专业话剧院建筑声学设计研究
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摘要
话剧院是服务于话剧演出的专业演艺场所,由于话剧演出的特殊性,特别是以自然声演出的话剧院,对建筑声学的要求非常高。因此,话剧院中的建筑声学设计是专业话剧院建筑设计中的一个关键点和难点。
本文研究专业话剧的建筑声学设计问题,为话剧演员创造优良的表演环境,为观众创造优良的听觉效果,避免因设计不合理而产生的声学缺陷,具有重要的现实意义和理论意义。同时,对剧院建筑,特别是以自然声演出的建筑还具有一定的参考价值。
本文以专业话剧院作为主要研究对象(以武汉中南剧场为研究实例),从建筑声学的角度出发,通过对大量相关文献的阅读以及理论联系实际来对专业话剧院的建筑声学设计进行研究。本文主要内容可概括为以下三个部分:
第一部分是绪论部分。主要对话剧院建筑声学设计研究的背景进行阐述,分析了对此类厅堂建筑声学研究的重要意义,并指出研究的基本方法和框架。
第二部分是有关理论部分的研究和分析。主要介绍剧院的产生、发展、类型和特点,以及有关话剧院建筑声学设计的内容、要求等。为实际工程的实施奠定了理论基础。
第三部分结合自己的工程实践对话剧院建筑声学设计进行分析和总结。主要包括中南剧场的建筑声学设计、计算机仿真模拟技术的应用以及工程完工后的声学测量。
The drama theater is mainly for performing dramas. The standard of architecture acoustics of the drama theater that mainly use natural sounds on drama performances is very high, so the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater is extremely pivotal and difficult in the design of architecture of the drama theater.
This monograph consider the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater. In this paper, there is an important practical significance and theoretical significance for creating an excellent environment performance for the drama actors and creating an excellent sound effects for the audience and avoiding acoustics defects that come from unreasonable design.
This article takes the main object of study by the professional drama theater. This paper makes a study of the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater mainly from architecture acoustical angle embarking and through coming to massive related literature's reading as well as the apply theory to reality. The main contents of this article can be summarized as the following three parts:
The first part is the introduction part. This part mainly elaborates on the background of drama theater architecture acoustics design. It analyzes the significance of architecture acoustics research in this buildings and points out the basic method and framework.
The second part is about the research and analysis of the theory part. It mainly introducts the theater’s production, development, type and characteristic as well as the content and requirements of the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater. This part lays the theoretic foundation for practical projects.
The third part carries on the analysis and the summary to the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater by combining my project practice. It mainly includes the followings: the design of architecture acoustics of the Zhong Nan theater, the application of computer simulation technique and the acoustical measurement .
本文研究专业话剧的建筑声学设计问题,为话剧演员创造优良的表演环境,为观众创造优良的听觉效果,避免因设计不合理而产生的声学缺陷,具有重要的现实意义和理论意义。同时,对剧院建筑,特别是以自然声演出的建筑还具有一定的参考价值。
本文以专业话剧院作为主要研究对象(以武汉中南剧场为研究实例),从建筑声学的角度出发,通过对大量相关文献的阅读以及理论联系实际来对专业话剧院的建筑声学设计进行研究。本文主要内容可概括为以下三个部分:
第一部分是绪论部分。主要对话剧院建筑声学设计研究的背景进行阐述,分析了对此类厅堂建筑声学研究的重要意义,并指出研究的基本方法和框架。
第二部分是有关理论部分的研究和分析。主要介绍剧院的产生、发展、类型和特点,以及有关话剧院建筑声学设计的内容、要求等。为实际工程的实施奠定了理论基础。
第三部分结合自己的工程实践对话剧院建筑声学设计进行分析和总结。主要包括中南剧场的建筑声学设计、计算机仿真模拟技术的应用以及工程完工后的声学测量。
The drama theater is mainly for performing dramas. The standard of architecture acoustics of the drama theater that mainly use natural sounds on drama performances is very high, so the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater is extremely pivotal and difficult in the design of architecture of the drama theater.
