山东省高校大学生课外体育锻炼的现状调查及分析
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摘要
课外体育锻炼是一个相对的概念,从广义上讲,课外体育锻炼泛指学生参加的除体育课以外的体育锻炼活动,从狭义上讲,它特指学生在学校内从事的除体育课教学以外的体育锻炼活动,指学生在课余时间里,运用各种身体练习和方法,以增强体质、活跃身心、提高运动技术水平和丰富业余文化生活等为目的而进行的体育教育活动,它不仅仅是学校体育的组成部分,更是课外体育活动的重要内容。本文所提到的课外体育锻炼是指狭义的课外体育锻炼。
长期以来,人们习惯把课外体育锻炼看成是体育课的延伸和补充,它是从属于体育课的,为体育课教学服务。在这种观念的影响下,很多学校在安排课外体育锻炼时只考虑它的延伸性,体育课教什么,课外体育锻炼就练什么,忽视学生对运动的兴趣和需要,忽视学生的心理感受和个性发展,其结果往往导致学生在复习巩固某些有形技术技能动作时都表示,不愿意再练习体育课上所学的内容,尽管近两年来有许多学者在研究课外体育锻炼时都提出了发展学生个性的问题,然而在实践中,还没有把它摆放到应有的位置上。
2007年5月份中共中央印发了《关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》的文件,文件指出,“当前和今后一个时期,要认真落实‘健康第一'的指导思想,建立健全学校体育工作机制,充分保证学校体育课和学生体育活动,培养青少年良好的体育锻炼习惯和健康的生活方式,形成青少年热爱体育、崇尚运动、健康向上的良好风气和全社会珍视健康、重视体育的浓厚氛围,广泛开展‘全国亿万学生阳光体育运动',鼓励学生走向操场、走进大自然、走到阳光下,形成青少年体育锻炼的热潮”,“保证学生每天锻炼一小时,每个学生每周至少参加三次课外体育锻炼”,这无疑为青少年参加课外体育锻炼提供了一个很好的契机和平台,为学校更加广泛深入地开展课外体育锻炼注入了新的生机与活力。因此,在这样的政策背景下学校体育的作用也变得日益突出,学校体育的任务也变得更加明确和艰巨。学校课外体育锻炼不仅是全民健身的热点,通过积极主动的身体活动来锻炼身体、增强体质,它还是终身体育的重要环节,为终身体育打下良好的体质基础,同时还培养广大学生终身体育的意识、习惯和能力。我们要认识课外体育锻炼在学校教育教育中的地位和作用,全面贯彻党和国家的方针,以迎接2008年北京奥运会为契机,进一步激发他们对体育活动的参与意识,培养他们的健康意识与行为,使课外体育锻炼为现代化建设培养中国特色社会主义事业的合格建设者和接班人。
本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、对比分析法等研究方法,对山东省高校大学生参加课外体育锻炼的现状进行了调查分析,在研究过程中得出了以下结论:
1.山东省高校大学生参加课外体育锻炼的动机比较明确且趋向多元化,态度比较积极,有66.86%的在校大学生都能积极主动地参加课外体育锻炼,希望通过体育锻炼,增强体质、减轻学习生活中的压力、丰富自己的业余生活,但仍有33.14%的大学生对课外体育锻炼不是很感兴趣,同时男生与女生在参与课外体育锻炼的动机和态度上存在着显著的差异。
2山东省高校大学生课外体育锻炼的形式多样,内容丰富,有8%的学生经常独自一人参加课外体育锻炼,有78%的学生与同学一起参加课外体育锻炼,有14%的学生只有组织的统一活动才参加,另外还有一部分学生参加课外体育锻炼具有一定的盲目性,无计划,缺乏科学合理的安排,管理的松弛也造成体育意识的偏差和下降。
3影响山东省高校大学生课外体育锻炼的因素是多方面的,主要因为学习压力大时间不足、场地器材缺乏、上网耗时多、组织和指导欠缺等,不同性别、年级和系别之间存在着差异。高校体育设施的经费投入不足,体育设施建设数量、体育设施标准偏低,严重制约着体育设施的建设发展,山东省高校的多数室内体育场馆和部分露天体育场地都实行“收费政策”,在很大程度上削弱了在校大学生参加课外体育锻炼的兴趣。
4山东省高校由于体育场馆、体育教学设施、学校类型等因素的不同,导致了体育群体意识的差异,决定了校园体育文化氛围不够浓厚、活跃,制约了学生的体育知识、技术、技能的学习,影响了学生组织能力、运动能力、自我锻炼能力的提高。
5山东省高校体育工作者宣传、教育、指导等工作力度不够,课外体育锻炼只是把学生局限在校园内,处于封闭状态下,与家庭体育和社会体育产生分离,造成了两者在目标、内容、形式上的脱节,不利于全民健身运动的普及和终身体育的开展。
The extracurricular physical exercise is a relative concept. Broadly speaking, it refers to physical exercise except the physical training in class. Narrowly speaking, it refers particularly to the exercises the students engaged in the school except physical education teaching outside physical training. It is not only the school sports constituent; also it is the important content of extracurricular sports. Here the term we adopt is the first one, it mainly refers to the activities that students participate in order to strengthen their body, enrich their spare time. It is one of the most effective methods to realize the goal of physical training courses; it is useful supplements of the school physical education; it acts as the practical stage of the physical class. We should unifies physical education and the extracurricular physical training together by introducing some practical and interesting ways of physical building methods to the students in order to stimulate the enthusiasm of the students. However, the current situation of the development of extracurricular physical training in universities is not optimistic. Though most students take part in physical exercises out of body building or entertainment or interesting, still there are some students do it in order to be qualified in physical testing. Generally speaking, the students who can take part in exercises three times a week, 30-60 minutes each time are boys. But before the physical test, there are much more students who participate in exercises, and most of them are girls at this time.
