影响音乐厅声环境主观评价的因素研究
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摘要
近些年来各地兴建了大批音乐厅丰富当地的市民文化生活,部分建成后的音乐厅音质条件很难满足人们对于声环境的主观需求。目前,没有一种相应的科学方法探索影响声环境主观评价的最根本原因,更无从改善,使音乐厅建设陷入了一种尴尬的局面。
研究通过对长江大学音乐厅进行现场调研、访谈及测量,对声环境主观感受不佳的问题进行初步探讨,探索一种适用于国内的对建成后音乐厅进行主观评价的方法,进而找出影响音乐厅声环境主观感受的原因及改善建议。
研究采用问卷调查法、实地观察法对长江大学音乐厅的声环境进行研究。问卷调查法是依据全面性、区分度和适用性原则构建评价因素,以音乐专业学生为评价主体,采用随机抽样方法,对多种表演形式共存下的声环境进行评价。实地观察法以音乐厅现状描述为主,分析它的空间形态、材料、细部做法及声学处理方法,并对发现的问题进行初步原因讨论。
对问卷结果分析采用的是多元统计分析法。为找出评价者对评价因素的认同程度,采用描述统计分析和方差分析探讨评价因素的适用性问题;为研究评价因素与环境总体评价间的多重结构关系,采用相关分析和多元回归分析研究因素间的关联特性;为寻找影响声环境总体评价的最根本原因,运用因子分析中的主成分分析将能够解释声环境的因素分类,研究每个因子包含因素的指向性,进而找出最重要的影响因素。
研究结果表明,影响音乐厅声环境最为重要的因子是均匀度,结合实地观察中发现的问题,提出了音乐厅声环境的改善建议。在研究方法上,研究某些评价因素的可适用性还需进一步研究,方法适用范围限于专业音乐厅,评价对象也限于有一定声学知识的音乐爱好者,希望能为后续研究起到一定的参考作用。
In recent years, a large number of concert halls were built to reinforce the cultural life of local people; some of the objective conditions after the completion of the concert hall are difficult to meet the subjective requirements for the acoustic environment. Currently, there is no scientific method to explore a corresponding subjective evaluation of acoustic environment of the most fundamental reason, so nothing measure can be carried out in the concert hall to get rid of an embarrassing situation.
Research conducted some interviews in Changjiang university concert hall, the results of reverberation time measured meet the design standards but the subjective feelings is poor, the problem in acoustic environment was discussed, and exploring a subjective evaluation method in the country after the completion of the concert hall, and then find out the experience advices influence the subjective evaluation acoustic environment of concert hall.
The research uses the questionnaire survey, field observation, to study the acoustic environment in Changjiang university concert hall. Questionnaire is based on the principle of comprehensive, discrimination and applicability to build evaluation factors, take the music students for the evaluation of the main body, using random sampling method, under the coexistence of a variety of performances to evaluate the acoustic environment. Status of the field observation to describe the main concert hall, analysis of its spatial form, material, detail and acoustic treatment practices, and the initial cause of the problems found in the discussion.
The results of the questionnaire were used in multivariate statistical analysis. To identify the reviewers agree on the extent of evaluation factors, the use of descriptive statistics and variance analysis of the applicability of the evaluation factors; for the study to evaluate the overall association characteristics and multiple structural relationship of environmental factors by using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis of factors; to find the overall assessment of acoustic environment most fundamental reason, the use of factor analysis in principal component analysis will be able to explain the acoustic classification of environmental factors, each factor contains the factor of directivity, and thus identify the most important factors.
The results showed that the most important factor of acoustic environment in concert halls is the uniformity, combined with the problems found in field observations, put forward proposals to improve the concert hall acoustic environment. Research method also studied the applicability of certain evaluation factors which need further research, the methods which limit the application of professional concert hall; the evaluation object of knowledge is also limited to a certain acoustic music lovers, hoping to play for the follow-up study of reference effect.
