高铁酸钾法氧化处理土壤中苯酚的实验研究
|
摘要
在有毒有机化学品的生产、贮存、运输及使用过程中,经常会发生突发性泄漏事故,造成土壤点源污染。这些污染物对生态环境和人体健康有很大危害,而且若不能及时去除,它们会长期存在于土壤中。因此,在土壤点源污染事故发生后,为了最大限度地减少事故带来的环境危害,对污染物进行快速降解处理十分必要。
本文以苯酚(Phenol)为目标污染物,采用高铁酸钾氧化法处理苯酚模拟污染土壤。通过对苯酚处理效果影响因素的研究,确定了最佳的工艺操作条件,实现了工艺的自动控制。通过HPLC法测定该反应的中间产物和最终产物,并推断出高铁酸钾氧化降解苯酚的反应途径。
本文实验结果表明,高铁酸钾法氧化处理土壤中苯酚的最佳条件为：泥水混合液的土水比为1：1-1：4,高铁酸钾与苯酚的摩尔比为7.5：1,体系初始pH值为7.0-9.0(用2%的稀硫酸调节),分批少量投加高铁酸钾,每次投加量为0.15g/kg土,同时在搅拌条件下,苯酚去除率可达95%。整个反应过程迅速,可在10min内完成。反应后的泥水混合液经泥水分离后的上清液用2%的硫酸调节pH值至近中性,可以多次循环使用。反应后需要排放的泥土及反应液体中残余的氧化剂可通过加入硫酸亚铁来还原,消除氧化剂对环境的影响。根据体系的中间产物,推断出高铁酸钾氧化降解苯酚的主要途径为：苯酚→对苯醌→顺丁烯二酸→草酸→甲酸→二氧化碳和水。
高铁酸钾氧化体系在反应过程中pH值会不断升高,通过监控体系中pH的变化,设计出一套适于高铁酸钾氧化降解土壤污染物的工艺流程及自动控制方法,实现了工艺的自动控制过程。
本文研究结果对快速处理点源污染土壤有借鉴作用。
Chemical leaking accidents which could cause serious point source soil contamination happened frequently in the storage, transportation and usage of hazardous chemicals. These chemicals are extremely detrimental to ecological environment and human health, and they would chronically exist in the soil and strongly bound to the soil matrix if they can not be eliminated immediately. To eliminate the negative impacts of these accidents, rapid on-site disposal of the contaminated soil would be highly necessary.
In this paper, phenol was selected as the target contaminant and the simulant phenol contaminated soil was treated with Potassium Ferrate Oxidation Method. Through the study of the influencing factors of phenol degradation efficiency, optimum operating conditions were identified. Automatic control of the whole treatment process was achieved. The final products and intermediates of the reaction were also identified by HPLC method and the reaction pathway of phenol degradation by potassium ferrate was concluded.
Through single-factor experiments, the optimum operating conditions were identified as follows:soil-water ratio of the slurry 1:1-1:4; phenol-potassium ferrate molar ratio 7.5:1; initial system pH 7.0～9.0 (adjusted by 2% sulfuric acid); moderate mixing; potassium ferrate was added into the reactor in batches, dosing amount 0.15 g/batch. Under optimum conditions, the degradation efficiency of phenol reached up to 95% and the whole reaction process was done in 10 min. After each round of reaction, the supernatant of the slurry can be reused in the next round after its pH was adjusted to neutral by 2% sulfuric acid. To eliminate the bad impacts of the residual oxidant, ferrous sulfate can be added into treated soil to neutralize excessive oxidant. Based on the fact that system pH kept increasing during the reaction process, automatic control of the dosing of potassium ferrate was achieved through the monitoring of system pH value. The process flow of potassium ferrate treating point source phenol contaminated soil was further designed to establish an integrated method. Based on HPLC testing results and the intermediate product, the reaction pathway was concluded as follows: The research results of this paper can be used as a reference for practical applications.
