双轴向经编柔性复合材料多轴向力学性能研究
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摘要
柔性复合材料由于具有很好的柔性和力学性能,广泛用于各种领域,如运输、防护、民用建筑、军用帐篷等。传统的柔性复合材料的增强体常采用机织物,近年来,双轴向经编织物由于具有生产速度快、较好的拉伸性能、抗撕裂性能等优点越来越广泛地用做涂层织物的增强体。在双轴向经编结构中,平行伸直、无卷曲的纱线可以垂直地或以所需的角度引入织物结构中,这种结构的重要特点是经向和纬向衬入纱本身并不交织,而仅由经编地组织纱线束缚。因此,它与机织物增强柔性复合材料的力学性能有较大差别。
柔性复合材料在实际使用过程中通常承担双轴向及多轴向负荷。并且在实际施工及使用过程中常常由于基层纤维有折痕或者尖锐异物的刮擦造成局部微小裂口,在长期张拉应力下,这些裂纹会逐渐扩展延伸,最终即使在低于极限强度的情况下,也会发生断裂破坏。
本论文对双轴向经编柔性复合材料的单轴向、双轴向及多轴向拉伸性能进行试验研究。对材料的破坏和损伤情况进行详细的表征和分析,研究复合材料应力应变曲线在单向拉伸、双向拉伸及多向拉伸条件下力学性能之间的关系及其趋势。对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单向拉伸、双向拉伸及多向拉伸的破坏机理分别进行了比较分析与阐述。发现了双轴向经编柔性复合材料双向拉伸和多向拉伸时的力学行为和规律。这些研究工作将人们对双轴向经编柔性复合材料力学性能的认识由单向推进到双向及多向。同时为建立其本构关系提供更加充分的依据。
对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单轴向拉伸载荷下舌形撕裂、梯形撕裂、中心开缝撕裂进行了比较试验,研究了三者撕裂方法之间的相关性,分析了三种撕裂方法下材料的破坏机理。对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单轴向、双轴向及多轴向拉伸条件下进行开缝撕裂试验。并对材料的破坏和损伤情况进行详细的表征和分析,研究复合材料开缝与未开缝之间的力学行为表现,研究复合材料在单向、双向及多向拉伸载荷条件下开缝撕裂性能之间的影响关系及其趋势。对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单向拉伸、双向拉伸及多向拉伸载荷下开缝撕裂的破坏机理进行了系统的分析与阐述。
最后,本文采用有限元方法,通过建立有限元模型,利用计算机对双轴向经编柔性复合材料的双轴向及多轴向拉伸进行理论研究,使用复合材料在单轴向拉伸试验所得数据来预测复合材料在双轴向及多轴向拉伸载荷下的力学性能,并与实验结果进行对比验证。
对双轴向经编柔性复合材料的撕裂机理进行深入研究,利用有限元方法进行力学模型的建立,采用单轴向拉伸所得试样数据预测复合材料在双轴向及多轴向拉伸载荷下开缝撕裂力学性能,模拟结果与实验数据相吻合。利用有限元分析方法不仅可以模拟现在试验可以测试的加载比率下复合材料的应力应变规律,而且可以模拟目前试验无法完成的各种不同加载比率下的应力应变曲线。
Flexible composite have widely been used in different fields such as transportation, protection and civil construction, military and so on, due to their very good flexibility and mechanical performance. Traditional flexible composites are based on the woven structures. However, the flexible composites based on the biaxial warp knitted structures have rapidly been developed in the recent years. Besides higher production compared to woven structures, the biaxial warp knitted structures also provide better mechanical properties in tension and tearing propagation resistance. In a biaxial warp knitted structure, straight and un-crimped yarns are respectively inserted in the warp (90°) and weft (0°) directions in order to enhance their in-plane mechanical properties. The most important structural feature of a biaxial warp knitted structure is that the warp and weft yarns are only bound by knitted loops and are not interlaced among them. Because of this particular structural feature, the mechanical behaviors of flexibility composite based on the coated biaxial warp knitted fabrics could be different from those of woven fabrics.
In the practical applications, the flexible composites normally withstand simultaneous loads coming from biaxial loads or multi-axial loads. In addition, little cracks could occasionally be produced by contacting with pointed objects or under undesired mechanical actions during transportation, installation or utilization. The existence of cracks can result in the reduction. of mechanical performance of the coated fabrics.
The present study deals with the experimental investigation of tensile properties of PVC coated flexible biaxial warp knitted composites which are subjected to mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads. The mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed and characterized in details. The stress-strain curves and failure mechanisms of the samples under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were compared. Understanding of the mechanical behavior of the flexible composites was extended from mono-axial to bi-axial and multi-axial fields. The mono-axial testing has offered necessary data foundation and constitutive model for the following FEM analysis.
The tearing behaviors of the composites were studied by using three different tearing methods, i.e., Trapezoidal, Tongue and Precracked tearing. The correlations among the results obtained from these different tearing methods were established. The typical tearing load-extension curves and the influences of different tearing testing conditions were analyzed. The precracked tearing testing results of the composites under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were compared. The mechanical properties of flexible composite with and without initial cracks under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were studied. The precracked tearing failure mechanisms of the composites under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were analyzed and developed.
Finally, the finite element analysis method was used to simulate the tensile behavior of the composites under bi-axial and multi-axial loads based on the testing data of mono-axial testing results. The FEM models were developed. The stress-strain relationship based on the FEM models were calculated. The calculating results from FEM models were compared with the experimental results.