Since long ago, the people are used to regard the extracurricular physical exercise as extending and supplement of physical education, and thinks that it belongs to the physical education, serving for the physical education . Under the influence of this idea, when arranging extracurricular physical training, many schools only consider its extensibility, and the extracurricular physical training practices only what the physical education teaches any, which neglects the students' interest of movement and the need, neglects student's individuality development. Most of extracurricular the physical exercises is to review the physical education technology, and the skill is important, but neglected the student psychology feelings, its result caused the student, when reviewed and reinforced certain visible technical skill movement, all indicate not willing again to practice the content which studied in the class. We observed students animate in the class, but display the enormous interest in the extracurricular physical training. Although, in the recent two years, many scholars have proposed develop the students' individuality, in reality, they have not placed it in the position which should have.
In May, 2007 the Central Committee of the CCP printed and distributed "about Strengthen Young people Sports , Strengthen Young people Physique Opinion" the document, the document pointed out that, "current and next time, we had to carry out the guiding ideology 'earnestly health first', established the perfect school sports work mechanism, guaranteed fully the school physical education and the spare sports, raised the young people good physical exercise custom and the health life style, formed the young people to deeply love the sports, the health atmosphere and treasures the health, Widely develops "national trillion student sunlight sports', encourages the student to move towards the drill ground, to enter the nature, arrives under the sunlight, forms the physical exercise upsurge of the young people", "guaranteed the student exercise every day for an hour, each student participates extracurricular physical exercise at least three time each week ",it provide a very good turning point and the platform for the young people to participate in the extracurricular physical exercise, and carry out the extracurricular physical exercise for the school to pour into the new vitality and the vigor widely and thoroughly.
Therefore, the function of school sports becomes prominent day by day under such policy background, the duty of school sports also becomes even more clear, not only the school extracurricular physical exercise is a hot spot ,all the people enhance the physique through the positive bodily activity, it is the important lifelong physical culture link, not only builds the good physique foundation for the lifelong physical culture, but also raises the general student lifelong physical culture consciousness, the custom and ability. We must know the status and the function of the extracurricular physical exercise in school, put into the policy of the Party and the nation comprehensively, take greets in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as the turning point, further stimulate them the sense of participation in the sports, raises their health consciousness and the behavior, cultivate the qualified constructor and the successor who raises the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics for serving the modernization.
This article utilizes literature research techniques, questionnaire survey procedure, contrast analytic method and so on material law, carry on the diagnosis of the present situation that the university student in Shandong Province participated in the extracurricular physical exercise , has drawn following conclusion in the research process:
1.The Shandong Province university student participates in the extracurricular physical training the motive quite to be explicit also the trend multiplication, the manner quite is positive, some 66.86% all can positive participate in the extracurricular physical training on own initiative in the school university students, hoped through the physical training, the enhancement physique, reduces in the study life the pressure, enriches own extra-curricular life, but still had outside 33.14% university student antitheses the physical training is interested very much, simultaneously the male student and the female student has the remarkable difference in the participation extracurricular physical training motive and the manner.