本文以苯酚(Phenol)为目标污染物,采用高铁酸钾氧化法处理苯酚模拟污染土壤。通过对苯酚处理效果影响因素的研究,确定了最佳的工艺操作条件,实现了工艺的自动控制。通过HPLC法测定该反应的中间产物和最终产物,并推断出高铁酸钾氧化降解苯酚的反应途径。
本文实验结果表明,高铁酸钾法氧化处理土壤中苯酚的最佳条件为：泥水混合液的土水比为1：1-1：4,高铁酸钾与苯酚的摩尔比为7.5：1,体系初始pH值为7.0-9.0(用2%的稀硫酸调节),分批少量投加高铁酸钾,每次投加量为0.15g/kg土,同时在搅拌条件下,苯酚去除率可达95%。整个反应过程迅速,可在10min内完成。反应后的泥水混合液经泥水分离后的上清液用2%的硫酸调节pH值至近中性,可以多次循环使用。反应后需要排放的泥土及反应液体中残余的氧化剂可通过加入硫酸亚铁来还原,消除氧化剂对环境的影响。根据体系的中间产物,推断出高铁酸钾氧化降解苯酚的主要途径为：苯酚→对苯醌→顺丁烯二酸→草酸→甲酸→二氧化碳和水。
高铁酸钾氧化体系在反应过程中pH值会不断升高,通过监控体系中pH的变化,设计出一套适于高铁酸钾氧化降解土壤污染物的工艺流程及自动控制方法,实现了工艺的自动控制过程。
本文研究结果对快速处理点源污染土壤有借鉴作用。
Chemical leaking accidents which could cause serious point source soil contamination happened frequently in the storage, transportation and usage of hazardous chemicals. These chemicals are extremely detrimental to ecological environment and human health, and they would chronically exist in the soil and strongly bound to the soil matrix if they can not be eliminated immediately. To eliminate the negative impacts of these accidents, rapid on-site disposal of the contaminated soil would be highly necessary.
In this paper, phenol was selected as the target contaminant and the simulant phenol contaminated soil was treated with Potassium Ferrate Oxidation Method. Through the study of the influencing factors of phenol degradation efficiency, optimum operating conditions were identified. Automatic control of the whole treatment process was achieved. The final products and intermediates of the reaction were also identified by HPLC method and the reaction pathway of phenol degradation by potassium ferrate was concluded.
Through single-factor experiments, the optimum operating conditions were identified as follows:soil-water ratio of the slurry 1:1-1:4; phenol-potassium ferrate molar ratio 7.5:1; initial system pH 7.0～9.0 (adjusted by 2% sulfuric acid); moderate mixing; potassium ferrate was added into the reactor in batches, dosing amount 0.15 g/batch. Under optimum conditions, the degradation efficiency of phenol reached up to 95% and the whole reaction process was done in 10 min. After each round of reaction, the supernatant of the slurry can be reused in the next round after its pH was adjusted to neutral by 2% sulfuric acid. To eliminate the bad impacts of the residual oxidant, ferrous sulfate can be added into treated soil to neutralize excessive oxidant. Based on the fact that system pH kept increasing during the reaction process, automatic control of the dosing of potassium ferrate was achieved through the monitoring of system pH value. The process flow of potassium ferrate treating point source phenol contaminated soil was further designed to establish an integrated method. Based on HPLC testing results and the intermediate product, the reaction pathway was concluded as follows: The research results of this paper can be used as a reference for practical applications.
引文
[1]孙铁珩,周启星,李培军.土壤污染形成机理与修复技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2005：1-2页.
[2]高海燕.我国土壤污染防治立法之思考[D].华南师范大学,2008.
[3]奚旦立,陈季华.突发性污染事件应急处置工程[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：15-19页.
[4]全娟珍.浅谈突发性污染环境事故[J].福建环境,2000,17(5)：29-30页.
[5]吴玉萍,胡涛,赵毅红.我国环境污染突发事件应急管理亟待完善[J].中国发展观察,2006(1)：31-34页.
[6]李国刚.环境化学污染事故应急检测技术与装备[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：8-10页.
[7]高秀荣.浅议突发性污染事故的应急监测[J].科技信息,2008,(26)：17页.
[8]岳茂兴.危险化学品事故的特点及应急救治对策研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(2)：171-172页.
