煤矿水害监测预警技术及其应用
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摘要
矿区水害是矿产资源开采中常见的一种灾害,在地方小矿这类事故较多,危害很大,一旦发生事故,往往具有突发性和极大的危害性,不仅影响生产,造成经济损失,而且易发生重大伤亡事故;因此,煤矿开采中最重要的地质任务是探测采区内小构造的分布及其含(导)水性。对煤矿水害的监测预警工作,目前主要的勘测方法有两种:物探、钻探。钻探是用机械的方法对地下进行钻孔,这种方法在以前的勘测中普遍使用,它的成本很高,而且受地质条件的限制,部分情况下对技术的要求很高。物探是地球物理勘探的简称。主要通过物理的原理来进行勘探,主要研究岩石的不同密度、磁性等物理差异来进行研究,通过分析这些差异获取相应的物探资料,推断出探测区域内的地质构造情况。它较钻探而言比较经济,而且时间周期相对较短,它的使用前景越来越受到关注。论文应用地下磁流体探测技术实现对煤矿水害监测,在地表通过探针接收来至地球内部的地下磁流体的电磁波信号,经探测电缆到地下磁流体探测仪,由探测仪提取特征信息并送上位机综合分析得出探测结果。实际应用表明:地下磁流体探测技术是一种有效的矿区水害防治新方法。论文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:
(1)介绍了煤矿水害的分类及特点,分析并研究了煤矿水害形成的模式和机理,在此基础上提出煤矿涌水量的预测预算方法。
(2)在分析传统煤矿水害监测方法局限性的基础上,针对煤矿水害的形成机理和特点,结合地下磁流体探测方法的基本原理,研究并提出了基于地下磁流体探测技术的矿区导水断层、老空水、地下岩溶裂隙或巷道等的定性、定量探测方法。
(3)实验论证。通过在贵州省水城矿业(集团)有限责任公司的多个煤矿、其他矿区的煤矿或非煤矿进行了实际试验和应用,验证论文提出探测方法的可靠性和可行性。
The water disaster is a common form of mining disasters in the mining of mineral resources,,and more common in the small local mines.The water disaster causing great harm in the event of accidents, often with sudden and great harm not only affect production and also resulting in economic losses and prone to heavy casualties. Therefore, the most important coal mining geology mining task is to detect the distribution of small geology structures and water in the mining's region. The monitoring of coal mine water disaster early warning, the main investigation in two ways: geophysical and drilling. Drilling is the method of mechanical underground drilling, this method commonly used in the previous survey, it is costly, but also by the geological conditions, some cases are very demanding of technology. Is short for geophysical exploration geophysics. Primarily through the exploration of physical principles to the main study rocks of different densities, magnetic and other physical differences to study these differences by analyzing the corresponding geophysical data obtained, it concluded that detection of geological conditions within the region. It is more economical in terms of more drilling, and the relatively short period of time, prospects for its use more and more attention.In this paper the magnetic fluid detection technology has been applyied to the coal mine's undergroundwater hazards monitoring.Through the probe installed on the surface to the earth, the electromagnetic signal generated by the underground magnetic fluid inside the mining has been received. The signal transferred to the detection instrument from the detection cable. Through the analysis sofeware,we can extract the feature information from the detection signal. And the detection result was comprehensive alalysised and been concluded. The application shows that: underground magnetic fluid detection technology is an effective new method of mine water hazard control. The main research contents include the following:
(1) Describes the classification of coal mines and features water hazards, analyze and study the formation of coal mine water disaster mode and mechanism of coal on the basis proposed method of prediction of water inflow budget.
(2) Analysis of the traditional coal mine water disaster monitoring methods limitations, based on the coal mine water damage formation mechanism and characteristics, combined with underground magnetic fluid detection method of the basic principles of research and put forward the underground magnetic fluid detection in Mining conductivity fault. The old empty water tunnel and other underground karst fissures or the qualitative and quantitative detection method was been concluded.
(3) Experimental demonstration. Watertown by Guizhou Province Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. of multiple coal mines, coal or other coal mining carried out practical experiments and applications, verify the reliability of the method proposed and the feasibility of detection.