2.Shandong Province university student extracurricular physical training various formats, the content is rich, a some 8% student alone person participates in the extracurricular physical training frequently, some 78% student and schoolmate participate in the extracurricular physical training together, some 14% student only then organize unification only then participates, moreover also has part of students to participate in the extracurricular physical training to have certain blindness, does not have the plan, lacks the science reasonable arrangement, the management relaxation also creates the sports consciousness the deviation and the drop.
3. Affects the Shandong Province university student extracurricular physical training the factor is various, when mainly the study pressure high time insufficiency, the location equipment lack, the surfer consumes many, the organization and the instruction are short of and so on, between the different sex, the grade and the series have the difference., The university sports facilities funds investment insufficiency, sports facilities construction quantity, the sports facilities standard is somewhat low, is seriously restricting the sports facilities construction development, in the Shandong Province university's most rooms the sports facility and the part open-air sports location all implements "the charge policy", weakened to a great extent participated in the extracurricular physical training in the school university student the interest.
4. The Shandong Province university as a result of the sports facility, sports factor and so on teaching facility, school type differences, has caused the difference which the sports community realizes, had decided the campus sports culture atmosphere insufficiently is thick, actively, has restricted student's sports knowledge, technical, the skill study, affected the student to organizeability, movement ability, the self-exercise ability enhancement.
5. The Shandong Province university sports worker propagandizes, work dynamics and so on theeducation, instruction is insufficient, the extracurricular physical training only is limits the studentin the campus, is at under the seal condition, produced with the family sports and the social sportsseparates, has created both in the goal, the content, form coming apart, did not favor all the peoplehealth sports the popularization and the lifelong physical culture development.
长期以来,人们习惯把课外体育锻炼看成是体育课的延伸和补充,它是从属于体育课的,为体育课教学服务。在这种观念的影响下,很多学校在安排课外体育锻炼时只考虑它的延伸性,体育课教什么,课外体育锻炼就练什么,忽视学生对运动的兴趣和需要,忽视学生的心理感受和个性发展,其结果往往导致学生在复习巩固某些有形技术技能动作时都表示,不愿意再练习体育课上所学的内容,尽管近两年来有许多学者在研究课外体育锻炼时都提出了发展学生个性的问题,然而在实践中,还没有把它摆放到应有的位置上。
2007年5月份中共中央印发了《关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》的文件,文件指出,“当前和今后一个时期,要认真落实‘健康第一'的指导思想,建立健全学校体育工作机制,充分保证学校体育课和学生体育活动,培养青少年良好的体育锻炼习惯和健康的生活方式,形成青少年热爱体育、崇尚运动、健康向上的良好风气和全社会珍视健康、重视体育的浓厚氛围,广泛开展‘全国亿万学生阳光体育运动',鼓励学生走向操场、走进大自然、走到阳光下,形成青少年体育锻炼的热潮”,“保证学生每天锻炼一小时,每个学生每周至少参加三次课外体育锻炼”,这无疑为青少年参加课外体育锻炼提供了一个很好的契机和平台,为学校更加广泛深入地开展课外体育锻炼注入了新的生机与活力。因此,在这样的政策背景下学校体育的作用也变得日益突出,学校体育的任务也变得更加明确和艰巨。学校课外体育锻炼不仅是全民健身的热点,通过积极主动的身体活动来锻炼身体、增强体质,它还是终身体育的重要环节,为终身体育打下良好的体质基础,同时还培养广大学生终身体育的意识、习惯和能力。我们要认识课外体育锻炼在学校教育教育中的地位和作用,全面贯彻党和国家的方针,以迎接2008年北京奥运会为契机,进一步激发他们对体育活动的参与意识,培养他们的健康意识与行为,使课外体育锻炼为现代化建设培养中国特色社会主义事业的合格建设者和接班人。
本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、对比分析法等研究方法,对山东省高校大学生参加课外体育锻炼的现状进行了调查分析,在研究过程中得出了以下结论:
1.山东省高校大学生参加课外体育锻炼的动机比较明确且趋向多元化,态度比较积极,有66.86%的在校大学生都能积极主动地参加课外体育锻炼,希望通过体育锻炼,增强体质、减轻学习生活中的压力、丰富自己的业余生活,但仍有33.14%的大学生对课外体育锻炼不是很感兴趣,同时男生与女生在参与课外体育锻炼的动机和态度上存在着显著的差异。
2山东省高校大学生课外体育锻炼的形式多样,内容丰富,有8%的学生经常独自一人参加课外体育锻炼,有78%的学生与同学一起参加课外体育锻炼,有14%的学生只有组织的统一活动才参加,另外还有一部分学生参加课外体育锻炼具有一定的盲目性,无计划,缺乏科学合理的安排,管理的松弛也造成体育意识的偏差和下降。
3影响山东省高校大学生课外体育锻炼的因素是多方面的,主要因为学习压力大时间不足、场地器材缺乏、上网耗时多、组织和指导欠缺等,不同性别、年级和系别之间存在着差异。高校体育设施的经费投入不足,体育设施建设数量、体育设施标准偏低,严重制约着体育设施的建设发展,山东省高校的多数室内体育场馆和部分露天体育场地都实行“收费政策”,在很大程度上削弱了在校大学生参加课外体育锻炼的兴趣。
4山东省高校由于体育场馆、体育教学设施、学校类型等因素的不同,导致了体育群体意识的差异,决定了校园体育文化氛围不够浓厚、活跃,制约了学生的体育知识、技术、技能的学习,影响了学生组织能力、运动能力、自我锻炼能力的提高。
5山东省高校体育工作者宣传、教育、指导等工作力度不够,课外体育锻炼只是把学生局限在校园内,处于封闭状态下,与家庭体育和社会体育产生分离,造成了两者在目标、内容、形式上的脱节,不利于全民健身运动的普及和终身体育的开展。