This monograph consider the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater. In this paper, there is an important practical significance and theoretical significance for creating an excellent environment performance for the drama actors and creating an excellent sound effects for the audience and avoiding acoustics defects that come from unreasonable design.
This article takes the main object of study by the professional drama theater. This paper makes a study of the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater mainly from architecture acoustical angle embarking and through coming to massive related literature's reading as well as the apply theory to reality. The main contents of this article can be summarized as the following three parts:
The first part is the introduction part. This part mainly elaborates on the background of drama theater architecture acoustics design. It analyzes the significance of architecture acoustics research in this buildings and points out the basic method and framework.
The second part is about the research and analysis of the theory part. It mainly introducts the theater’s production, development, type and characteristic as well as the content and requirements of the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater. This part lays the theoretic foundation for practical projects.
The third part carries on the analysis and the summary to the design of architecture acoustics of the drama theater by combining my project practice. It mainly includes the followings: the design of architecture acoustics of the Zhong Nan theater, the application of computer simulation technique and the acoustical measurement .
引文
[1]中华人民共和国文化部官方网站.文化统计. http://www.ccnt.gov.cn/ whbwhgz/whbwhtj/t20080612—54981. htm
[2]田本相,焦尚志.中国话剧史研究概述.北京:文化艺术出版社, 1993, 72
[3] Roberto Pompoli, Andrea Farnetani, Nicola Prod. Acoustics of Ancient Greek and Roman Theatre. Journal Of South China University Of Technology(Natrual Science Edittion), 2007, 35(z1): 5
[4]张晓晨.神佑的古代剧场.歌剧, 2007, (10): 49-51
[5]俞健.世界剧场建设概述.演艺科技, 2006, (3): 3-6
[6] G. A. Soulodre, J. S. Bradley. Proc. W. C. Sabine Centennial Symposium, 1994, 27
[7]李道增,傅英杰.西方戏剧史.北京:清华大学出版社, 1999, 69
[8]傅英杰.战后欧美剧场建筑概观.建筑学报, 1998, (5): 56-58
[9]毛凯,毛伟.传统剧场漫谈.戏曲艺术, 2002, (2): 103-104
[10]吴金宝.中国古代剧场之演变.南阳师范学院学报(社会科学版), 2007, (7): 67
[11]惜珍.中国最早的西式剧场—兰心大剧院.档案春秋, 2007, (6): 46-48
[12]俞健.谈谈国内现代化剧场建设.艺术科技, 2003, (1): 3-8
[13]傅海聪.国内新建剧场建筑的思考与展望.建筑学报, 2006, (8): 72-75
[14]中国建筑西南设计研究院.剧场建筑设计规范(JGJ 57-2000).北京:中国计划出版社, 2001, 43-45
[15] Michael Barron. Auditorium Acoustics and Architecrural Design. EFN Spon. 1993, 18