研究通过对长江大学音乐厅进行现场调研、访谈及测量,对声环境主观感受不佳的问题进行初步探讨,探索一种适用于国内的对建成后音乐厅进行主观评价的方法,进而找出影响音乐厅声环境主观感受的原因及改善建议。
研究采用问卷调查法、实地观察法对长江大学音乐厅的声环境进行研究。问卷调查法是依据全面性、区分度和适用性原则构建评价因素,以音乐专业学生为评价主体,采用随机抽样方法,对多种表演形式共存下的声环境进行评价。实地观察法以音乐厅现状描述为主,分析它的空间形态、材料、细部做法及声学处理方法,并对发现的问题进行初步原因讨论。
对问卷结果分析采用的是多元统计分析法。为找出评价者对评价因素的认同程度,采用描述统计分析和方差分析探讨评价因素的适用性问题;为研究评价因素与环境总体评价间的多重结构关系,采用相关分析和多元回归分析研究因素间的关联特性;为寻找影响声环境总体评价的最根本原因,运用因子分析中的主成分分析将能够解释声环境的因素分类,研究每个因子包含因素的指向性,进而找出最重要的影响因素。
研究结果表明,影响音乐厅声环境最为重要的因子是均匀度,结合实地观察中发现的问题,提出了音乐厅声环境的改善建议。在研究方法上,研究某些评价因素的可适用性还需进一步研究,方法适用范围限于专业音乐厅,评价对象也限于有一定声学知识的音乐爱好者,希望能为后续研究起到一定的参考作用。
In recent years, a large number of concert halls were built to reinforce the cultural life of local people; some of the objective conditions after the completion of the concert hall are difficult to meet the subjective requirements for the acoustic environment. Currently, there is no scientific method to explore a corresponding subjective evaluation of acoustic environment of the most fundamental reason, so nothing measure can be carried out in the concert hall to get rid of an embarrassing situation.
Research conducted some interviews in Changjiang university concert hall, the results of reverberation time measured meet the design standards but the subjective feelings is poor, the problem in acoustic environment was discussed, and exploring a subjective evaluation method in the country after the completion of the concert hall, and then find out the experience advices influence the subjective evaluation acoustic environment of concert hall.
The research uses the questionnaire survey, field observation, to study the acoustic environment in Changjiang university concert hall. Questionnaire is based on the principle of comprehensive, discrimination and applicability to build evaluation factors, take the music students for the evaluation of the main body, using random sampling method, under the coexistence of a variety of performances to evaluate the acoustic environment. Status of the field observation to describe the main concert hall, analysis of its spatial form, material, detail and acoustic treatment practices, and the initial cause of the problems found in the discussion.
The results of the questionnaire were used in multivariate statistical analysis. To identify the reviewers agree on the extent of evaluation factors, the use of descriptive statistics and variance analysis of the applicability of the evaluation factors; for the study to evaluate the overall association characteristics and multiple structural relationship of environmental factors by using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis of factors; to find the overall assessment of acoustic environment most fundamental reason, the use of factor analysis in principal component analysis will be able to explain the acoustic classification of environmental factors, each factor contains the factor of directivity, and thus identify the most important factors.
The results showed that the most important factor of acoustic environment in concert halls is the uniformity, combined with the problems found in field observations, put forward proposals to improve the concert hall acoustic environment. Research method also studied the applicability of certain evaluation factors which need further research, the methods which limit the application of professional concert hall; the evaluation object of knowledge is also limited to a certain acoustic music lovers, hoping to play for the follow-up study of reference effect.