The extracurricular physical exercise is a relative concept. Broadly speaking, it refers to physical exercise except the physical training in class. Narrowly speaking, it refers particularly to the exercises the students engaged in the school except physical education teaching outside physical training. It is not only the school sports constituent; also it is the important content of extracurricular sports. Here the term we adopt is the first one, it mainly refers to the activities that students participate in order to strengthen their body, enrich their spare time. It is one of the most effective methods to realize the goal of physical training courses; it is useful supplements of the school physical education; it acts as the practical stage of the physical class. We should unifies physical education and the extracurricular physical training together by introducing some practical and interesting ways of physical building methods to the students in order to stimulate the enthusiasm of the students. However, the current situation of the development of extracurricular physical training in universities is not optimistic. Though most students take part in physical exercises out of body building or entertainment or interesting, still there are some students do it in order to be qualified in physical testing. Generally speaking, the students who can take part in exercises three times a week, 30-60 minutes each time are boys. But before the physical test, there are much more students who participate in exercises, and most of them are girls at this time.
Since long ago, the people are used to regard the extracurricular physical exercise as extending and supplement of physical education, and thinks that it belongs to the physical education, serving for the physical education . Under the influence of this idea, when arranging extracurricular physical training, many schools only consider its extensibility, and the extracurricular physical training practices only what the physical education teaches any, which neglects the students' interest of movement and the need, neglects student's individuality development. Most of extracurricular the physical exercises is to review the physical education technology, and the skill is important, but neglected the student psychology feelings, its result caused the student, when reviewed and reinforced certain visible technical skill movement, all indicate not willing again to practice the content which studied in the class. We observed students animate in the class, but display the enormous interest in the extracurricular physical training. Although, in the recent two years, many scholars have proposed develop the students' individuality, in reality, they have not placed it in the position which should have.
In May, 2007 the Central Committee of the CCP printed and distributed "about Strengthen Young people Sports , Strengthen Young people Physique Opinion" the document, the document pointed out that, "current and next time, we had to carry out the guiding ideology 'earnestly health first', established the perfect school sports work mechanism, guaranteed fully the school physical education and the spare sports, raised the young people good physical exercise custom and the health life style, formed the young people to deeply love the sports, the health atmosphere and treasures the health, Widely develops "national trillion student sunlight sports', encourages the student to move towards the drill ground, to enter the nature, arrives under the sunlight, forms the physical exercise upsurge of the young people", "guaranteed the student exercise every day for an hour, each student participates extracurricular physical exercise at least three time each week ",it provide a very good turning point and the platform for the young people to participate in the extracurricular physical exercise, and carry out the extracurricular physical exercise for the school to pour into the new vitality and the vigor widely and thoroughly.