(1)介绍了煤矿水害的分类及特点,分析并研究了煤矿水害形成的模式和机理,在此基础上提出煤矿涌水量的预测预算方法。
(2)在分析传统煤矿水害监测方法局限性的基础上,针对煤矿水害的形成机理和特点,结合地下磁流体探测方法的基本原理,研究并提出了基于地下磁流体探测技术的矿区导水断层、老空水、地下岩溶裂隙或巷道等的定性、定量探测方法。
(3)实验论证。通过在贵州省水城矿业(集团)有限责任公司的多个煤矿、其他矿区的煤矿或非煤矿进行了实际试验和应用,验证论文提出探测方法的可靠性和可行性。
The water disaster is a common form of mining disasters in the mining of mineral resources,,and more common in the small local mines.The water disaster causing great harm in the event of accidents, often with sudden and great harm not only affect production and also resulting in economic losses and prone to heavy casualties. Therefore, the most important coal mining geology mining task is to detect the distribution of small geology structures and water in the mining's region. The monitoring of coal mine water disaster early warning, the main investigation in two ways: geophysical and drilling. Drilling is the method of mechanical underground drilling, this method commonly used in the previous survey, it is costly, but also by the geological conditions, some cases are very demanding of technology. Is short for geophysical exploration geophysics. Primarily through the exploration of physical principles to the main study rocks of different densities, magnetic and other physical differences to study these differences by analyzing the corresponding geophysical data obtained, it concluded that detection of geological conditions within the region. It is more economical in terms of more drilling, and the relatively short period of time, prospects for its use more and more attention.In this paper the magnetic fluid detection technology has been applyied to the coal mine's undergroundwater hazards monitoring.Through the probe installed on the surface to the earth, the electromagnetic signal generated by the underground magnetic fluid inside the mining has been received. The signal transferred to the detection instrument from the detection cable. Through the analysis sofeware,we can extract the feature information from the detection signal. And the detection result was comprehensive alalysised and been concluded. The application shows that: underground magnetic fluid detection technology is an effective new method of mine water hazard control. The main research contents include the following:
(1) Describes the classification of coal mines and features water hazards, analyze and study the formation of coal mine water disaster mode and mechanism of coal on the basis proposed method of prediction of water inflow budget.
(2) Analysis of the traditional coal mine water disaster monitoring methods limitations, based on the coal mine water damage formation mechanism and characteristics, combined with underground magnetic fluid detection method of the basic principles of research and put forward the underground magnetic fluid detection in Mining conductivity fault. The old empty water tunnel and other underground karst fissures or the qualitative and quantitative detection method was been concluded.
(3) Experimental demonstration. Watertown by Guizhou Province Mining (Group) Co., Ltd. of multiple coal mines, coal or other coal mining carried out practical experiments and applications, verify the reliability of the method proposed and the feasibility of detection.
引文
[1]张宗祜.中国地下水的现状与未来[R].北京国际会议中心:第34届国际水文地质大会,2006.
[2]张胜,韩许恒等.高密度电法在采空区勘测中的应用[J].灾害学,2005,20(4):64-66.
[3]赵光辉.高密度电法勘探技术及其应用[J].矿产与地质,2006,20(2):167-178.
[4]潘玉玲,万乐.核磁共振找水方法的现状和发展趋势[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(1):106-108.
[5]王光海,李高明.用核磁共振测井确定渗透率的原理和方法分析[J].测井技术,2001,25(1):101-104.
[6] Tichonov, A.N., Mathematical basis of the theory of electromagnetic sounding USSR Compute[J]. Math. and Math.Phys.5:207-211,1965.
[7] M. H.别尔季切夫斯基,M.C.日丹诺夫.地球变化电磁场异常的解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.
[8] Weidelt,D.P., The inverse problem of geomagnetic induction[J].Zeiuchriz fur geophyrik,38:257-289, 1972.
[9] Whittall,K.P. and Oldenburg D. W.,Inverse of magnetotelluric data using a practical inverse scattering formulation[J].Geophysics,51:389-395,1986.
[10] Levy, B.C., Layer by layer reconstruction methods for the earth resistivity from direct-current measurements [J].IEEE GE-23:841-850,1985.
[11] Liu Hong, Yang Qiji, New method for low frequency EM inversion,1988 International Sym-possum on Radio Propagation, Beijing, 227-230, 1988.
[12] Helliwell,R.A.,Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena[J]. Stanford University Press,1965.
[13] LiuHong,YangQiji,Research and design for the geoelectric cepstrum detector[S].勘探地球物理北京(89)国际讨论会,1989.
[14]杨荣丰,张可能等.利用天然电场选频法的动、静态信息确定地下径流通道[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(4):25-27.
[15]曹英武.天然电场选频法在找水中的应用[J].国土资源导报,2006, 3(3):142-143.
[16]张明锋,张水根等.天然电场选频法在地下水资源探测中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2003,1:24-25.
[17]杨昌武.天然电场选频法在水文地质和工程地质中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004,5:86-88.