[9]李静波,王伟.液化石油气泄漏事故的堵漏[J].消防技术与产品信息,2004,3：36-39页.
[10]张宏哲,赵永华,姜春明,等.危险化学品泄漏事故应急处置技术[J].安全、健康和环境,2008,8(6)：2-4页.
[11]徐新华,宋爽.工业废水中专项污染物处理手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000：57页.
[12]Sakari, Halmemies, Mika Arffman, et al. Vacuum extraction based response equipment for recovery of fresh fuel spills from soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003, 97(1-3):127-143P.
[13]Abramovitch R A, Huang B Z, Davis M, et al. Decomposition of PCBs and other polychlorinated aromatics in soil using microwave energy[J]. Chemosphere,1998,37(8): 1427-1736P.
[14]姜春明,张宏哲,张海峰,等.功能性多孔炭性材料在突发性环境污染事故中的应用[J].新型炭材料,2007,24(4)：295-3010页.
[15]Inagaki M, Kawahara A, Nishi Y, et al. Heavy oil sorption and recovery using carbon fiber felts[J]. Carbon,2002,40(9):1487-1492P.
[16]熊彪,焦飞,黄原,等.漯河氰化钠翻车事故应急处理效果技术分析[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(4)：8-11页.
[17]周薇,孙敦民.一起硝酸污染环境事故的应急处理[J].浙江预防医学,1998,(6)：341-342页.
[18]Park S K, Bielefeldt A R. Non-ionic surfactant flushing of pentachlorophenol from NAPL-contaminated soil[J]. Water Research,2005,39(7):1388-1396P.
[19]Mulligan C N, Eftekhair F. Remediation with surfactant from of PCP-contaminated soil[J]. Engineering Geology,2003,70(3-4):269-279P.
[20]程军蕊,任茶仙.表面活性剂现场清洗土壤有机污染研究[J].化工纵横,2003,17(10)：13-15页.
[21]胡婷婷.高铁酸钾降解偶氮类染料研究[D].同济大学,2008：5-6页.
[22]孙德智.环境工程中的高级氧化技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002：58页.
[23]Jia-Qian, Alex Panagoulopoulosa, Mike Bauer. The application of ferrate for sewage treatment[J]. Journal of Environment Management,2006, (79):215-220P.
[24]Vireder K Sharma. Potassium ferrate(VI):an environmentally friendly oxidant[J]. Advances in Environmental Research,2002, (6):143-156P.
[25]Read J R, Boucher K D, Mehlman S A, et al. The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of 1,4-thioxane by potassium ferrate[J]. Inorganic Chim Acta,1998,267:159-163P.
[26]张秀丽,廖兴广,贾汉东,等.稳定高铁酸钾溶液杀菌效力的研究[J].中国卫生检疫杂志,2000,10(2)：174-175P.
[27]王凯娟,代丽萍,郗园林,等.高铁酸钾消毒作用实验观察[J].中国公共卫生,2003,19(9)：1084-1085页.
[28]Jiang J Q, Wang S, Panagoulopoulos A. The exploration of potassium ferrate(VI) as a disinfectant/coagulant in water and wastewater treatment[J]. Chemosphere,2006,63(2): 212-219P.
[29]Jiang J Q, Bauer M, Pearce P, et al. The application of potassium ferrate for sewage treatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2006,79(2):215-220P.
[30]Virender K Sharma. Potassium ferrate(VI):an environmentaly friendly oxidation[J]. Advanees in Environmental Reseach,2002,6:143-156P.
[31]Virender K Sharma, Santosh K Mishra, Ajay K Ray. Kinetic assessment of the potassium ferrate(Vl) oxidation of antibaeterial drug sulfamethoxazole[J]. Chemosphere, 2006,62:128-134P.
[32]C. Li, X. Z. Li, N. Graham, et al. The aqueous degradation of bisphenol A and steroid estrogens by ferrate[J]. Water Research,2008, (42):109-120P.
[33]Hua Huang, David Sommerfeld, Brian C Duun, et al. Ferrate(Vl) oxidation of Aqueous Phenol:Kinetics and Mechanism[J], Chemosphere.2001,105:3536-3541P.
