大位移井钻柱振动规律及其应用
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摘要
钻井实践表明，在钻井过程中钻柱的振动是不可避免的。轻微的横向、轴向及扭转振动不影响钻井的正常作业，而钻柱的共振状态会对钻井产生严重的影响。跳钻、大幅度的粘滑扭转振动以及剧烈的横向振动及涡动不仅会影响钻井速度，还容易使钻柱疲劳破坏，诱发钻井事故，大大增加了钻井成本和风险。本文针对大位移井钻柱疲劳的严重问题，分析了大位移井钻柱共振规律。以大位移井钻柱的部分或整体为研究对象，提出了钻井各种动态问题，建立了钻柱的各种动态行为的力学模型。重点分析了直井段钻进的过程和水平井段钻井过程的钻柱振动情况。分别分析了钻柱的横向振动、轴向振动、扭转振动。对于大位移井的直升段的钻进要求很高，减少振动及避免振动对钻井的干扰很重要，分析过程中采用线性分析的方法，获得了钻柱的共振频率的分布规律；对于大位移水平井段钻柱的振动问题分析，重点分析了钻柱的横向振动、扭转振动以及扭转粘滑振动和钻柱的轴向的振动，并获得了各种振动的共振频率的分布。大位移井钻柱的横向振动和扭转振动利用线性微元法，对于轴向振动的分析是：沿着轴线将钻柱离散为若干个二维杆单元，用动力有限元法进行振动分析，得到了整体钻柱结构的轴向振动方程。在分析水平井段钻柱的振动时，结合实际情况考虑了泥浆的粘滞阻力对钻柱的质量进行了修正。应用Visual Basic(VB)软件对一些复杂的数学问题进行运算并获得结果，结果表明，计算结果与实际问题基本吻合。本文的分析切合实际，对直井及大位移井钻柱因振动而引起的动态问题的分析提供依据，具有工程使用价值。
The practice indicates, the drill string vibration is inevitably. Light lateral and axis and torsion vibrations do not affect the normal work, but the resonance state has severity effect to drill string. Jumping bit, stick-slip, torsion and big swing lateral vibration not only affect drill rate but also place premiums on accident. The drill string resonance rules are analyzed through aiming at drill string serious fatigue of Extend Reach Well (ERW) in this paper. The drill string of ERW is taken as research object, the dynamic problem is brought forward during making hole, and the mechanics model about each dynamic action is established. The drill string free vibration is analyzed about straight part and horizontal part especially. The drill string lateral vibration, axial vibration and tensional vibration are analyzed respectively. The straight part must be very straight, it is very important that vibration is reduced and avoid the vibration interfere to making hole, the linear dynamic finite element method
is found, the distributing rule of resonance frequency is obtained; As for ERW vibration analysed,Then lateral vibration and tensional stick-slip vibration are analyzed mostly, the result is give, the axial vibration is analyzed with finite element method through divided the drill string into many units, then the total dynamic equation is obtained, the liquid friction is considered and the mass is modified. Some complicated moths calculates is finished with VB and the result is obtained, the result shows that the calculated result is suited for the practical problem basically. The analyze of this paper is based on the practice, it can provide bases to Straight Well as well as ERW drill string dynamic problem, it is valuable in engineering.
The practice indicates, the drill string vibration is inevitably. Light lateral and axis and torsion vibrations do not affect the normal work, but the resonance state has severity effect to drill string. Jumping bit, stick-slip, torsion and big swing lateral vibration not only affect drill rate but also place premiums on accident. The drill string resonance rules are analyzed through aiming at drill string serious fatigue of Extend Reach Well (ERW) in this paper. The drill string of ERW is taken as research object, the dynamic problem is brought forward during making hole, and the mechanics model about each dynamic action is established. The drill string free vibration is analyzed about straight part and horizontal part especially. The drill string lateral vibration, axial vibration and tensional vibration are analyzed respectively. The straight part must be very straight, it is very important that vibration is reduced and avoid the vibration interfere to making hole, the linear dynamic finite element method
is found, the distributing rule of resonance frequency is obtained; As for ERW vibration analysed,Then lateral vibration and tensional stick-slip vibration are analyzed mostly, the result is give, the axial vibration is analyzed with finite element method through divided the drill string into many units, then the total dynamic equation is obtained, the liquid friction is considered and the mass is modified. Some complicated moths calculates is finished with VB and the result is obtained, the result shows that the calculated result is suited for the practical problem basically. The analyze of this paper is based on the practice, it can provide bases to Straight Well as well as ERW drill string dynamic problem, it is valuable in engineering.
