基于图像的混合现实仿真系统建模
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摘要
基于图像的混合现实仿真系统建模与计算机视觉、计算机仿真、图象处理、虚拟现实等研究领域有关，分为图片采集、图像处理、轮廓表达，和最后在环境中显示出三维模型等几个步骤，是近年来的研究热点。目前提出了许多的解决方案，但由于图像理解和计算机视觉方面理论的缺乏，只产生了一些初步的理论框架，不同的研究者以各自的模型解释物体，使通用性受到了一定影响。
本文首先从二维图像的信号处理问题着手，利用改进的基于Canny算子的边缘检测方法对原始图片进行处理。然后提出了改进后的基于Hough变换检测直线表示轮廓的一种建模方法，直接用线段方程结合端点坐标来构建汽车简单三维模型，是一种高效的方法。考虑到模型的真实感，本文又提出了另外一种复杂外型建模的方法，物体的轮廓用边缘点序列表示。在处理过程中采用了二次曲线拟合、寻找特征点后部分用直线简化等方法，显著的降低了点的数量，大大提高了效率。最后，对整个三维环境实验场进行了介绍，并给出了实验结果。
The thesis is in relation to Computer Vision, Computer Reality, Image Processing and Virtual Reality etc. It is divided into four processes: picture collection, image processing, outline expression and show the three dimension model in the virtual environment. It is a research hotspot these years. A lot of ways which may solve the problem have been introduced. Because we know little about Computer Vision and Image Understanding , a few accidence theories frame have been brought out. Different researcher has his own model to explain the object. It will affect the universality.
First, we enter on the two dimension image signal processing, use the improved edge detection way based on Canny operator to deal with original photos, then introduce an improved straight lines detection method based on Hough transform to express the outline and model of the object. It directly builds the model with tail point and equation of the straight line, it is a very simple and efficiency method. Consider about the reality of the model, another complicated shape model method is increased. It use edge points sequence to explain the outline. We use the several ways to simplify the model, just like curve fitting, searching for the special points from the outline. It can greatly decrease the number of the edge points and improve the efficiency of the method. At last, we introduce the entire three-dimension environment and present the experiment result.
本文首先从二维图像的信号处理问题着手，利用改进的基于Canny算子的边缘检测方法对原始图片进行处理。然后提出了改进后的基于Hough变换检测直线表示轮廓的一种建模方法，直接用线段方程结合端点坐标来构建汽车简单三维模型，是一种高效的方法。考虑到模型的真实感，本文又提出了另外一种复杂外型建模的方法，物体的轮廓用边缘点序列表示。在处理过程中采用了二次曲线拟合、寻找特征点后部分用直线简化等方法，显著的降低了点的数量，大大提高了效率。最后，对整个三维环境实验场进行了介绍，并给出了实验结果。
The thesis is in relation to Computer Vision, Computer Reality, Image Processing and Virtual Reality etc. It is divided into four processes: picture collection, image processing, outline expression and show the three dimension model in the virtual environment. It is a research hotspot these years. A lot of ways which may solve the problem have been introduced. Because we know little about Computer Vision and Image Understanding , a few accidence theories frame have been brought out. Different researcher has his own model to explain the object. It will affect the universality.
First, we enter on the two dimension image signal processing, use the improved edge detection way based on Canny operator to deal with original photos, then introduce an improved straight lines detection method based on Hough transform to express the outline and model of the object. It directly builds the model with tail point and equation of the straight line, it is a very simple and efficiency method. Consider about the reality of the model, another complicated shape model method is increased. It use edge points sequence to explain the outline. We use the several ways to simplify the model, just like curve fitting, searching for the special points from the outline. It can greatly decrease the number of the edge points and improve the efficiency of the method. At last, we introduce the entire three-dimension environment and present the experiment result.
引文
1．李自力，朱光喜，朱耀庭．G&IBMR 建模的虚拟场景中对象的交互行为研究．系统仿真学报．2001．11 vol．13
2. Jon Bornstein.US Army Autonomous Vehicle Program. U.S. Army Research Lab. 2002
3．杨克位，刘舒燕，陈定方．虚拟现实中的建模方法．武汉工业大学学报 2001 (6)vol．6
4．李宏东，叶秀清，顾伟康．基于图象的真实感绘制与建模—IBMR．计算机应用与研究．1999：42-44
5．刘签，孙济洲．基于图象的计算机三维造型和绘制技术综述．计算机应用研究．1999 (4)：94-98
6．周晓蕊．三维建模软件的合理选配．电脑作业 2003：39-40
7．韩军伟．景物边缘提取技术的研究与应用．西北工业大学学报．2002
8．韦春桃，程晓宇．LOG 算子进行边缘检测的研究．桂林工学院学报 1999 (2)：180-183
9．何斌，马天予，王运坚，朱红莲．Visual C++ 数字图像处理．第1版．北京：北京邮电出版社，2001
10．杨枝灵，王开等．Visual C++ 数字图像获取、处理及实践应用．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
11. S. Perkings E. Wolfart. Spatial Filters-Gaussian Smoothing. 2000