[18]黄采伦,应文亮.地下磁流体检测仪[P].中国:CN2329015,1999-05-12
[19]杨孟达.煤矿地质学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[20]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[21]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[22]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机理及预测预报[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
[23] WU Q,WANGM,WU X. Investigations of ground2water bursting into coalmine seam floors from faultzones[ J ]. International Journal of RockMechanicsandMing Sciences, 2004, 41 (4) : 5572571
[24] ZHANG J. Investigations of water inrushes fromaquifers under coal seams [ J ]. Int J Rock MechMin Sci, 2005, 42 (3) : 3502360
[25]尹尚先,武强.陷落柱概化模式及突水力学判据[ J ].北京科技大学学报, 2006, 28 ( 9 ) :8122817郑世书,陈江中等编1专门水文地质学[M] 1中国矿业大学出版社, 1999 (9)
[26]肖有才,卫国祥1基于误差检验的稳定流抽水试验可靠性研究[J ] 1地质与勘探, 2006 (3)煤炭
[27]张伟民.汾孝矿区矿井水害与防治[J].矿业快报, 2007, (03)
[28]惠晓萍.浅谈现代企业制度下的财务管理[J].陕西煤炭, 2002, (04)
[29]彭满华,张海顺,刘东燕,汪东云.钻孔灌注桩施工过程中遇到的问题及防治措施[J].西部探矿工程, 2000, (04)
[30]付敏.发展外向型经济与环境保护[J].商业研究, 2001, (12)
[31]庞秀武.推进管理创新提高煤炭企业管理水平[J].陕西煤炭, 2003, (04)
[32]温倩,卢英林,刘维奇,杨世明.高等工程专科学生知识、能力的调查分析[J].河南纺织高等专科学校学报, 2001, (02)
[33]项成林,林爱妮.排除氨干扰的电导率测定[J].净水技术, 1995, (02)
[34]贺成才. Toeplitz矩阵相乘的快速算法[J].西南石油学院学报, 1999, (03)
[35]张秀珍,梁惠.山东省30种常见水产品油脂的脂肪酸含量分析[J].海洋科学, 2000, (08)
[36]崔焕玉.采用综合物探技术防治矿井水害[J]河北煤炭, 2010,(02)
[37]毛志国.利用综合物探方法解决矿井地质问题[J]河北煤炭, 1999,(01)
[38]韩银行,袁会,肖新成.赵家寨煤矿综合防治水技术探讨及应用[J]科技信息, 2009,(19)
[39]刘勇锋,马海涛,付士根.综合物探技术在老空区水害防治中的应用[J]中国安全生产科学技术, 2010,(06)
[40]刘树才.煤矿底板突水机理及破坏裂隙带演化动态探测技术[D]中国矿业大学, 2008 .
[41]黄先伍.巷道围岩应力场及变形时效性研究[D]中国矿业大学, 2008 .
[42]张壮路.工作面顶板涌水量预测的渗流与应力耦合方法研究[D]煤炭科学研究总院, 2009 .
[43]黄存捍.采动断层突水机理研究[D]中南大学, 2010 .
[44]罗立平.矿井老空水形成机制与防水煤柱留设研究[D]中国矿业大学(北京), 2010
[45]李刚,秦军,张宝安.地表积水对煤矿安全开采影响的数值模拟[J]水资源与水工程学报, 2011,(01)
[46]邹少海.矿井水害预防与检测技术[J].知识经济, 2010, (14)
[47]王广才,段琦,常永生.矿井水害防治中的水文地球化学探查方法[J]中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2000,(01) .
[48]陈酩知,刘树才,杨国勇.矿井涌水量预测方法的发展[J]工程地球物理学报, 2009,(01) .
[49]徐智敏.深部开采底板破坏及高承压突水模式、前兆与防治[D]中国矿业大学, 2010 .
[50]马志飞,王祖平,刘鸿福.应用综合物探方法探测煤矿采空区[J]四川地质学报, 2009,(01)
[2]张胜,韩许恒等.高密度电法在采空区勘测中的应用[J].灾害学,2005,20(4):64-66.
[3]赵光辉.高密度电法勘探技术及其应用[J].矿产与地质,2006,20(2):167-178.
[4]潘玉玲,万乐.核磁共振找水方法的现状和发展趋势[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(1):106-108.
[5]王光海,李高明.用核磁共振测井确定渗透率的原理和方法分析[J].测井技术,2001,25(1):101-104.
[6] Tichonov, A.N., Mathematical basis of the theory of electromagnetic sounding USSR Compute[J]. Math. and Math.Phys.5:207-211,1965.
[7] M. H.别尔季切夫斯基,M.C.日丹诺夫.地球变化电磁场异常的解释[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.
[8] Weidelt,D.P., The inverse problem of geomagnetic induction[J].Zeiuchriz fur geophyrik,38:257-289, 1972.