Therefore, the function of school sports becomes prominent day by day under such policy background, the duty of school sports also becomes even more clear, not only the school extracurricular physical exercise is a hot spot ,all the people enhance the physique through the positive bodily activity, it is the important lifelong physical culture link, not only builds the good physique foundation for the lifelong physical culture, but also raises the general student lifelong physical culture consciousness, the custom and ability. We must know the status and the function of the extracurricular physical exercise in school, put into the policy of the Party and the nation comprehensively, take greets in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games as the turning point, further stimulate them the sense of participation in the sports, raises their health consciousness and the behavior, cultivate the qualified constructor and the successor who raises the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics for serving the modernization.
This article utilizes literature research techniques, questionnaire survey procedure, contrast analytic method and so on material law, carry on the diagnosis of the present situation that the university student in Shandong Province participated in the extracurricular physical exercise , has drawn following conclusion in the research process:
1.The Shandong Province university student participates in the extracurricular physical training the motive quite to be explicit also the trend multiplication, the manner quite is positive, some 66.86% all can positive participate in the extracurricular physical training on own initiative in the school university students, hoped through the physical training, the enhancement physique, reduces in the study life the pressure, enriches own extra-curricular life, but still had outside 33.14% university student antitheses the physical training is interested very much, simultaneously the male student and the female student has the remarkable difference in the participation extracurricular physical training motive and the manner.
2.Shandong Province university student extracurricular physical training various formats, the content is rich, a some 8% student alone person participates in the extracurricular physical training frequently, some 78% student and schoolmate participate in the extracurricular physical training together, some 14% student only then organize unification only then participates, moreover also has part of students to participate in the extracurricular physical training to have certain blindness, does not have the plan, lacks the science reasonable arrangement, the management relaxation also creates the sports consciousness the deviation and the drop.
3. Affects the Shandong Province university student extracurricular physical training the factor is various, when mainly the study pressure high time insufficiency, the location equipment lack, the surfer consumes many, the organization and the instruction are short of and so on, between the different sex, the grade and the series have the difference., The university sports facilities funds investment insufficiency, sports facilities construction quantity, the sports facilities standard is somewhat low, is seriously restricting the sports facilities construction development, in the Shandong Province university's most rooms the sports facility and the part open-air sports location all implements "the charge policy", weakened to a great extent participated in the extracurricular physical training in the school university student the interest.