[16]项瑞祈.音乐建筑—音乐·声学·建筑.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1999, 186
[17]刘振亚.剧场建筑设计原理.北京:冶金工业出版社, 1989, 41
[18]郭富民.中国现代话剧教程.北京:中国戏剧出版社, 2004, 52
[19]欧阳予倩.话剧、新歌剧与中国戏剧艺术传统.上海:上海文艺出版社, 1959, 26
[20]申江,盛文革.敦厚之中出新意:中国国家话剧院方案.建筑创作, 2007, (11), 107
[21]宋拥民,章奎生.上海戏剧学院实验剧场改建音质设计.工程建设与设计,2008, (7): 11-14
[22]陈金京,王峥,项瑞祈.北京七色光儿童艺术剧院的声学设计.应用声学, 2002, 21(3): 35-39
[23]冯文化,贺加添,魏平华.中南剧场建筑声学设计.华中建筑, 2008, (5): 69-73
[24]项瑞祈.剧场建筑设计实践.北京:北京大学出版社, 1990, 33-41
[25] MAA. Dah_You. Microperforated panel wideband absorbers. Noise Cont Eng. 1987, 7: 98-101
[26]章奎生.演艺建筑工程设计建设中几个值得注意的问题.演艺设备与科技, 2006, (4): 44
[27]东南大学,同济大学,中国建筑科学研究院.剧场、电影院和多用途厅堂建筑声学设计规范(GB/T50356-2005).北京:中国计划出版社, 2005, 6-8
[28] J. S. Bradley. Some effects of orchestra shells. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1996, 100(2): 889-898
[29]王季卿.建筑厅堂音质设计.天津:天津科学技术出版社, 2001, 19-27
[30]项瑞祈.近代音乐厅建筑.北京:科学出版社, 2000, 25-26
[31]吴硕贤.建筑声学设计原理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2000, 97-98
[32] W·C·Sabine. Reverberation. The America Architect. collected papers on Acousfics, Dover, New York, 1964, 43
[33] J. H. Rindel. Design of N ew Ceiling Reflectors forI mproved Ensemblein Concert Hall. AppliedA coustics, 1991, 34 (1): 7-17
[34]宋效曾.多功能剧场早期反射声的合理安排.音响技术, 2005, (2): 19-21
[35]王季卿.声场扩散与厅堂音质.声学学报, 2001, 26, (5): 417-419
[36]章奎生.声学与建筑.声学技术, 2002, 21(1-2): 81
[37]声学建筑声音动听的关键—混响时间的控制.商场现代化学术版, 2005, (2): 171-172
[38] Smith BJ. Acoustics and Noise Control. Longman Group Limited, 1982, 15-18
[39]铁道第四勘察设计院.建设项目环境影响报告表—中南剧场易地新建项目[R], 2006
[40]谢伟平,常亮,杜勇.中南剧场隔振措施分析.岩土工程学报, 2007, 29(11): 1721
[41] Kclttruff H. Room Acoustics. Second Edition. Applied Science Publishers LTD, 1979, 12
[42]宋效曾.自然声·建声·电声.演艺设备与科技, 2007, (1): 28
[43]蒋国荣,王季卿.早期声在厅堂中的分布.声学学报, 2000, 25(3): 193-194
[44] He JiaTian, Li ZhiFei. Control and Computer Simulation of Acoustic Parameter in a Drama Theater . Journal Of South China University Of Technology(Natrual Science Edittion) , 2007, 35(z1): 47-49
[45]王季卿.耦合空间与厅堂音质.电声技术, 2005, (11): 9
[46]彭健新,吴硕贤,赵越喆.建筑声学软件ODEN及其在工程商的应用.电声技术, 2002, (5): 14
[47]蒋国荣.电声模拟软件EASE在声学设计中的应用.电声技术, 1996, (5): 8
[48]李碧香.声学设计软件EASE应用研究.重庆大学硕士论文, 2004, 10-13
[2]田本相,焦尚志.中国话剧史研究概述.北京:文化艺术出版社, 1993, 72
[3] Roberto Pompoli, Andrea Farnetani, Nicola Prod. Acoustics of Ancient Greek and Roman Theatre. Journal Of South China University Of Technology(Natrual Science Edittion), 2007, 35(z1): 5
[4]张晓晨.神佑的古代剧场.歌剧, 2007, (10): 49-51
[5]俞健.世界剧场建设概述.演艺科技, 2006, (3): 3-6
[6] G. A. Soulodre, J. S. Bradley. Proc. W. C. Sabine Centennial Symposium, 1994, 27
