本地市场效应与产业空间结构研究
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摘要
产业空间结构影响国际经济与区域经济发展。如何解释这种空间分布不均衡?影响因素有哪些?作用机制如何?新经济地理学认为,从需求角度看,本地市场效应显著影响着产业的空间结构。本地市场效应指具有较大当地需求的地区将吸引超比例的不完全竞争行业的企业来该地生产。也就是说,本国市场的需求决定了经济发展过程中出现的产业集聚、产业扩散以及地区差异。同时,运输成本的下降产生本地市场放大效应,将进一步强化本地市场效应对产业空间结构的影响。由于本地市场效应,企业向规模较大的市场集聚,不同生产率的企业对市场规模有着不同的反应,效率更高的企业往往更易于向规模大的市场集聚,最终导致在规模较大的市场上,不完全竞争企业不仅所占市场份额更大,而且其平均生产率也更高。市场规模、运输成本和异质企业通过本地市场效应显著影响着产业空间结构的变化,深入分析以上三种因素与产业空间结构的相互影响有助于我们进一步理解产业空间结构的形成原因与演变规律。
本文采取理论分析和经验研究相结合的方式,在新经济地理学框架下,通过深入分析本地市场效应的约束条件、影响因素,以及本地市场效应产生的正外部性和负外部性,分别探讨了市场规模、贸易成本、企业异质性与产业空间结构之间的相互作用关系,力图客观的揭示本地市场效应影响产业空间结构变化的微观作用机制及其经济效应；在政策层面,对本地市场效应和企业异质性对我国产业空间分布带来的效率和公平问题进行理论探讨,寻求中国经济协调发展的解决途径。
本文的内容分为七部分,具体章节安排如下：
第一章导论,主要介绍文章的选题背景、研究目标、研究方法以及创新之处,并对相关概念进行界定,对研究主题作总体上的阐述。
第二章相关文献综述,对经济学对产业空间结构方面的研究,特别是新经济地理学对产业空间结构的研究进行回顾和总结。本部分从三个方面对相关理论进行梳理。首先对新经济地理学诞生之前,杜能、李嘉图、马歇尔和赫克歇尔-俄林对于产业空间结构的传统研究进行归纳总结；然后分析了新经济地理学对产业空间结构的研究。新经济地理学认为本地市场效应是影响产业空间集聚与扩散的基本因素,市场结构不同企业对产品价格的垄断力也存在差异,企业间是否具有战略互动、强弱程度如何将影响到企业的区位决策,进而影响到本地市场效应的强弱；最后对中国相关研究成果,包括理论和经验研究进行了综述。
第三章本地市场效应、企业异质性影响产业空间结构的理论分析。本部分建立理论模型,分析本地市场效应对产业空间结构的影响。按照从一般到特殊的规律,本部分从两个角度进行理论建模和分析,首先从同质企业角度分析本地市场效应影响产业区位变化的作用机制及其福利含义；其次在前述模型基础上引入异质企业进一步考察产业空间结构均衡的存在和变化。
第四章市场规模、本地市场效应与产业空间结构。本章主要考察市场规模对产业空间结构变化的影响,通过建立理论模型考察市场规模对产业集聚和扩散的机制,通过短期和长期均衡分析和数值模拟,全面考察市场规模所引起的企业迁移等方面的变动,并应用数据对我国空间经济结构变化进行实证检验。
第五章贸易成本、本地市场效应与产业空间结构。第一部主要分析本地市场效应与贸易成本的关系；为了进一步证明贸易成本对产业空间分布的作用,第二部分在基本模型基础上引入中间投入品,结论表明当考虑中间产品时,贸易成本与产业集聚之间呈现出非单调的钟型结构；第三部分对我国的贸易成本与产业空间集聚进行实证检验
第六章异质企业、本地市场效应与产业空间结构。本章从异质企业角度出发,研究企业异质、本地市场效应与产业空间结构的互动机制与福利含义。并且讨论了在企业异质条件下政府税收政策、生产补贴对产业空间结构的影响。
第七章结论与建议。本部分回顾了本地市场效应影响产业空间结构理论模型的基本含义,总结了产业空间结构影响因素之间复杂的相互关系以及各部分理论和实证分析的基本结论,同时也指出了本研究内容的未来研究方向和本文的不足之处。产业空间结构优化与政策建议。
本文创新之处主要体现在以下三个方面：
第一,本文在新经济地理学基础上,从需求的视角考察了产业空间分布影响因素,分市场规模、贸易成本和异质企业三个层面研究了本地市场效应与产业空间结构间的相互作用机制。
第二,修改了新经济地理学模型中同质企业的假设,引入企业异质性,从企业层次讨论了企业在生产率上的差异与产业空间结构之间的关系,从理论上拓展了新经济地理学的研究。
第三,利用中国的数据对本地市场效应与产业空间结构的关系进行实证分析,其中包括对市场规模与产业空间结构的检验和贸易成本与产业空间分布的检验,考察了中国经济发展过程中市场规模和贸易成本对产业空间结构的影响。
Industrial spatial structure affects the international economic and regional economic development. How to interpret this kind of unbalanced spatial distribution? What factors affect the distribution of industrial space? How these factors play a role? How these factors interact in the spatial distribution? From the demand perspective, the home market effects significantly affect the spatial structure of the industry. According to home market effects, the region with a large local demand will attract a disproportionate imperfectly competitive industry enterprise. In other words, the local market demand determines the industrial agglomeration, industrial-proliferation and regional differences in the process of economic development. Meanwhile, the decline in trade costs lead to the home market amplification effect, which will further strengthen the home market effects on the structure of industrial space. Due to the home market effect, enterprises concentrate to the larger market. Enterprises having different productivity have different reactions to the size of the market. More efficient enterprises tend to be more easily to concentrate the large-size market. In the end the modern enterprise in larger market is not only a greater market share and average productivity is also higher. Market size, transportation costs and heterogeneous enterprises significantly affect the changes in the structure of industrial space through home market effects. We can further understand the reasons for the formation and evolution of the structure of industrial