摘要
超声波电机(Ultrasonic Motor)是近二十年来发展起来的一种新原理电机,其原理不同于传统的电磁型电机,它是利用压电陶瓷的逆压电效应使定子的表面质点产生椭圆运动,通过定子和转子之间的摩擦力驱动转子运动。这种新型的电机与传统电磁电机相比,具有响应快、不受电磁干扰、结构紧凑、低速、大扭矩、断电自锁等优点,因而在微型机械、机器人、精密仪器、家用电器、航天器、汽车等方面显示出广泛的应用前景。
超声波电机结构确定以后,其性能往往不仅取决于电机本身,而且取决于驱动控制系统设计的好坏。本文针对行波型超声波电机的特点,以及行波型超声波电机驱动的特点和要求,在对行波型超声波电机的驱动控制系统进行了深入研究的基础上,设计了一套基于DSP的简单可行的驱动控制系统。
本论文主要工作和研究内容如下:
(1)分析行波型超声波电机的驱动控制系统。在阐述行波型超声波电机驱动控制原理的基础上,对几种典型的行波型超声波电机的驱动控制系统进行了分析,对它们的优势和存在的问题进行了分析。
(2)论述了方波驱动的原理和其作为行波型超声波电机驱动信号的可行性,并进行仿真分析。在对行波型超声波电机等效电路分析的基础上,讨论了方波作为驱动信号的优势,并对其进行了仿真计算。
(3)设计了一套行波型超声波电机驱动控制系统电路。采用DSP作为驱动控制的主要器件,方波作为驱动信号,简单的LC谐振驱动方式。实验结果表明,这套驱动控制系统基本满足了设计的要求,结构简单,调速系统响应速度比较快,调节连续平滑。
Being a sort of new principle micromotor in the fronitier of science.the Ultrosonic Motor(USM) is developed at recently twenty years.Utilizing the stator surface particle elliptical motion excited by piezoceeramics,the USM is drived by friction force between the stator and rotor.Compared with the conventional electromagnetic motor,the ultrasonic motor has the following features:high speed,high holding torque when power is off and so on.Because of it's characteristics,the ultrasonic motor has obtained some widespread application in robots, precise instrument, house electronical appliance, sapceecraft automobile and micromechanism.
When the Travelling Wave Ultrosonic Motor(TUSM)'s structure is determinated,it's peoformance will be lie on drive and control strategy. According to TUSM's characteristic and it's driving theory, a kind of USM's driver and control strategy is designed in this paper, which is based on Digital Singal Processor(DSP).
The main work accomplished is summarized as follows.
(1) Analyze different TUSM's drive and control sysytem.The different performance of the TUSM's drive and control system are compared in this paper..It analyzes every system good qualities and shortage.
(2) Discuss the square wave as drive signal and give simulation result.Based on the analysis of the TUSM's equivalent circuit, it's advantageis is proved and confirmed by simulate.
(3) Design a TUSM's drive and control experimental device.It use DSP as the main element and squaresignal and syntonic drive mode.Form the experiment,the system meet the TUSM's drive and control.Speed has fast response.
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