[7]李道增,傅英杰.西方戏剧史.北京:清华大学出版社, 1999, 69
[8]傅英杰.战后欧美剧场建筑概观.建筑学报, 1998, (5): 56-58
[9]毛凯,毛伟.传统剧场漫谈.戏曲艺术, 2002, (2): 103-104
[10]吴金宝.中国古代剧场之演变.南阳师范学院学报(社会科学版), 2007, (7): 67
[11]惜珍.中国最早的西式剧场—兰心大剧院.档案春秋, 2007, (6): 46-48
[12]俞健.谈谈国内现代化剧场建设.艺术科技, 2003, (1): 3-8
[13]傅海聪.国内新建剧场建筑的思考与展望.建筑学报, 2006, (8): 72-75
[14]中国建筑西南设计研究院.剧场建筑设计规范(JGJ 57-2000).北京:中国计划出版社, 2001, 43-45
[15] Michael Barron. Auditorium Acoustics and Architecrural Design. EFN Spon. 1993, 18
[16]项瑞祈.音乐建筑—音乐·声学·建筑.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1999, 186
[17]刘振亚.剧场建筑设计原理.北京:冶金工业出版社, 1989, 41
[18]郭富民.中国现代话剧教程.北京:中国戏剧出版社, 2004, 52
[19]欧阳予倩.话剧、新歌剧与中国戏剧艺术传统.上海:上海文艺出版社, 1959, 26
[20]申江,盛文革.敦厚之中出新意:中国国家话剧院方案.建筑创作, 2007, (11), 107
[21]宋拥民,章奎生.上海戏剧学院实验剧场改建音质设计.工程建设与设计,2008, (7): 11-14
[22]陈金京,王峥,项瑞祈.北京七色光儿童艺术剧院的声学设计.应用声学, 2002, 21(3): 35-39
[23]冯文化,贺加添,魏平华.中南剧场建筑声学设计.华中建筑, 2008, (5): 69-73
[24]项瑞祈.剧场建筑设计实践.北京:北京大学出版社, 1990, 33-41
[25] MAA. Dah_You. Microperforated panel wideband absorbers. Noise Cont Eng. 1987, 7: 98-101
[26]章奎生.演艺建筑工程设计建设中几个值得注意的问题.演艺设备与科技, 2006, (4): 44
[27]东南大学,同济大学,中国建筑科学研究院.剧场、电影院和多用途厅堂建筑声学设计规范(GB/T50356-2005).北京:中国计划出版社, 2005, 6-8
[28] J. S. Bradley. Some effects of orchestra shells. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1996, 100(2): 889-898
[29]王季卿.建筑厅堂音质设计.天津:天津科学技术出版社, 2001, 19-27
[30]项瑞祈.近代音乐厅建筑.北京:科学出版社, 2000, 25-26
[31]吴硕贤.建筑声学设计原理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2000, 97-98
[32] W·C·Sabine. Reverberation. The America Architect. collected papers on Acousfics, Dover, New York, 1964, 43
[33] J. H. Rindel. Design of N ew Ceiling Reflectors forI mproved Ensemblein Concert Hall. AppliedA coustics, 1991, 34 (1): 7-17
[34]宋效曾.多功能剧场早期反射声的合理安排.音响技术, 2005, (2): 19-21
[35]王季卿.声场扩散与厅堂音质.声学学报, 2001, 26, (5): 417-419
[36]章奎生.声学与建筑.声学技术, 2002, 21(1-2): 81
[37]声学建筑声音动听的关键—混响时间的控制.商场现代化学术版, 2005, (2): 171-172
[38] Smith BJ. Acoustics and Noise Control. Longman Group Limited, 1982, 15-18
[39]铁道第四勘察设计院.建设项目环境影响报告表—中南剧场易地新建项目[R], 2006
[40]谢伟平,常亮,杜勇.中南剧场隔振措施分析.岩土工程学报, 2007, 29(11): 1721
[41] Kclttruff H. Room Acoustics. Second Edition. Applied Science Publishers LTD, 1979, 12
[42]宋效曾.自然声·建声·电声.演艺设备与科技, 2007, (1): 28
[43]蒋国荣,王季卿.早期声在厅堂中的分布.声学学报, 2000, 25(3): 193-194
[44] He JiaTian, Li ZhiFei. Control and Computer Simulation of Acoustic Parameter in a Drama Theater . Journal Of South China University Of Technology(Natrual Science Edittion) , 2007, 35(z1): 47-49
[45]王季卿.耦合空间与厅堂音质.电声技术, 2005, (11): 9
[46]彭健新,吴硕贤,赵越喆.建筑声学软件ODEN及其在工程商的应用.电声技术, 2002, (5): 14
[47]蒋国荣.电声模拟软件EASE在声学设计中的应用.电声技术, 1996, (5): 8
[48]李碧香.声学设计软件EASE应用研究.重庆大学硕士论文, 2004, 10-13