The finite element analysis method was also used to simulate the precracked tearing behavior of the flexible composites under bi-axial and multi-axial loads. The tearing behavior, particularly the influence of crack length and direction under biaxial tensile loads was simulated. Using finite element analysis method can simulate not only the stress-strain curves of the flexible composite under bi-axial and multi-axial loads for a given load ratio which can tested by instrument, but also the stress-strain behavior of the flexible composite under bi-axial and multi-axial loads for a given load ratio which can not tested by instrument.
柔性复合材料在实际使用过程中通常承担双轴向及多轴向负荷。并且在实际施工及使用过程中常常由于基层纤维有折痕或者尖锐异物的刮擦造成局部微小裂口,在长期张拉应力下,这些裂纹会逐渐扩展延伸,最终即使在低于极限强度的情况下,也会发生断裂破坏。
本论文对双轴向经编柔性复合材料的单轴向、双轴向及多轴向拉伸性能进行试验研究。对材料的破坏和损伤情况进行详细的表征和分析,研究复合材料应力应变曲线在单向拉伸、双向拉伸及多向拉伸条件下力学性能之间的关系及其趋势。对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单向拉伸、双向拉伸及多向拉伸的破坏机理分别进行了比较分析与阐述。发现了双轴向经编柔性复合材料双向拉伸和多向拉伸时的力学行为和规律。这些研究工作将人们对双轴向经编柔性复合材料力学性能的认识由单向推进到双向及多向。同时为建立其本构关系提供更加充分的依据。
对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单轴向拉伸载荷下舌形撕裂、梯形撕裂、中心开缝撕裂进行了比较试验,研究了三者撕裂方法之间的相关性,分析了三种撕裂方法下材料的破坏机理。对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单轴向、双轴向及多轴向拉伸条件下进行开缝撕裂试验。并对材料的破坏和损伤情况进行详细的表征和分析,研究复合材料开缝与未开缝之间的力学行为表现,研究复合材料在单向、双向及多向拉伸载荷条件下开缝撕裂性能之间的影响关系及其趋势。对双轴向经编柔性复合材料在单向拉伸、双向拉伸及多向拉伸载荷下开缝撕裂的破坏机理进行了系统的分析与阐述。
最后,本文采用有限元方法,通过建立有限元模型,利用计算机对双轴向经编柔性复合材料的双轴向及多轴向拉伸进行理论研究,使用复合材料在单轴向拉伸试验所得数据来预测复合材料在双轴向及多轴向拉伸载荷下的力学性能,并与实验结果进行对比验证。
对双轴向经编柔性复合材料的撕裂机理进行深入研究,利用有限元方法进行力学模型的建立,采用单轴向拉伸所得试样数据预测复合材料在双轴向及多轴向拉伸载荷下开缝撕裂力学性能,模拟结果与实验数据相吻合。利用有限元分析方法不仅可以模拟现在试验可以测试的加载比率下复合材料的应力应变规律,而且可以模拟目前试验无法完成的各种不同加载比率下的应力应变曲线。
Flexible composite have widely been used in different fields such as transportation, protection and civil construction, military and so on, due to their very good flexibility and mechanical performance. Traditional flexible composites are based on the woven structures. However, the flexible composites based on the biaxial warp knitted structures have rapidly been developed in the recent years. Besides higher production compared to woven structures, the biaxial warp knitted structures also provide better mechanical properties in tension and tearing propagation resistance. In a biaxial warp knitted structure, straight and un-crimped yarns are respectively inserted in the warp (90°) and weft (0°) directions in order to enhance their in-plane mechanical properties. The most important structural feature of a biaxial warp knitted structure is that the warp and weft yarns are only bound by knitted loops and are not interlaced among them. Because of this particular structural feature, the mechanical behaviors of flexibility composite based on the coated biaxial warp knitted fabrics could be different from those of woven fabrics.
In the practical applications, the flexible composites normally withstand simultaneous loads coming from biaxial loads or multi-axial loads. In addition, little cracks could occasionally be produced by contacting with pointed objects or under undesired mechanical actions during transportation, installation or utilization. The existence of cracks can result in the reduction. of mechanical performance of the coated fabrics.
The present study deals with the experimental investigation of tensile properties of PVC coated flexible biaxial warp knitted composites which are subjected to mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads. The mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed and characterized in details. The stress-strain curves and failure mechanisms of the samples under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were compared. Understanding of the mechanical behavior of the flexible composites was extended from mono-axial to bi-axial and multi-axial fields. The mono-axial testing has offered necessary data foundation and constitutive model for the following FEM analysis.
The tearing behaviors of the composites were studied by using three different tearing methods, i.e., Trapezoidal, Tongue and Precracked tearing. The correlations among the results obtained from these different tearing methods were established. The typical tearing load-extension curves and the influences of different tearing testing conditions were analyzed. The precracked tearing testing results of the composites under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were compared. The mechanical properties of flexible composite with and without initial cracks under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were studied. The precracked tearing failure mechanisms of the composites under mono-axial, bi-axial and multi-axial loads were analyzed and developed.
Finally, the finite element analysis method was used to simulate the tensile behavior of the composites under bi-axial and multi-axial loads based on the testing data of mono-axial testing results. The FEM models were developed. The stress-strain relationship based on the FEM models were calculated. The calculating results from FEM models were compared with the experimental results.
The finite element analysis method was also used to simulate the precracked tearing behavior of the flexible composites under bi-axial and multi-axial loads. The tearing behavior, particularly the influence of crack length and direction under biaxial tensile loads was simulated. Using finite element analysis method can simulate not only the stress-strain curves of the flexible composite under bi-axial and multi-axial loads for a given load ratio which can tested by instrument, but also the stress-strain behavior of the flexible composite under bi-axial and multi-axial loads for a given load ratio which can not tested by instrument.
引文
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