基于嵌入式Linux的汽车全数字仪表界面的设计
摘要
汽车仪表是汽车在行驶过程中提供给驾驶员最直观、最重要的信息交流窗口，同时对汽车的安全和经济行驶起着至关重要的作用。
随着嵌入式系统的硬件平台技术和软件应用的发展不断趋于成熟，汽车仪表系统的设计开始采用了嵌入式GUI技术。本课题结合嵌入式Linux操作系统和嵌入式GUI技术，设计了一个基本汽车全数字仪表的界面，并对车速表、转速表、燃油表和水温表的界面进行进一步的设计。为了观看汽车仪表界面在嵌入式硬件平台上的显示和运行效果，最后进行了模拟测试程序的设计。
本课题的设计是基于性价比较高的S3C2440为核心处理器的嵌入式硬件平台，以嵌入式Linux为操作系统，以Qt/Embedded为嵌入式GUI开发工具，以3.5寸LCD液晶屏作为汽车仪表系统的显示终端。在系统架构分析的基础上，详述了汽车全数字仪表界面的硬件平台；搭建嵌入式Linux操作系统，主要包括BootLoader移植、Linux Kernel的裁剪与移植、根文件系统的定制；构建Qt开发环境，主要是PC开发环境和Qt交叉编译环境的搭建，完成Qt/Embedded在Mini2440上的移植；添加嵌入式Linux系统下的相关硬件驱动程序，主要是LCD显示和触摸屏驱动程序。在软硬件平台都搭建好的基础上，进行汽车仪表终端界面的开发。
Automotive dashboard is the process of the car in motion to provide the driver intuitionand important information exchange window, at the same time, it plays a vital role for car'ssecurity and economic driving.
With the development of embedded hardware platform and software applications, thedesign of automotive dashboard systems start using the embedded GUI. Combiningembedded Linux operating system with embedded GUI technology, the subject designs abasic interface of a car on digital dashboard, and something on the speedometer,tachometer, fuel gauge and water temperature meter interface. In order to watch the carinterface display on embedded hardware platform and the operating results, we finally goon the design of the simulation test program.
The design of this project is embedded hardware platform based on the higher cost ofS3C2440core processor with embedded Linux operating system. It uses Qt/Embedded asthe embedded GUI development tools, the3.5-inch LCD screen as a car dashboard displayterminal. On the basis of the analysis of system architecture, it tells the details of thehardware platform of the car all-digital instrument interface; Build-up of embedded Linuxoperating system, including the production of the BootLoader transplantation, LinuxKernel cutting and transplantation and how we make root file system; To build Qtdevelopment environment, PC development environment and the set-up of Qtcross-compiler environment are important, also the completment of Qt/Embedded onMini2440transplantation plays an important role; To add embedded Linux systemhardware drivers, means we should add the main LCD display and touch screen drivers.With the ending of the build-up of the hardware and software platform, we can designterminal interface of automotive dashboard.
随着嵌入式系统的硬件平台技术和软件应用的发展不断趋于成熟，汽车仪表系统的设计开始采用了嵌入式GUI技术。本课题结合嵌入式Linux操作系统和嵌入式GUI技术，设计了一个基本汽车全数字仪表的界面，并对车速表、转速表、燃油表和水温表的界面进行进一步的设计。为了观看汽车仪表界面在嵌入式硬件平台上的显示和运行效果，最后进行了模拟测试程序的设计。
本课题的设计是基于性价比较高的S3C2440为核心处理器的嵌入式硬件平台，以嵌入式Linux为操作系统，以Qt/Embedded为嵌入式GUI开发工具，以3.5寸LCD液晶屏作为汽车仪表系统的显示终端。在系统架构分析的基础上，详述了汽车全数字仪表界面的硬件平台；搭建嵌入式Linux操作系统，主要包括BootLoader移植、Linux Kernel的裁剪与移植、根文件系统的定制；构建Qt开发环境，主要是PC开发环境和Qt交叉编译环境的搭建，完成Qt/Embedded在Mini2440上的移植；添加嵌入式Linux系统下的相关硬件驱动程序，主要是LCD显示和触摸屏驱动程序。在软硬件平台都搭建好的基础上，进行汽车仪表终端界面的开发。
Automotive dashboard is the process of the car in motion to provide the driver intuitionand important information exchange window, at the same time, it plays a vital role for car'ssecurity and economic driving.
With the development of embedded hardware platform and software applications, thedesign of automotive dashboard systems start using the embedded GUI. Combiningembedded Linux operating system with embedded GUI technology, the subject designs abasic interface of a car on digital dashboard, and something on the speedometer,tachometer, fuel gauge and water temperature meter interface. In order to watch the carinterface display on embedded hardware platform and the operating results, we finally goon the design of the simulation test program.