[9] Whittall,K.P. and Oldenburg D. W.,Inverse of magnetotelluric data using a practical inverse scattering formulation[J].Geophysics,51:389-395,1986.
[10] Levy, B.C., Layer by layer reconstruction methods for the earth resistivity from direct-current measurements [J].IEEE GE-23:841-850,1985.
[11] Liu Hong, Yang Qiji, New method for low frequency EM inversion,1988 International Sym-possum on Radio Propagation, Beijing, 227-230, 1988.
[12] Helliwell,R.A.,Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena[J]. Stanford University Press,1965.
[13] LiuHong,YangQiji,Research and design for the geoelectric cepstrum detector[S].勘探地球物理北京(89)国际讨论会,1989.
[14]杨荣丰,张可能等.利用天然电场选频法的动、静态信息确定地下径流通道[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(4):25-27.
[15]曹英武.天然电场选频法在找水中的应用[J].国土资源导报,2006, 3(3):142-143.
[16]张明锋,张水根等.天然电场选频法在地下水资源探测中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2003,1:24-25.
[17]杨昌武.天然电场选频法在水文地质和工程地质中的应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004,5:86-88.
[18]黄采伦,应文亮.地下磁流体检测仪[P].中国:CN2329015,1999-05-12
[19]杨孟达.煤矿地质学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[20]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[21]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[22]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机理及预测预报[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
[23] WU Q,WANGM,WU X. Investigations of ground2water bursting into coalmine seam floors from faultzones[ J ]. International Journal of RockMechanicsandMing Sciences, 2004, 41 (4) : 5572571
[24] ZHANG J. Investigations of water inrushes fromaquifers under coal seams [ J ]. Int J Rock MechMin Sci, 2005, 42 (3) : 3502360
[25]尹尚先,武强.陷落柱概化模式及突水力学判据[ J ].北京科技大学学报, 2006, 28 ( 9 ) :8122817郑世书,陈江中等编1专门水文地质学[M] 1中国矿业大学出版社, 1999 (9)
[26]肖有才,卫国祥1基于误差检验的稳定流抽水试验可靠性研究[J ] 1地质与勘探, 2006 (3)煤炭
[27]张伟民.汾孝矿区矿井水害与防治[J].矿业快报, 2007, (03)
[28]惠晓萍.浅谈现代企业制度下的财务管理[J].陕西煤炭, 2002, (04)
[29]彭满华,张海顺,刘东燕,汪东云.钻孔灌注桩施工过程中遇到的问题及防治措施[J].西部探矿工程, 2000, (04)
[30]付敏.发展外向型经济与环境保护[J].商业研究, 2001, (12)
[31]庞秀武.推进管理创新提高煤炭企业管理水平[J].陕西煤炭, 2003, (04)
[32]温倩,卢英林,刘维奇,杨世明.高等工程专科学生知识、能力的调查分析[J].河南纺织高等专科学校学报, 2001, (02)
[33]项成林,林爱妮.排除氨干扰的电导率测定[J].净水技术, 1995, (02)
[34]贺成才. Toeplitz矩阵相乘的快速算法[J].西南石油学院学报, 1999, (03)
[35]张秀珍,梁惠.山东省30种常见水产品油脂的脂肪酸含量分析[J].海洋科学, 2000, (08)
[36]崔焕玉.采用综合物探技术防治矿井水害[J]河北煤炭, 2010,(02)
[37]毛志国.利用综合物探方法解决矿井地质问题[J]河北煤炭, 1999,(01)
[38]韩银行,袁会,肖新成.赵家寨煤矿综合防治水技术探讨及应用[J]科技信息, 2009,(19)
[39]刘勇锋,马海涛,付士根.综合物探技术在老空区水害防治中的应用[J]中国安全生产科学技术, 2010,(06)
[40]刘树才.煤矿底板突水机理及破坏裂隙带演化动态探测技术[D]中国矿业大学, 2008 .
[41]黄先伍.巷道围岩应力场及变形时效性研究[D]中国矿业大学, 2008 .
[42]张壮路.工作面顶板涌水量预测的渗流与应力耦合方法研究[D]煤炭科学研究总院, 2009 .
[43]黄存捍.采动断层突水机理研究[D]中南大学, 2010 .
[44]罗立平.矿井老空水形成机制与防水煤柱留设研究[D]中国矿业大学(北京), 2010
[45]李刚,秦军,张宝安.地表积水对煤矿安全开采影响的数值模拟[J]水资源与水工程学报, 2011,(01)
[46]邹少海.矿井水害预防与检测技术[J].知识经济, 2010, (14)
[47]王广才,段琦,常永生.矿井水害防治中的水文地球化学探查方法[J]中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2000,(01) .
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