引文
1．李克向，周煜辉，苏义脑，徐云英等．国外大位移井钻井技术．石油工业出版社，1998(10)：111～113
2．周守为，张均，姜伟，蒋世全．大位移井钻井技术极其在渤海湾油田的应用．石油工业出版社，2002(12)：199～222
3．A. Lubiski等．《钻井的防斜理论和方法》．中国工业出版社，1965：27～45
4.Finnie I, Bailey JJ. An Experimental Study of Drill String Vibration. J. of Engr. For Industry, Tran. of the ASME, May 1960
5.Bailey JJ, Finnie I. An Analytical Study of Drill String Vibration. J. for Industry, Tran. of the ASME, May 1960
6.Dareing DW, Livesay BH. Longitudinal and Angular Drill String Vibration With Damping. Page NO. 68-Pet-30mPresented at Petroleum Mechanical Engineering and First Pressure Vessel and Piping Conferece, Dallas, TX, Sept.1968
7.G.Heisig, M. Neubert. lateral drillstring vibration in Extended-Reach WellS. Society of Petroleum Engineers, IADC／SPE 59235
8.Dunayevsky, V. A., Judzis, A., Mills, W. H. :"Dynamic Stability of Drillstrings Under Fluctating Weight-on-Bit", paper SPE 14329 presented at the 60~th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE, LaS VegaS, Nevada, Spet. 22-25, 1985
9.Vandiver JK, etal. Case Studies of the Bending Vibration and Whirling Motion of Drill Collars. SPE／IADC 18652
10.Mitchell RF, Allen MB. Case Studies of BHA Vibration Failure. SPE 16675
11.Skaugen E. The Effects of Quasi-Random Drill Bit Vibration Upon Drillstring Dyanmic Bahavior. SPE 16660
12.Dawson, R. lin, Y. Q., and Spanos, P. D., "Drill String Stick-Slip Oscillations", Spring Conference of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, Houston, Texas, June 14-19,1987
13.Kyllingstad, A. and Halsey, G. W., "A Study of Slip-Stick Motion of the Bit", SPE16659, 62nd Annual Techical Conference and Exhibit of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas,TX September 27-30,1987
14．赵国珍，龚伟安．钻井力学基础．石油工业出版社，1988(2)：101～112
15．章扬烈．钻柱运动学与动力学．石油工业出版社，2000(5)：11～18．
16．王珍应，林建，施太和，黄瑞瑶．钻柱振动特性分析与井底岩性识别方法初探．钻采工艺，2000，23(6)
17．帅健，蔡强康，吕英民．大斜度井中钻柱的有限元分析．石油机械，1995，23(3)：25～29
18．阎铁．优选参数钻井理论与实践．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1994：21～35．
19．陈涛平，胡靖邦．石油工程．石油工业出版社，2000(2)：50～103
20.D. H. Van Campen and W. J. G. Keultjes. Stick-Slip Whirl Interaction in Drill String Dynamics. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, April 2002, VOl. 124: 209～220
21．荷淑芷，陈启流．数学物理方法．华南理工大学出版社，1997：39～72
22.Dykstra, M. W.:" Non-Linear Drill String Dynamics", PhD-Dissertation, University of TUlsa, Oklahoma, 1996
23.Payne, M. l.: "Drilling Bottom-Hole Assembly Dynamics", PhD-Dissertation, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 1992.
24.Jogi, P. N., Macpherson, J. D., Neubert, M.: "Field Verification of Model Derived Natual Frequencies of a Drill String", paper ETCE99-6648 presented at the Energy Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, Feb. 1-4, Houston, Texas, 1999.