[34]Jiang J Q, Lloyd B, Grigore L. Preparation and evaluation of Potassium ferrate as an oxidant and coagulant for potable water treatment[J]. Environmental Engineering Seience,2001,18(5):323-328P.
[35]Murshed Mohamed, Roekstraw David A, Hanson Adrian T. Rapid oxidation of sulfide mine tailings by reaction with Potassium ferrate[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003, 125(2):245-253P.
[36]邓子峰,陈琦,汪德家.高铁酸钾氧化降解氯酚的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(6)：30-31页.
[37]Ayers Katherine E, White Neal C. Characterization of iron(VI) compounds and their discharge products in strongly alkaline electrolyte [J]. Journal of the Electrochemieal Society,2005,152(2):467-473P.
[38]Ria Yngard, Seelawut Danrongsiri, Virender K Sharma, et al. Ferrate(VI) oxidation of zinc-cyanide complex[J]. Chemosphere,2007,69(5):729-735P.
[39]张海燕,张盼月,曾光明,等.高铁酸钾预—氯化铁混凝去除水中As3+[J].化工环保,2008,28(6)：495-498页.
[40]毕冬勤,杨卫华,周艳,等.高铁酸钾处理含Pb2+和Hg2+废水[J].长春工程学学院学报(自然科学版),2007,8(1)：46-48页.
[41]李小兵,李向东.高铁酸钾合成及处理焦化废水的研究[J].矿业快报,2002,1(12)：8-9页.
[42]刘深,韦晓燕.用粉煤灰和高铁酸钾处理造纸废水[J].纸和造纸,2002,1(3)：62-63页.
[43]李铎,沈艳修,王宝辉.高铁酸钾氧化絮凝去除废水丙烯腈的研究[J].辽宁化工,2006,35(1)：20-22页.
[44]弓晓峰,雷霆,武和胜,等.高铁酸钾滤液处理垃圾渗滤液[J].水处理技术,2008,34(6)：37-39页.
[45]孙秀娟,焦凤如,庞振.世界苯酚市场分析[J].精细与专用化学品,2008,16(16)： 21-23页.
[46]张月新,张晓东.我国苯酚市场供需现状和前景分析[J].化学工业,2008,26(6)：47-50页.
[47]李金有,沈秀廷.苯酚的遗传毒性研究[J].中国公共卫生学报,1984,13(1)：36-37页.
[48]Virkutyte J, Siuanpaa M, Latosremaa P. Electrokinetics soil remediation-critical overview[J]. The Science of the Total Evironment,2002,289(113):97-121P.
[49]罗启仕,张锡辉,王慧,等.非均匀电动力学修复技术对土壤性质的影响[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(4)：40-45页.
[50]徐泉,黄星发,程炯佳,等.电动力化学以及联用技术降解污染土壤中持久性有机污染物的研究进展[J].环境科学,2006,27(11)：2363-2368页.
[51]王焘,郑余阳,杨磊,等.苯酚污染土壤的电动力学修复技术研究[J].环境科技,2009,22(7)：22-25页.
[52]孟祥婕,朱琨,蒋煜峰,等.电动法修复苯酚污染土壤的实验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(2)：70-74页.
[53]高士祥,高松亭,韩朔睽,等.表面活性剂在污染土壤修复中的应用[J].环境工程,2000,21(1)：84-86页.
[54]Roger Matta, Khalil Hanna, Serge Chiron. Oxidation of phenol by green rust and hydrogen peroxide at neutral pH[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2008,61(3): 442-446P.
[55]侯晨晨,刘建国,苏肇基,等.含苯酚危险废物的改进型Fenton氧化处理研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(6)：1405-1408页.
[56]陈丽娜.Fenton和K2S208法处理五氯酚污染土壤实验研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2009：17页.
[57]R. Kent Murmann, Paul R Robinson. Experiments utilizing FeO42- for purifying water[J]. Water Research,1974,8(8):543-547P.