The design of this project is embedded hardware platform based on the higher cost ofS3C2440core processor with embedded Linux operating system. It uses Qt/Embedded asthe embedded GUI development tools, the3.5-inch LCD screen as a car dashboard displayterminal. On the basis of the analysis of system architecture, it tells the details of thehardware platform of the car all-digital instrument interface; Build-up of embedded Linuxoperating system, including the production of the BootLoader transplantation, LinuxKernel cutting and transplantation and how we make root file system; To build Qtdevelopment environment, PC development environment and the set-up of Qtcross-compiler environment are important, also the completment of Qt/Embedded onMini2440transplantation plays an important role; To add embedded Linux systemhardware drivers, means we should add the main LCD display and touch screen drivers.With the ending of the build-up of the hardware and software platform, we can designterminal interface of automotive dashboard.
引文
[1]方恒耀.基于GUI技术的汽车仪表开发平台的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学.2007,4.
[2]冯崇毅.汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2005,10.
[3]黄坤.基于嵌入式Linux的车辆轨迹复现手持终端的研究与实现[D].苏州:苏州大学,2011,5.
[4]孔德仁.仪表总线技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2010,5.
[5]方恒耀.基于GUI技术的汽车仪表开发平台的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学.2007,4.
[6]许德章.现代汽车仪表技术与发展趋势[J].芜湖:安徽机电学院.2002,5.
[7](美)艾若扎维克.汽车电系仪表及其诊断维修[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2007,1.
[8]黄婷.基于CAN总线的汽车全数字智能仪表的研究[D].苏州:苏州大学.2009,5.
[9]曾剑元.ARM9平台上基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式GUI的研究与实现[D].长春:吉林大学.2010,4.
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[11]韩琨，郝继飞，周晓飞，赵娟娟.基于WinCE的智能车载仪表的设计[J].徐州:中国矿业大学信息与电气工程学院.2011,2.
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[22]张弘.USB接口设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,12.
[23]余永权.计算机接口与通信[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2005,1.
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[25]成洁,卢紫毅.linux窗口程序设计[M].北京:北京清华大学出版社,2008,11.
[26]谢伟.嵌入式Linux系统工程师标准培训教材1[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011,10.
[27]谢伟.嵌入式Linux系统工程师标准培训教材2[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011,10.
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[31]Wolfgang Mauerer.Professional Linux Kernel Architecture(Wrox Programmer to Programmer)[M].Birmingham:Wrox,2008.
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[M].Indianapolis:Addison-Wesley Professional,2003.
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[35]赵炯.Linux内核完全注释[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,9.
[36]Daniel P.Bovet,Marco Cesati.Understanding the Linux kernel
[M].Sebastopol,CA: O'Reilly Media Inc,2002.
[37]丁林松,黄丽琴.Qt4图形设计与嵌入式开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009,4.
[38]宋宝华.Linux设备驱动开发详解(第2版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010,11.
[39] Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartman
[M].Linux Device Driver.Sebastopol,CA: O'Reilly Media Inc,2005.
[40]孙俊喜.LCD驱动电路、驱动程序设计及典型应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009,4.
[41]广州友善之臂计算机科技有限公司.TFT LCD Specification[EB/OL].http://arm9download.cncncn.com/datasheet/TD035STED4.pdf.
[42]友善之臂中文论坛.Mini2440之Linux移植开发实战指南[EB/OL].http://arm9download.cncncn.com/download/mini2440-linux-guide.zip.
[43]郑灵翔.嵌入式接口技术与Linux驱动开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2010,4.
[44]Karim Yagbmour.Building Embedded Linux Systems
[M].New York:O'Reilly&Associates,2003.
[45]Thelin,Johan.Foundations of Qt Development
[M].New York:Springer-Verlag New York Inc,2007.
[46]蔡志明.精通Qt4编程[M].北京:北京电子工业出版社,2008,1.
[46]Nokia Corporation.Qt Reference Documentation[EB/OL].http://qt.nokia.com.
[47]天嵌科技.基于SKY2440/TQ2440的Qt/Embedded应用程序开发完全手册[EB/OL].http://www.armbbs.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=345.
[48]Scott Meyers. Effective C++[M].Indianapolis:Addison-Wesley Professional,2005.
[49] Blanchette,Summerfield.C++GUI Programming With Qt4
[M].London:Prentice Hall,2008,2.
[50]Mark Summerfield.Advanced Qt Programming:Creating Great Software with C++andQt4[M].London:Prentice Hall,2010.
[2]冯崇毅.汽车电子控制技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社.2005,10.
[3]黄坤.基于嵌入式Linux的车辆轨迹复现手持终端的研究与实现[D].苏州:苏州大学,2011,5.
[4]孔德仁.仪表总线技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2010,5.
[5]方恒耀.基于GUI技术的汽车仪表开发平台的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学.2007,4.
[6]许德章.现代汽车仪表技术与发展趋势[J].芜湖:安徽机电学院.2002,5.
[7](美)艾若扎维克.汽车电系仪表及其诊断维修[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2007,1.
[8]黄婷.基于CAN总线的汽车全数字智能仪表的研究[D].苏州:苏州大学.2009,5.