26．蔡亚系，施太和，王幼金．连续油管柱振动分析．西南石油学院学报，Vol．20 No Feb 1998：59～60
27．刘清友，马德坤，钟青．钻柱扭转振动模型的建立及求解．石油学报，Vol．21 No．2 March 2000：78～82．
28.D. S. Sophianopoulos, G. T. Michaltsos. COMBINED TORSIONAL-LATERAL VIBTATION OF BEAM UNDER. VEHICULAR LOADING. I. The sientific jourmal FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, Vol. 2, No 9,1999: 877～886
29.V. S. Dubinsky and D. R. Baecker. An Interactive Drilling Dynamics Simulator for Drilling Optimization and Training. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 49205: 639～648
30．黄根炉，韩志勇．大位移井钻柱粘滑振动机理分析及减振研究．石油钻探技术，2001，29(2)：4～6
31. G.W. Halsey, A. Kyllingstad and A. Kylling. Torque Feedback used to Cure SLip-stick Motion. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 18049: 277～282
32．黄根炉，韩志勇．大位移井钻柱扭转振动顶部扭矩负反馈减振研究．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol．25 No．5 Oct．2001：32～36
33．陆伟民，刘雁．结构动力学极其应用．同济大学出版社，1996(6)：41～122
34.Heisig, G., Sancho, J., Macpherson, J.D. : "Downhole Diagnosis of Drilling Dynamics Data Provides New Level Drilling Process Control to Driller", paper SPE 49206 prepared for presentation at the 1998 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in New Orleans, planned for Sept 27～30, 1998.
35．楼一珊．深井钻柱临界转速的计算方法．钻采工业，第22卷第4期1999：3～5
36．朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．中国水利水电出版社，2000(8)：1～54
37.Bathe, K. : " Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis" , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs/NJ. 1982.
38．朱宝华．杆系结构理论．同济大学出版社，1993(5)：421～471
39．杨海波，赵新瑞，侧钻水平井钻柱动力学分析及应用．石油钻采工艺，2001，23(3)：24～27
40.S. taylor, A. Besson, D. Minto, I. Mampuk. Unique PDC Bit Technologies Combine to Consistently Reduce Drilling Time in Interbedded Formations. Society of Petroleum Engineers IADC/SPE 47778: 75～82
41．张武辇．中国南海三口八千米大位移井钻井实践．(中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司)，2001
42.Burgess, T. M., McDaniel, G. L., Das, P. K.: "Improving BHA Tool Reliability With Drillstring Vibration Models: Field Experience and Limitations", paper SPE/IADC 16109 presented at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 15～18,1987
43．李鹤林，．李平全，冯耀荣．石油钻柱失效分析及预防．石油工业出版社，1999(12)：214～220
44．石晓兵．大位移井中利用钻柱旋转作用清除岩屑床的机理研究．天然气工业，2000，20(2)
45．李子丰，李相方，单志刚．海底大位移井井眼净化程度和卡钻可能性监测．石油钻探技术，2000，28(5)：5～6
2．周守为，张均，姜伟，蒋世全．大位移井钻井技术极其在渤海湾油田的应用．石油工业出版社，2002(12)：199～222
3．A. Lubiski等．《钻井的防斜理论和方法》．中国工业出版社，1965：27～45
4.Finnie I, Bailey JJ. An Experimental Study of Drill String Vibration. J. of Engr. For Industry, Tran. of the ASME, May 1960
5.Bailey JJ, Finnie I. An Analytical Study of Drill String Vibration. J. for Industry, Tran. of the ASME, May 1960
6.Dareing DW, Livesay BH. Longitudinal and Angular Drill String Vibration With Damping. Page NO. 68-Pet-30mPresented at Petroleum Mechanical Engineering and First Pressure Vessel and Piping Conferece, Dallas, TX, Sept.1968
7.G.Heisig, M. Neubert. lateral drillstring vibration in Extended-Reach WellS. Society of Petroleum Engineers, IADC／SPE 59235
8.Dunayevsky, V. A., Judzis, A., Mills, W. H. :"Dynamic Stability of Drillstrings Under Fluctating Weight-on-Bit", paper SPE 14329 presented at the 60~th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE, LaS VegaS, Nevada, Spet. 22-25, 1985
9.Vandiver JK, etal. Case Studies of the Bending Vibration and Whirling Motion of Drill Collars. SPE／IADC 18652
10.Mitchell RF, Allen MB. Case Studies of BHA Vibration Failure. SPE 16675
11.Skaugen E. The Effects of Quasi-Random Drill Bit Vibration Upon Drillstring Dyanmic Bahavior. SPE 16660
12.Dawson, R. lin, Y. Q., and Spanos, P. D., "Drill String Stick-Slip Oscillations", Spring Conference of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, Houston, Texas, June 14-19,1987
13.Kyllingstad, A. and Halsey, G. W., "A Study of Slip-Stick Motion of the Bit", SPE16659, 62nd Annual Techical Conference and Exhibit of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas,TX September 27-30,1987
14．赵国珍，龚伟安．钻井力学基础．石油工业出版社，1988(2)：101～112
15．章扬烈．钻柱运动学与动力学．石油工业出版社，2000(5)：11～18．
16．王珍应，林建，施太和，黄瑞瑶．钻柱振动特性分析与井底岩性识别方法初探．钻采工艺，2000，23(6)
17．帅健，蔡强康，吕英民．大斜度井中钻柱的有限元分析．石油机械，1995，23(3)：25～29
18．阎铁．优选参数钻井理论与实践．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1994：21～35．
19．陈涛平，胡靖邦．石油工程．石油工业出版社，2000(2)：50～103
20.D. H. Van Campen and W. J. G. Keultjes. Stick-Slip Whirl Interaction in Drill String Dynamics. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, April 2002, VOl. 124: 209～220
21．荷淑芷，陈启流．数学物理方法．华南理工大学出版社，1997：39～72
22.Dykstra, M. W.:" Non-Linear Drill String Dynamics", PhD-Dissertation, University of TUlsa, Oklahoma, 1996
23.Payne, M. l.: "Drilling Bottom-Hole Assembly Dynamics", PhD-Dissertation, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 1992.