[58]Jia H D, Yang X L, Yang Y, et al. Direct spectrophotometric determination of ferrate(VI) [J]. Chemosphere,1999,27:617P.
[59]刘永春,胡弘鲲,骆明霞,等.分光光度法测定高铁酸钠的浓度[J].化学研究与应用,2002,14(3)：299-301页.
[60]国家环保总局,水和废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京： 中国环境科学出版社,2002：460-462页.
[61]姜洪泉,于秀娟,王鹏,等.高铁酸钾预氧化去除水中苯酚及其机理[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(13)：47-48页.
[62]C Li, X Z Li, N Graham. A study of the preparation and reactivity of potassium ferrate[J]. Chemosphere,2005, (61):537-543P.
[63]Nigel Graham, Cheng-chun Jiang, Xiang-zhong Li, et al. The influence of pH on the degradation and chlorophenols by potassium ferrate[J]. Chemosphere,2004,56: 949-956P.
[64]罗志勇,郑泽根,张胜涛.高铁酸盐氧化降解水中苯酚的动力学及机理研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(8)：1375-1378页.
[65]宋华,王园园.高铁酸钾在中性、酸性介质中的稳定性[J].化学通报,2008,9：696-700页.
[66]王辉,于秀娟,孙德智.一种新型电化学体系降解苯酚的机理研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(7)：901-907页.
[67]邓子峰,喻赛芳,胡婷婷.高铁酸钾降解苯酚的机制研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(12)：905-911页.
[68]邓子峰,杨晓,徐伟.高铁酸钾降解苯酚的GC-MS分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(3)：354-357页.
[69]叶萍.工业废水处理中pH值的自动控制系统[J].印染助剂,2005,22(10)：45-46页.
[2]高海燕.我国土壤污染防治立法之思考[D].华南师范大学,2008.
[3]奚旦立,陈季华.突发性污染事件应急处置工程[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008：15-19页.
[4]全娟珍.浅谈突发性污染环境事故[J].福建环境,2000,17(5)：29-30页.
[5]吴玉萍,胡涛,赵毅红.我国环境污染突发事件应急管理亟待完善[J].中国发展观察,2006(1)：31-34页.
[6]李国刚.环境化学污染事故应急检测技术与装备[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005：8-10页.
[7]高秀荣.浅议突发性污染事故的应急监测[J].科技信息,2008,(26)：17页.
[8]岳茂兴.危险化学品事故的特点及应急救治对策研究[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(2)：171-172页.
[9]李静波,王伟.液化石油气泄漏事故的堵漏[J].消防技术与产品信息,2004,3：36-39页.
[10]张宏哲,赵永华,姜春明,等.危险化学品泄漏事故应急处置技术[J].安全、健康和环境,2008,8(6)：2-4页.
[11]徐新华,宋爽.工业废水中专项污染物处理手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000：57页.
[12]Sakari, Halmemies, Mika Arffman, et al. Vacuum extraction based response equipment for recovery of fresh fuel spills from soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003, 97(1-3):127-143P.
[13]Abramovitch R A, Huang B Z, Davis M, et al. Decomposition of PCBs and other polychlorinated aromatics in soil using microwave energy[J]. Chemosphere,1998,37(8): 1427-1736P.
[14]姜春明,张宏哲,张海峰,等.功能性多孔炭性材料在突发性环境污染事故中的应用[J].新型炭材料,2007,24(4)：295-3010页.
[15]Inagaki M, Kawahara A, Nishi Y, et al. Heavy oil sorption and recovery using carbon fiber felts[J]. Carbon,2002,40(9):1487-1492P.
[16]熊彪,焦飞,黄原,等.漯河氰化钠翻车事故应急处理效果技术分析[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(4)：8-11页.
[17]周薇,孙敦民.一起硝酸污染环境事故的应急处理[J].浙江预防医学,1998,(6)：341-342页.
[18]Park S K, Bielefeldt A R. Non-ionic surfactant flushing of pentachlorophenol from NAPL-contaminated soil[J]. Water Research,2005,39(7):1388-1396P.