space by analyzing the interaction between the three factors and industrial spatial structure. We try to reveal the internal laws of home market effect and the spatial changes in industrial structure. We analyze the spatial variation of the industrial structure from the perspective of the home market effects, trying to explore the interaction between domestic market size and industrial spatial structure, trade costs and industrial spatial structure and firm heterogeneity and industrial spatial structure under the framework of the new economic geography. The goal of this paper is to analyze the constraints of the home market effect and factors Influencing the home market effect, distinguish the microscopic mechanism between industrial spatial structure and home market effects, analyze the industry concentration and diffusion forces by examining positive and negative externalities arising from the home market effects, seek the solution of coordinated development of China's economy by exploring the home market effect and firm heterogeneity.
The contents of this paper is divided into seven parts:Chapter1. Introduction. Introduce the research background, objectives, methods and innovations of the paper.Chapter2. Literature Review. Review the study on the industrial spatial structure by economics, special attentions given to the research investigated by the new economic geography.Chapter3. Establish a theoretical model to analyze the relationship between home market effects and Industrial spatial structure.Chapter4. Study the mechanism that the impact of market size on the industrial concentration and diffusion.Chapter5. Discuss the relationship of trade costs, home market effects and the Industrial spatial structure.Chapter6. First introduce the heterogeneous enterprise, and then study the interaction mechanism and welfare implications of firm heterogeneity, home market effects and the Industrial spatial structure.Chapter7. Conclusions and policy recommendations.
本文采取理论分析和经验研究相结合的方式,在新经济地理学框架下,通过深入分析本地市场效应的约束条件、影响因素,以及本地市场效应产生的正外部性和负外部性,分别探讨了市场规模、贸易成本、企业异质性与产业空间结构之间的相互作用关系,力图客观的揭示本地市场效应影响产业空间结构变化的微观作用机制及其经济效应；在政策层面,对本地市场效应和企业异质性对我国产业空间分布带来的效率和公平问题进行理论探讨,寻求中国经济协调发展的解决途径。
本文的内容分为七部分,具体章节安排如下：
第一章导论,主要介绍文章的选题背景、研究目标、研究方法以及创新之处,并对相关概念进行界定,对研究主题作总体上的阐述。
第二章相关文献综述,对经济学对产业空间结构方面的研究,特别是新经济地理学对产业空间结构的研究进行回顾和总结。本部分从三个方面对相关理论进行梳理。首先对新经济地理学诞生之前,杜能、李嘉图、马歇尔和赫克歇尔-俄林对于产业空间结构的传统研究进行归纳总结；然后分析了新经济地理学对产业空间结构的研究。新经济地理学认为本地市场效应是影响产业空间集聚与扩散的基本因素,市场结构不同企业对产品价格的垄断力也存在差异,企业间是否具有战略互动、强弱程度如何将影响到企业的区位决策,进而影响到本地市场效应的强弱；最后对中国相关研究成果,包括理论和经验研究进行了综述。
第三章本地市场效应、企业异质性影响产业空间结构的理论分析。本部分建立理论模型,分析本地市场效应对产业空间结构的影响。按照从一般到特殊的规律,本部分从两个角度进行理论建模和分析,首先从同质企业角度分析本地市场效应影响产业区位变化的作用机制及其福利含义；其次在前述模型基础上引入异质企业进一步考察产业空间结构均衡的存在和变化。
第四章市场规模、本地市场效应与产业空间结构。本章主要考察市场规模对产业空间结构变化的影响,通过建立理论模型考察市场规模对产业集聚和扩散的机制,通过短期和长期均衡分析和数值模拟,全面考察市场规模所引起的企业迁移等方面的变动,并应用数据对我国空间经济结构变化进行实证检验。
第五章贸易成本、本地市场效应与产业空间结构。第一部主要分析本地市场效应与贸易成本的关系；为了进一步证明贸易成本对产业空间分布的作用,第二部分在基本模型基础上引入中间投入品,结论表明当考虑中间产品时,贸易成本与产业集聚之间呈现出非单调的钟型结构；第三部分对我国的贸易成本与产业空间集聚进行实证检验
第六章异质企业、本地市场效应与产业空间结构。本章从异质企业角度出发,研究企业异质、本地市场效应与产业空间结构的互动机制与福利含义。并且讨论了在企业异质条件下政府税收政策、生产补贴对产业空间结构的影响。
第七章结论与建议。本部分回顾了本地市场效应影响产业空间结构理论模型的基本含义,总结了产业空间结构影响因素之间复杂的相互关系以及各部分理论和实证分析的基本结论,同时也指出了本研究内容的未来研究方向和本文的不足之处。产业空间结构优化与政策建议。
本文创新之处主要体现在以下三个方面：
第一,本文在新经济地理学基础上,从需求的视角考察了产业空间分布影响因素,分市场规模、贸易成本和异质企业三个层面研究了本地市场效应与产业空间结构间的相互作用机制。
第二,修改了新经济地理学模型中同质企业的假设,引入企业异质性,从企业层次讨论了企业在生产率上的差异与产业空间结构之间的关系,从理论上拓展了新经济地理学的研究。
第三,利用中国的数据对本地市场效应与产业空间结构的关系进行实证分析,其中包括对市场规模与产业空间结构的检验和贸易成本与产业空间分布的检验,考察了中国经济发展过程中市场规模和贸易成本对产业空间结构的影响。