[9]曾剑元.ARM9平台上基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式GUI的研究与实现[D].长春:吉林大学.2010,4.
[10]罗志灶,周赢武,罗志仕.基于嵌入式LINUX的智能仪表设计方案[J].福建:闽江学院电子系、三明电业局.2010.
[11]韩琨，郝继飞，周晓飞，赵娟娟.基于WinCE的智能车载仪表的设计[J].徐州:中国矿业大学信息与电气工程学院.2011,2.
[12]孙弋.基于S3C2440的嵌入式Linux开发实例[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社2010,5.
[13]Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd.S3C2440datasheet[EB/OL].http://www.samsung.com/cn.
[14]符意德,陆阳.嵌入式系统原理及接口技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,10.
[15]广州友善之臂计算机科技有限公司.Mini2440用户手册[EB/OL].http://arm9download.cncncn.com/mini2440/mini2440um-20110421.zip,2011,4
[16]马志晶.s3c2440芯片中文手册[EB/OL].2007,9.http://arm9download.cncncn.com/datasheet/S3C2440.pdf
[17]National Semiconductor Corp.LM1117/LM1117I800mA Low-DropoutLinear Regulator[EB/OL].2002.http://www.national.com.
[18]MAXIM Corp.4-Pin μP Voltage Monitors with Manual Reset Input[EB/OL].2007.http://www.maxim-ic.com.
[19]Silicon Storage Technology, Inc.16Mbit Multi-Purpose Flash Plus[EB/OL].2002.http://www.datasheet4u.net.
[20]刘凯,刘博.存储技术基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2011,2.
[21]黎东涛.一种基于语音识别SoC调试的JTAG接口设计[J].广东:嘉应学院电子信息工程系.2005,2.
[22]张弘.USB接口设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,12.
[23]余永权.计算机接口与通信[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2005,1.
[24]孙俊喜.LCD驱动电路、驱动程序设计及典型应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009,4.
[25]成洁,卢紫毅.linux窗口程序设计[M].北京:北京清华大学出版社,2008,11.
[26]谢伟.嵌入式Linux系统工程师标准培训教材1[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011,10.
[27]谢伟.嵌入式Linux系统工程师标准培训教材2[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011,10.
[28]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,7.
[29]广州友善之臂计算机科技有限公司.arm-linux-gcc.4.4.3编译器[EB/OL].http://arm9download.cncncn.com/mini2440/linux/arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3-20100
[30]祁德春.初入职场之嵌入式Linux开发快速上手[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2010,10.
[31]Wolfgang Mauerer.Professional Linux Kernel Architecture(Wrox Programmer to Programmer)[M].Birmingham:Wrox,2008.
[32]W.Richard Stevens,Stephen A.Rago.Advanced Programming in theUNIX Environment[M].Indianapolis:Addison-Wesley Professional,2005.
[33]Eric S. Raymond.The Art of UNIX Programming
[M].Indianapolis:Addison-Wesley Professional,2003.
[34](美)博韦,西斯特.深入理解LINUX内核(第三版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007,9.
[35]赵炯.Linux内核完全注释[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,9.
[36]Daniel P.Bovet,Marco Cesati.Understanding the Linux kernel
[M].Sebastopol,CA: O'Reilly Media Inc,2002.
[37]丁林松,黄丽琴.Qt4图形设计与嵌入式开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009,4.
[38]宋宝华.Linux设备驱动开发详解(第2版)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010,11.
[39] Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartman
[M].Linux Device Driver.Sebastopol,CA: O'Reilly Media Inc,2005.
[40]孙俊喜.LCD驱动电路、驱动程序设计及典型应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009,4.
[41]广州友善之臂计算机科技有限公司.TFT LCD Specification[EB/OL].http://arm9download.cncncn.com/datasheet/TD035STED4.pdf.
[42]友善之臂中文论坛.Mini2440之Linux移植开发实战指南[EB/OL].http://arm9download.cncncn.com/download/mini2440-linux-guide.zip.
[43]郑灵翔.嵌入式接口技术与Linux驱动开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2010,4.
[44]Karim Yagbmour.Building Embedded Linux Systems
[M].New York:O'Reilly&Associates,2003.
[45]Thelin,Johan.Foundations of Qt Development
[M].New York:Springer-Verlag New York Inc,2007.
[46]蔡志明.精通Qt4编程[M].北京:北京电子工业出版社,2008,1.
[46]Nokia Corporation.Qt Reference Documentation[EB/OL].http://qt.nokia.com.
[47]天嵌科技.基于SKY2440/TQ2440的Qt/Embedded应用程序开发完全手册[EB/OL].http://www.armbbs.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=345.
[48]Scott Meyers. Effective C++[M].Indianapolis:Addison-Wesley Professional,2005.
[49] Blanchette,Summerfield.C++GUI Programming With Qt4
[M].London:Prentice Hall,2008,2.
[50]Mark Summerfield.Advanced Qt Programming:Creating Great Software with C++andQt4[M].London:Prentice Hall,2010.