[19]Mulligan C N, Eftekhair F. Remediation with surfactant from of PCP-contaminated soil[J]. Engineering Geology,2003,70(3-4):269-279P.
[20]程军蕊,任茶仙.表面活性剂现场清洗土壤有机污染研究[J].化工纵横,2003,17(10)：13-15页.
[21]胡婷婷.高铁酸钾降解偶氮类染料研究[D].同济大学,2008：5-6页.
[22]孙德智.环境工程中的高级氧化技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002：58页.
[23]Jia-Qian, Alex Panagoulopoulosa, Mike Bauer. The application of ferrate for sewage treatment[J]. Journal of Environment Management,2006, (79):215-220P.
[24]Vireder K Sharma. Potassium ferrate(VI):an environmentally friendly oxidant[J]. Advances in Environmental Research,2002, (6):143-156P.
[25]Read J R, Boucher K D, Mehlman S A, et al. The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of 1,4-thioxane by potassium ferrate[J]. Inorganic Chim Acta,1998,267:159-163P.
[26]张秀丽,廖兴广,贾汉东,等.稳定高铁酸钾溶液杀菌效力的研究[J].中国卫生检疫杂志,2000,10(2)：174-175P.
[27]王凯娟,代丽萍,郗园林,等.高铁酸钾消毒作用实验观察[J].中国公共卫生,2003,19(9)：1084-1085页.
[28]Jiang J Q, Wang S, Panagoulopoulos A. The exploration of potassium ferrate(VI) as a disinfectant/coagulant in water and wastewater treatment[J]. Chemosphere,2006,63(2): 212-219P.
[29]Jiang J Q, Bauer M, Pearce P, et al. The application of potassium ferrate for sewage treatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2006,79(2):215-220P.
[30]Virender K Sharma. Potassium ferrate(VI):an environmentaly friendly oxidation[J]. Advanees in Environmental Reseach,2002,6:143-156P.
[31]Virender K Sharma, Santosh K Mishra, Ajay K Ray. Kinetic assessment of the potassium ferrate(Vl) oxidation of antibaeterial drug sulfamethoxazole[J]. Chemosphere, 2006,62:128-134P.
[32]C. Li, X. Z. Li, N. Graham, et al. The aqueous degradation of bisphenol A and steroid estrogens by ferrate[J]. Water Research,2008, (42):109-120P.
[33]Hua Huang, David Sommerfeld, Brian C Duun, et al. Ferrate(Vl) oxidation of Aqueous Phenol:Kinetics and Mechanism[J], Chemosphere.2001,105:3536-3541P.
[34]Jiang J Q, Lloyd B, Grigore L. Preparation and evaluation of Potassium ferrate as an oxidant and coagulant for potable water treatment[J]. Environmental Engineering Seience,2001,18(5):323-328P.
[35]Murshed Mohamed, Roekstraw David A, Hanson Adrian T. Rapid oxidation of sulfide mine tailings by reaction with Potassium ferrate[J]. Environmental Pollution,2003, 125(2):245-253P.
[36]邓子峰,陈琦,汪德家.高铁酸钾氧化降解氯酚的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(6)：30-31页.
[37]Ayers Katherine E, White Neal C. Characterization of iron(VI) compounds and their discharge products in strongly alkaline electrolyte [J]. Journal of the Electrochemieal Society,2005,152(2):467-473P.
[38]Ria Yngard, Seelawut Danrongsiri, Virender K Sharma, et al. Ferrate(VI) oxidation of zinc-cyanide complex[J]. Chemosphere,2007,69(5):729-735P.
[39]张海燕,张盼月,曾光明,等.高铁酸钾预—氯化铁混凝去除水中As3+[J].化工环保,2008,28(6)：495-498页.
[40]毕冬勤,杨卫华,周艳,等.高铁酸钾处理含Pb2+和Hg2+废水[J].长春工程学学院学报(自然科学版),2007,8(1)：46-48页.
[41]李小兵,李向东.高铁酸钾合成及处理焦化废水的研究[J].矿业快报,2002,1(12)：8-9页.
[42]刘深,韦晓燕.用粉煤灰和高铁酸钾处理造纸废水[J].纸和造纸,2002,1(3)：62-63页.