Industrial spatial structure affects the international economic and regional economic development. How to interpret this kind of unbalanced spatial distribution? What factors affect the distribution of industrial space? How these factors play a role? How these factors interact in the spatial distribution? From the demand perspective, the home market effects significantly affect the spatial structure of the industry. According to home market effects, the region with a large local demand will attract a disproportionate imperfectly competitive industry enterprise. In other words, the local market demand determines the industrial agglomeration, industrial-proliferation and regional differences in the process of economic development. Meanwhile, the decline in trade costs lead to the home market amplification effect, which will further strengthen the home market effects on the structure of industrial space. Due to the home market effect, enterprises concentrate to the larger market. Enterprises having different productivity have different reactions to the size of the market. More efficient enterprises tend to be more easily to concentrate the large-size market. In the end the modern enterprise in larger market is not only a greater market share and average productivity is also higher. Market size, transportation costs and heterogeneous enterprises significantly affect the changes in the structure of industrial space through home market effects. We can further understand the reasons for the formation and evolution of the structure of industrial space by analyzing the interaction between the three factors and industrial spatial structure. We try to reveal the internal laws of home market effect and the spatial changes in industrial structure. We analyze the spatial variation of the industrial structure from the perspective of the home market effects, trying to explore the interaction between domestic market size and industrial spatial structure, trade costs and industrial spatial structure and firm heterogeneity and industrial spatial structure under the framework of the new economic geography. The goal of this paper is to analyze the constraints of the home market effect and factors Influencing the home market effect, distinguish the microscopic mechanism between industrial spatial structure and home market effects, analyze the industry concentration and diffusion forces by examining positive and negative externalities arising from the home market effects, seek the solution of coordinated development of China's economy by exploring the home market effect and firm heterogeneity.
The contents of this paper is divided into seven parts:Chapter1. Introduction. Introduce the research background, objectives, methods and innovations of the paper.Chapter2. Literature Review. Review the study on the industrial spatial structure by economics, special attentions given to the research investigated by the new economic geography.Chapter3. Establish a theoretical model to analyze the relationship between home market effects and Industrial spatial structure.Chapter4. Study the mechanism that the impact of market size on the industrial concentration and diffusion.Chapter5. Discuss the relationship of trade costs, home market effects and the Industrial spatial structure.Chapter6. First introduce the heterogeneous enterprise, and then study the interaction mechanism and welfare implications of firm heterogeneity, home market effects and the Industrial spatial structure.Chapter7. Conclusions and policy recommendations.
引文
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