4. The Shandong Province university as a result of the sports facility, sports factor and so on teaching facility, school type differences, has caused the difference which the sports community realizes, had decided the campus sports culture atmosphere insufficiently is thick, actively, has restricted student's sports knowledge, technical, the skill study, affected the student to organizeability, movement ability, the self-exercise ability enhancement.
5. The Shandong Province university sports worker propagandizes, work dynamics and so on theeducation, instruction is insufficient, the extracurricular physical training only is limits the studentin the campus, is at under the seal condition, produced with the family sports and the social sportsseparates, has created both in the goal, the content, form coming apart, did not favor all the peoplehealth sports the popularization and the lifelong physical culture development.
引文
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[1]刘小学.对高校大学生参加课外体育活动现状的调查及对策研究[J].辽宁体育科技.2003(3):64-65
[2]王华倬,刘玫瑾等.我国大学生课余体育锻炼现状的调查分析[J].北京体育大学学报.2002(1):89-91
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[5]张帆.关于加强大学生课余体育锻炼机型应管理的思考[J].黄河水利职业技术学院学报,2004(4):76-78
[6]徐定国,李国泰.加强课余体育锻炼管理的意义[J].体育学刊,2002(3):69-71
[7]彭彦铭.湖北省高校大学生参与课余体育活动的现状调查与对策[J].湖北师范学院学报.2003(3):94-95
[8]尹征辉,王承杰.辽宁省高校大学生参与课余体育活动的调查研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2004(12):848-849
[9]张大超,彭金洲,张瑞江.中外现代大型体育场馆管理体制的比较[J].体育学刊,2004(3):121
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[12]郭建强.大学生课外体育锻炼形式和动机的调查与分析[J].四川体育科学,2003(4):30-31
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[14]宋英杰.对大学生体育组织能力及其培养的探讨[J].西南科技大学《高教研 究》,2005(2):68-70
[15]李淑芳.对大学生终身体育观念培养的新思考[J].辽宁体育科技,2004(1):78-79
[16]姜桂萍.对高校课外体育锻炼弹性管理之研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005(9):1241-1243
[17]龙和文.对普通高校学生体育行为管理的思考[J].山西体育科技,2006(3):56-58
[18]赵迪芳.高校课外体育活动的管理模式[J].上海体育学院学报,2000(增刊):114-115
[19]吴冰.高校课外体育活动的管理与改革初探[J].福建体育科技,2001(4):44-46
[20]王正树,佟贵锋,金若中.高校课外体育活动模式研究[J].上海体育学院学报,2000(增刊):110-112
[21]郁俊.高校面向未来开展课外体育活动的对策[J].北京体育大学学报,2000(4):511-513
[22]曹可强.高校体育场地的社会开放策略[J].体育学刊,2004(2):86-87
[23]李燕秋.高校体育场馆的经营管理[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报,2004(6):143-144
[24]张铁明.高校体育场馆的现状与运营对策[J].河北体育学院学报,2002(3):70-71
[25]刘萍,严春辉,路旭东.高校体育场馆发展中存在的问题及解决对策[J].体育成人教育学刊,2004(2):47,85
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[1]刘小学.对高校大学生参加课外体育活动现状的调查及对策研究[J].辽宁体育科技.2003(3):64-65
[2]王华倬,刘玫瑾等.我国大学生课余体育锻炼现状的调查分析[J].北京体育大学学报.2002(1):89-91
[3]祝蓓里.体育心理学[M].高等教育出版社.2000(3):41
[4]田新民,朱静芬,黄竟彦.现代弹性管理理论的初探[J].上海管理科学,2004(1)
[5]张帆.关于加强大学生课余体育锻炼机型应管理的思考[J].黄河水利职业技术学院学报,2004(4):76-78
[6]徐定国,李国泰.加强课余体育锻炼管理的意义[J].体育学刊,2002(3):69-71
[7]彭彦铭.湖北省高校大学生参与课余体育活动的现状调查与对策[J].湖北师范学院学报.2003(3):94-95
[8]尹征辉,王承杰.辽宁省高校大学生参与课余体育活动的调查研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2004(12):848-849
[9]张大超,彭金洲,张瑞江.中外现代大型体育场馆管理体制的比较[J].体育学刊,2004(3):121
[10]杨寿雨,刘福军.普通高校课余体育社会化思考[J].赤峰学院学报,2005(3):60-61
[10]阮玲霞.从全民健身计划的实施谈高校课外体育活动的开展[J].杭州电子工业学院学报,2000(5):92-94
[11]金程.从我校大学生课外体育活动调查分析 看高校课外体育管理[J].中国学校体育,2004(6):45-46
[12]郭建强.大学生课外体育锻炼形式和动机的调查与分析[J].四川体育科学,2003(4):30-31
[13]鲁国斌.大学生课余体育生活动机及其影响因素研究[J].青海师范大学学报,2004(1):82-85
[14]宋英杰.对大学生体育组织能力及其培养的探讨[J].西南科技大学《高教研 究》,2005(2):68-70
[15]李淑芳.对大学生终身体育观念培养的新思考[J].辽宁体育科技,2004(1):78-79
[16]姜桂萍.对高校课外体育锻炼弹性管理之研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005(9):1241-1243
[17]龙和文.对普通高校学生体育行为管理的思考[J].山西体育科技,2006(3):56-58
[18]赵迪芳.高校课外体育活动的管理模式[J].上海体育学院学报,2000(增刊):114-115
[19]吴冰.高校课外体育活动的管理与改革初探[J].福建体育科技,2001(4):44-46
[20]王正树,佟贵锋,金若中.高校课外体育活动模式研究[J].上海体育学院学报,2000(增刊):110-112
[21]郁俊.高校面向未来开展课外体育活动的对策[J].北京体育大学学报,2000(4):511-513
[22]曹可强.高校体育场地的社会开放策略[J].体育学刊,2004(2):86-87
[23]李燕秋.高校体育场馆的经营管理[J].淮北煤炭师范学院学报,2004(6):143-144
[24]张铁明.高校体育场馆的现状与运营对策[J].河北体育学院学报,2002(3):70-71
[25]刘萍,严春辉,路旭东.高校体育场馆发展中存在的问题及解决对策[J].体育成人教育学刊,2004(2):47,85
[26]陆红.高校体育场馆建设及管理[J].中国西部科技,2006(1):61-62
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[29]李平,张占平.构建课外体育活动新模式[J].彭城职业大学学报,2003(4):81-82
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