[43]李铎,沈艳修,王宝辉.高铁酸钾氧化絮凝去除废水丙烯腈的研究[J].辽宁化工,2006,35(1)：20-22页.
[44]弓晓峰,雷霆,武和胜,等.高铁酸钾滤液处理垃圾渗滤液[J].水处理技术,2008,34(6)：37-39页.
[45]孙秀娟,焦凤如,庞振.世界苯酚市场分析[J].精细与专用化学品,2008,16(16)： 21-23页.
[46]张月新,张晓东.我国苯酚市场供需现状和前景分析[J].化学工业,2008,26(6)：47-50页.
[47]李金有,沈秀廷.苯酚的遗传毒性研究[J].中国公共卫生学报,1984,13(1)：36-37页.
[48]Virkutyte J, Siuanpaa M, Latosremaa P. Electrokinetics soil remediation-critical overview[J]. The Science of the Total Evironment,2002,289(113):97-121P.
[49]罗启仕,张锡辉,王慧,等.非均匀电动力学修复技术对土壤性质的影响[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(4)：40-45页.
[50]徐泉,黄星发,程炯佳,等.电动力化学以及联用技术降解污染土壤中持久性有机污染物的研究进展[J].环境科学,2006,27(11)：2363-2368页.
[51]王焘,郑余阳,杨磊,等.苯酚污染土壤的电动力学修复技术研究[J].环境科技,2009,22(7)：22-25页.
[52]孟祥婕,朱琨,蒋煜峰,等.电动法修复苯酚污染土壤的实验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(2)：70-74页.
[53]高士祥,高松亭,韩朔睽,等.表面活性剂在污染土壤修复中的应用[J].环境工程,2000,21(1)：84-86页.
[54]Roger Matta, Khalil Hanna, Serge Chiron. Oxidation of phenol by green rust and hydrogen peroxide at neutral pH[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2008,61(3): 442-446P.
[55]侯晨晨,刘建国,苏肇基,等.含苯酚危险废物的改进型Fenton氧化处理研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(6)：1405-1408页.
[56]陈丽娜.Fenton和K2S208法处理五氯酚污染土壤实验研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2009：17页.
[57]R. Kent Murmann, Paul R Robinson. Experiments utilizing FeO42- for purifying water[J]. Water Research,1974,8(8):543-547P.
[58]Jia H D, Yang X L, Yang Y, et al. Direct spectrophotometric determination of ferrate(VI) [J]. Chemosphere,1999,27:617P.
[59]刘永春,胡弘鲲,骆明霞,等.分光光度法测定高铁酸钠的浓度[J].化学研究与应用,2002,14(3)：299-301页.
[60]国家环保总局,水和废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京： 中国环境科学出版社,2002：460-462页.
[61]姜洪泉,于秀娟,王鹏,等.高铁酸钾预氧化去除水中苯酚及其机理[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(13)：47-48页.
[62]C Li, X Z Li, N Graham. A study of the preparation and reactivity of potassium ferrate[J]. Chemosphere,2005, (61):537-543P.
[63]Nigel Graham, Cheng-chun Jiang, Xiang-zhong Li, et al. The influence of pH on the degradation and chlorophenols by potassium ferrate[J]. Chemosphere,2004,56: 949-956P.
[64]罗志勇,郑泽根,张胜涛.高铁酸盐氧化降解水中苯酚的动力学及机理研究[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(8)：1375-1378页.
[65]宋华,王园园.高铁酸钾在中性、酸性介质中的稳定性[J].化学通报,2008,9：696-700页.
[66]王辉,于秀娟,孙德智.一种新型电化学体系降解苯酚的机理研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(7)：901-907页.
[67]邓子峰,喻赛芳,胡婷婷.高铁酸钾降解苯酚的机制研究[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(12)：905-911页.
[68]邓子峰,杨晓,徐伟.高铁酸钾降解苯酚的GC-MS分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(3)：354-357页.
[69]叶萍.工业废水处理中pH值的自动控制系统[J].印染助剂,2005,22(10)：45-46页.