12．吴战国，李启炎．面向三维重建的三视图数据结构．工程图学学报．2001 (2)：129-133
13．余学军，彭立中．二值图象曲线轮廓提取的新算法．中国图像图形学报．2002 (3)
14．孙家广等．计算机图形学．第三版．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
15．张爱军，诸昌铃，王颉．面向三维重建的视图坐标转换．西南交通大学学报．2001 (1)：57-62
16．刘世霞，胡事民，汪国平，孙家广．基于三视图的三维形体重建技术．计算机学报．2000 (2)：141-146
17．李改从，刘治光，游志胜．双目系统中一种车体的三维重建算法．四川师范大学学报 (自然科学版)．2002 (3)：320-323
18．蔡玲，王灵犀．一种基于照片的反求建模实验方法．沈阳工业学院学报．2003 (1)：34-37
19．昂海松，于志伟．复杂外形实体图像的三维重建．模式识别与人工智能．
1994 (4)：277-284
20．章毓晋．图像处理和分析．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
21．刘桂雄，申柏华，冯云庆，胡存银，易静荣．基于改进的 Hough 变换图像分割方法．光学精密工程．2002 (3)：257-260
22．王春莉，梁立波，王宝玉．计算机三维重建技术发展与应用．沈阳大学学报．2003 (2)：25-28
23．章毓晋．图像理解和计算机视觉．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
24. J.F. Canny. A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE Trans. PAMI 1986 (6) 679-698
25. Qiuming Zhu, Matt Payne, Victoria Riordan. Edge linking by a directional potential function. Image Vision computing. 1996 (14):59-70
26. D.H. Ballard. Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern Recognition. 1981 (13): 111-122
27. L.H. Staib, J.S. Duncan. Boundary finding with parametrically deformable models. IEEE Trans. 1992 (11) 1061-1075
28. S.W. Zucker, E.V. Krishnamurthy, R.L. Haar. Relaxation processes for scene labeling: convergence, speed and stability. IEEE Trans. 1980 (2):362-369
29. Van Gool, L, Wandermeulen, D, Kalberer, G, Tuytelaars, T. Modeling shapes and textures from image. 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission. 2002:286-294
30. Dischler, J.M, Ghazanfarpour, D. Interactive image-based modeling of macro-structured textures. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE. 1999 (19):66-74
31．李辉．一种基于零件加工特征的几何建模方法．石家庄铁道学院学报．1996 (2)：77-81
32．贾玉赞．浅议智能机器人发展与应用．太原科技．2003 (3)：20
33．柯琪，李维，郑南宁，盖平．机器人仿真系统的虚拟环境生成与显示．工业设计CAD及自动化．1997 (6)：18-22
2. Jon Bornstein.US Army Autonomous Vehicle Program. U.S. Army Research Lab. 2002
3．杨克位，刘舒燕，陈定方．虚拟现实中的建模方法．武汉工业大学学报 2001 (6)vol．6
4．李宏东，叶秀清，顾伟康．基于图象的真实感绘制与建模—IBMR．计算机应用与研究．1999：42-44
5．刘签，孙济洲．基于图象的计算机三维造型和绘制技术综述．计算机应用研究．1999 (4)：94-98
6．周晓蕊．三维建模软件的合理选配．电脑作业 2003：39-40
7．韩军伟．景物边缘提取技术的研究与应用．西北工业大学学报．2002
8．韦春桃，程晓宇．LOG 算子进行边缘检测的研究．桂林工学院学报 1999 (2)：180-183
9．何斌，马天予，王运坚，朱红莲．Visual C++ 数字图像处理．第1版．北京：北京邮电出版社，2001
10．杨枝灵，王开等．Visual C++ 数字图像获取、处理及实践应用．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
11. S. Perkings E. Wolfart. Spatial Filters-Gaussian Smoothing. 2000
12．吴战国，李启炎．面向三维重建的三视图数据结构．工程图学学报．2001 (2)：129-133
13．余学军，彭立中．二值图象曲线轮廓提取的新算法．中国图像图形学报．2002 (3)
14．孙家广等．计算机图形学．第三版．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
15．张爱军，诸昌铃，王颉．面向三维重建的视图坐标转换．西南交通大学学报．2001 (1)：57-62
16．刘世霞，胡事民，汪国平，孙家广．基于三视图的三维形体重建技术．计算机学报．2000 (2)：141-146
17．李改从，刘治光，游志胜．双目系统中一种车体的三维重建算法．四川师范大学学报 (自然科学版)．2002 (3)：320-323
18．蔡玲，王灵犀．一种基于照片的反求建模实验方法．沈阳工业学院学报．2003 (1)：34-37
19．昂海松，于志伟．复杂外形实体图像的三维重建．模式识别与人工智能．
1994 (4)：277-284
20．章毓晋．图像处理和分析．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
21．刘桂雄，申柏华，冯云庆，胡存银，易静荣．基于改进的 Hough 变换图像分割方法．光学精密工程．2002 (3)：257-260
22．王春莉，梁立波，王宝玉．计算机三维重建技术发展与应用．沈阳大学学报．2003 (2)：25-28
23．章毓晋．图像理解和计算机视觉．第一版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
24. J.F. Canny. A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE Trans. PAMI 1986 (6) 679-698
25. Qiuming Zhu, Matt Payne, Victoria Riordan. Edge linking by a directional potential function. Image Vision computing. 1996 (14):59-70
26. D.H. Ballard. Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern Recognition. 1981 (13): 111-122
27. L.H. Staib, J.S. Duncan. Boundary finding with parametrically deformable models. IEEE Trans. 1992 (11) 1061-1075
28. S.W. Zucker, E.V. Krishnamurthy, R.L. Haar. Relaxation processes for scene labeling: convergence, speed and stability. IEEE Trans. 1980 (2):362-369
29. Van Gool, L, Wandermeulen, D, Kalberer, G, Tuytelaars, T. Modeling shapes and textures from image. 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission. 2002:286-294
30. Dischler, J.M, Ghazanfarpour, D. Interactive image-based modeling of macro-structured textures. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE. 1999 (19):66-74
31．李辉．一种基于零件加工特征的几何建模方法．石家庄铁道学院学报．1996 (2)：77-81
32．贾玉赞．浅议智能机器人发展与应用．太原科技．2003 (3)：20
33．柯琪，李维，郑南宁，盖平．机器人仿真系统的虚拟环境生成与显示．工业设计CAD及自动化．1997 (6)：18-22