奶牛附红细胞体感染途径及敏感药物体外筛选的研究
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摘要
附红细胞体病是由附红细胞体(Eperythrozoon, EH)寄生于人和动物红细胞表面、血浆组织液以及骨髓内引起的一种以贫血、黄疸、发热等为主要临床症状的人畜共患的传染病。附红细胞体病不仅导致动物毛产量及乳肉产量减少,生育力下降,而且还引起较重的临床表现及死亡,引起了重大经济损失。许多专家学者都认为,蚊虫叮咬是本病的传播媒介,但缺乏试验依据,并且该病一年四季都有发生,不能很好的解释本病的流行特点,因此,我们推测还有其他途经可以传播本病,虽然关于附红细胞体的报道很多,但主要是集中在检测、治疗等方面,到目前为止还没有见到对附红细胞体感染途径研究的报道,因此,我们选择奶牛附红细胞体病感染途径作为课题的切入点。Mclaughlin(1991)报道牛温氏附红细胞体不能感染山羊、鹿和去脾的绵羊,但对牛、犬和兔较为敏感,所以,我们选择48条健康幼犬,经血液学检查确认无附红细胞体感染后,随机分为呼吸道接种组、皮下接种组、消化道接种组和肌肉接种组(各组均设对照组),将奶牛附红细胞体阴性菌血和阳性菌血经呼吸道吸入,颈部皮下注射,口腔灌服以及肌肉注射的方法分别接种各组对照犬和试验犬,逐日采血,测定其红细胞感染率,并在接种后第三天,测定其生理指标、血液常规指标及血液生化指标;同时,选择妊娠24-25日龄的母兔10只,经血液学检查确认无附红细胞体感染后,随机分为垂直感染接种组和对照组。试验结果证明,呼吸系统、蚊虫叮咬、消化道和伤口均可传播该病,本病也可以通过胎盘传播,为该病的预防和控制提供了重要的理论依据。目前,市面上治疗附红细胞体的药物很多,而且所报道过的“特效”药物达数十种之多,但临床效果存在很大差异,我们根据在门诊上接诊奶牛养专业户和养殖场应用药物的情况,选择盐酸多西环素、高含量长效磺金6甲、华神长效红弓、血虫净、咪唑苯脲等五种药物,以体外培养的方法进行奶牛附红细胞体敏感药物体外筛选试验。结果表明,这五种药物对奶牛附红细胞体抑杀效果从高到低依次是咪唑苯脲>血虫净>盐酸多西环素>高含量长效磺金6甲>华神长效红弓。
Eperythrozoonosis is a zoonosis and caused by eperythrozoon which parasitizes in surface of akaryocyte, blood plasm and bone marrow. Eperythrozoonosis not only reduced the outcome of capill,milk meat and uberty of animals,but also caused serious clinical manifestation and death.So the disease caused large economical lose. Lots of experts considered that insect stings were the intermediary agent of eperythrozoonosis,but these points of view were lacked of basement of experiment,and the disease was epidemic every season. These points could not explain epidemic features of eperythrozoonosis so we inferred that there were other methods which spread the disease. Although there were a lot of reports about eperythrozoonosis ,these reports centered detection,cure etc. There was not discover any report about route of infection of eperythrozoon,so we chosed the routes of eperythrozoonosis in dairy cow as our topic. Mclaughlin(1991) reported that E.wenyoni could not infect goats,deer and sheeps without splenic,but cattles,dogs and rabbits were sensitive.Forty-eight young healthy dogs which were sure free from Eperythrozoon by blood test were divided into respiration system infection group, hypodermic inoculation group, digestive system infection group and muscle infection group(every group follows control group),every dog of control group and examinational group was inoculated negative blood(normal dairy cow blood), inoculated positive blood(dairy cow blood infected from Eperythrozoon) hrough respiration system, hypodermic inoculation, digestive system and muscle separately.The infection rate of erythrocyte was measured every day,and the physiology index, blood rut and blood biochemical index were measured at the summit of erythrocyte infection rate. The result showed that the disease can transmit through respiration system,bite by mosquito,alimentary canal and wound. Ten cyophoric rabbits which cyesised 24-25 days were selected.It was made sure that there was not eperythozoon in these rabbits,they were divided vertical control group infection group randomly.The result showed that the disease could spread by vertical transmission.The important theoretical gist was given for the prevention and control to Eperythrozoonosis in dairy cow .
Recently,there were lots of drugs cureing perythozoonosis,furthermore, there were more than 10 specifics but there were large differences in clinic. According to conditions which we comprehended by clinic,We select five drugs which were doxycycline,hyclate,huashen-long effect-honggong sulfamonomethoxine, berenil, imidocarb, in order to select sensitive drugs for eperythrozoon of dairy cow in vitro.The result showed that the effect of these drugs from high to low were Imidocarb>berenil>doxycycline>hyclate>huashen-long effect-honggong.
Eperythrozoonosis is a zoonosis and caused by eperythrozoon which parasitizes in surface of akaryocyte, blood plasm and bone marrow. Eperythrozoonosis not only reduced the outcome of capill,milk meat and uberty of animals,but also caused serious clinical manifestation and death.So the disease caused large economical lose. Lots of experts considered that insect stings were the intermediary agent of eperythrozoonosis,but these points of view were lacked of basement of experiment,and the disease was epidemic every season. These points could not explain epidemic features of eperythrozoonosis so we inferred that there were other methods which spread the disease. Although there were a lot of reports about eperythrozoonosis ,these reports centered detection,cure etc. There was not discover any report about route of infection of eperythrozoon,so we chosed the routes of eperythrozoonosis in dairy cow as our topic. Mclaughlin(1991) reported that E.wenyoni could not infect goats,deer and sheeps without splenic,but cattles,dogs and rabbits were sensitive.Forty-eight young healthy dogs which were sure free from Eperythrozoon by blood test were divided into respiration system infection group, hypodermic inoculation group, digestive system infection group and muscle infection group(every group follows control group),every dog of control group and examinational group was inoculated negative blood(normal dairy cow blood), inoculated positive blood(dairy cow blood infected from Eperythrozoon) hrough respiration system, hypodermic inoculation, digestive system and muscle separately.The infection rate of erythrocyte was measured every day,and the physiology index, blood rut and blood biochemical index were measured at the summit of erythrocyte infection rate. The result showed that the disease can transmit through respiration system,bite by mosquito,alimentary canal and wound. Ten cyophoric rabbits which cyesised 24-25 days were selected.It was made sure that there was not eperythozoon in these rabbits,they were divided vertical control group infection group randomly.The result showed that the disease could spread by vertical transmission.The important theoretical gist was given for the prevention and control to Eperythrozoonosis in dairy cow .
Recently,there were lots of drugs cureing perythozoonosis,furthermore, there were more than 10 specifics but there were large differences in clinic. According to conditions which we comprehended by clinic,We select five drugs which were doxycycline,hyclate,huashen-long effect-honggong sulfamonomethoxine, berenil, imidocarb, in order to select sensitive drugs for eperythrozoon of dairy cow in vitro.The result showed that the effect of these drugs from high to low were Imidocarb>berenil>doxycycline>hyclate>huashen-long effect-honggong.
引文
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