引文
1冯文华,《以音乐厅演出为主的多功能剧院音质设计研究》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
2李志雯,《专业化剧院建筑声学设计研究》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
3魏卫刚,《长混响大容积空间的语言清晰度与烦恼度研究》,山东建筑大学,2008
4李运江,《基于模糊理论的音乐音乐厅音质主观评价方法》,华南理工大学学报,2007
5陈端石,车驰东,《室内声环境评价方法的研究现状述评》,噪声与振动控制,2005
6毛东兴,俞悟周,王佐民,《声品质成对比较主观评价的数据检验及判据》,声学学报,2005
7熊艳,盛胜我,赵跃英,《音乐厅音质空间感主观评价方法的实验研究》,声学技术,2009
8李运江,王炎廷,张宗仰,《音乐音乐厅音质主观评价方法研究》,三峡大学学报,2005
9闫靓,陈克安,《语义细分法声品质主观评价实验数据处理》,噪声与振动控制,2007
1谭军,《高校校园声环境质量评价刍议》,广西大学硕士论文,2008
2胡振平,《建筑声学在师范大学体育馆的应用》,福建建筑,2008
3 J. Blauert,“Product-sound assessments: An enigmatic issue from the point of view of engineering”, Pro. Inter-noise 94 , Japan, 1994
4安藤四一:《建筑声学、声源、声场与听众之融合》,吴硕贤、赵越喆译,天津:天津大学出版社,2006, P1
1白瑞纳克,《音乐厅和歌剧院》,上海:同济大学出版社,2002/5
1朱小雷,《建成环境主观评价方法研究》,东南大学出版社,2005/5
1朱小雷,《建成环境主观评价方法研究》,东南大学出版社,2005/5
1白瑞纳克,《音乐厅和歌剧院》,上海:同济大学出版社,2002/5
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2李志雯,《专业化剧院建筑声学设计研究》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009
3魏卫刚,《长混响大容积空间的语言清晰度与烦恼度研究》,山东建筑大学,2008
4李运江,《基于模糊理论的音乐音乐厅音质主观评价方法》,华南理工大学学报,2007
5陈端石,车驰东,《室内声环境评价方法的研究现状述评》,噪声与振动控制,2005
6毛东兴,俞悟周,王佐民,《声品质成对比较主观评价的数据检验及判据》,声学学报,2005
7熊艳,盛胜我,赵跃英,《音乐厅音质空间感主观评价方法的实验研究》,声学技术,2009
8李运江,王炎廷,张宗仰,《音乐音乐厅音质主观评价方法研究》,三峡大学学报,2005
9闫靓,陈克安,《语义细分法声品质主观评价实验数据处理》,噪声与振动控制,2007
1谭军,《高校校园声环境质量评价刍议》,广西大学硕士论文,2008
2胡振平,《建筑声学在师范大学体育馆的应用》,福建建筑,2008
3 J. Blauert,“Product-sound assessments: An enigmatic issue from the point of view of engineering”, Pro. Inter-noise 94 , Japan, 1994
4安藤四一:《建筑声学、声源、声场与听众之融合》,吴硕贤、赵越喆译,天津:天津大学出版社,2006, P1
1白瑞纳克,《音乐厅和歌剧院》,上海:同济大学出版社,2002/5
1朱小雷,《建成环境主观评价方法研究》,东南大学出版社,2005/5
1朱小雷,《建成环境主观评价方法研究》,东南大学出版社,2005/5
1白瑞纳克,《音乐厅和歌剧院》,上海:同济大学出版社,2002/5
[1]白瑞纳克.音乐厅和歌剧院.上海:同济大学出版社,2002/5
[2]艾尔?巴比.社会研究方法.北京:华夏出版社,2005/6
[3]卢纹岱.SPSS for Windows统计分析.电子工业出版社,2006/6
[4]朱小雷.建成环境主观评价方法研究.东南大学出版社,2005/5
[5]安藤四一.音乐厅声学.中国科学出版社,1989
[6]马大猷,沈壕.声学手册(修订版) .科学出版社, 2004,
[7]项端祈.近代音乐厅建筑.科学出版社, 2000
[8]安藤四一.建筑声学、声源、声场与听众之融合.天津大学出版社, 2006
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