24.Jogi, P. N., Macpherson, J. D., Neubert, M.: "Field Verification of Model Derived Natual Frequencies of a Drill String", paper ETCE99-6648 presented at the Energy Sources Technology Conference and Exhibition, Feb. 1-4, Houston, Texas, 1999.
26．蔡亚系，施太和，王幼金．连续油管柱振动分析．西南石油学院学报，Vol．20 No Feb 1998：59～60
27．刘清友，马德坤，钟青．钻柱扭转振动模型的建立及求解．石油学报，Vol．21 No．2 March 2000：78～82．
28.D. S. Sophianopoulos, G. T. Michaltsos. COMBINED TORSIONAL-LATERAL VIBTATION OF BEAM UNDER. VEHICULAR LOADING. I. The sientific jourmal FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, Vol. 2, No 9,1999: 877～886
29.V. S. Dubinsky and D. R. Baecker. An Interactive Drilling Dynamics Simulator for Drilling Optimization and Training. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 49205: 639～648
30．黄根炉，韩志勇．大位移井钻柱粘滑振动机理分析及减振研究．石油钻探技术，2001，29(2)：4～6
31. G.W. Halsey, A. Kyllingstad and A. Kylling. Torque Feedback used to Cure SLip-stick Motion. Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 18049: 277～282
32．黄根炉，韩志勇．大位移井钻柱扭转振动顶部扭矩负反馈减振研究．石油大学学报(自然科学版)，Vol．25 No．5 Oct．2001：32～36
33．陆伟民，刘雁．结构动力学极其应用．同济大学出版社，1996(6)：41～122
34.Heisig, G., Sancho, J., Macpherson, J.D. : "Downhole Diagnosis of Drilling Dynamics Data Provides New Level Drilling Process Control to Driller", paper SPE 49206 prepared for presentation at the 1998 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in New Orleans, planned for Sept 27～30, 1998.
35．楼一珊．深井钻柱临界转速的计算方法．钻采工业，第22卷第4期1999：3～5
36．朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．中国水利水电出版社，2000(8)：1～54
37.Bathe, K. : " Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis" , Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs/NJ. 1982.
38．朱宝华．杆系结构理论．同济大学出版社，1993(5)：421～471
39．杨海波，赵新瑞，侧钻水平井钻柱动力学分析及应用．石油钻采工艺，2001，23(3)：24～27
40.S. taylor, A. Besson, D. Minto, I. Mampuk. Unique PDC Bit Technologies Combine to Consistently Reduce Drilling Time in Interbedded Formations. Society of Petroleum Engineers IADC/SPE 47778: 75～82
41．张武辇．中国南海三口八千米大位移井钻井实践．(中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司)，2001
42.Burgess, T. M., McDaniel, G. L., Das, P. K.: "Improving BHA Tool Reliability With Drillstring Vibration Models: Field Experience and Limitations", paper SPE/IADC 16109 presented at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 15～18,1987
43．李鹤林，．李平全，冯耀荣．石油钻柱失效分析及预防．石油工业出版社，1999(12)：214～220
44．石晓兵．大位移井中利用钻柱旋转作用清除岩屑床的机理研究．天然气工业，2000，20(2)
45．李子丰，李相方，单志刚．海底大位移井井眼净化程度和卡钻可能性监测．石油钻探技术，2000，28(5)：5～6