1-3岁小儿语言发育迟缓筛查表北京市常模制订
摘要
目的：语言发育迟缓是婴幼儿发育中较为常见的问题，是父母最为关注的问题之一。鉴于我国目前各地医疗条件不同，尚没有一套完整的检查手段用于早期发现语言障碍儿童，从而延误了干预的最佳时期，不仅影响了儿童的一生，同时也给家庭和社会造成了不可估量的损失。为了早期识别、诊断幼儿语言发育迟缓，制订一套适用于小年龄儿童言语发育的筛查量表是有良好的临床效益和社会效益的。
本量表适用于1.3岁儿童，由五个分量表组成，包括听觉、言语理解、言语表达、社会性发展、运动能力，该量表不仅适用于正常儿童，也适用于听力障碍、单纯性语言发育迟缓、孤独症等患儿的筛查。我们着手制订这一量表，并建立北京市常模。
方法：根据2000年北京市人口普查资料，对北京的各个城区、儿童年龄、性别、母亲职业等因素按比例分层抽样的方法，共抽取了582例1-3岁儿童，样本人群中上述几个因素的构成与北京市人口资料相吻合，具有较好的代表性。由经过专门培训的调查员入户调查，并核实由儿童的父母或看护人所填写的问卷是否属实。量表返回我处经审核无误后，录入计算机，用SPSS10.0统计软件包进行统计分析。
结果：各个条目及总量表具有适当的难易程度；量表的项目定位基本合理，对于个别顺序倒置的项目进行调整；信度和效度研究显示各分量表及总量表具有较高的信度(0.695～0.992)和效度(0.667～0.992)，
山西医科大学
不沉d二演开究生毕习七论文
符合心理测量学的要求。采用主轴因子分析法对量表进行多因素分析，
结果显示:根据原变量对应的最大因子负荷，将原变量分为五类，与量
表设计的五个因素完全符合，说明该量表的区分效度较高。
结论:小儿语言发育迟缓筛查量表具有良好的信度和效度，临床上
可以使用该量表筛查出语言发育迟缓儿童并对他们进行鉴别诊断，值得
在北京市内推广使用并作为全国常模研制的参考。
Objective: Language retardation is the one of most serious diseases resulting in human being all over the world. In present, we haven't got a kind of screening tools that can be used for the early diagnosis and intervention of language retardation. Working out a kind of mental development scales suitable for language retardation diagnosing is obviously very important. This kind of mental development scales is suitable for 1-3 year 0ld, and consisted of six subscales. It can assess the child's ability in hearing, understanding speech, expressing speech, personal-social, locomotor. Therefore, we set about drafting the scale and establishing the urban norm of Beijing.
Method: In the light of the Beijing statistics yearbook(2000), the samples consisted of 582 children aged 1-3 years old were collected in a stratified and random way according to city rank, age, sex, paternal occupation. Each subject was tested individually and filled in a form. In the end, all the forms were analyzed applying in SPSS 10.0 For Windows.
Results: The sample had better representation. Ttem analysis indicated that the scale had suitable difficulty and highly discriminating function. The scale had high reliability and validity. The component analysis result of the scale shows that the 5 factors are necessary.
Conclusion: Screening and diagnosing language retardation scales have ideal reliability and validity. Apart from using in the intelligent assessment in Beijing, it can be used extensively through the country.
本量表适用于1.3岁儿童，由五个分量表组成，包括听觉、言语理解、言语表达、社会性发展、运动能力，该量表不仅适用于正常儿童，也适用于听力障碍、单纯性语言发育迟缓、孤独症等患儿的筛查。我们着手制订这一量表，并建立北京市常模。
方法：根据2000年北京市人口普查资料，对北京的各个城区、儿童年龄、性别、母亲职业等因素按比例分层抽样的方法，共抽取了582例1-3岁儿童，样本人群中上述几个因素的构成与北京市人口资料相吻合，具有较好的代表性。由经过专门培训的调查员入户调查，并核实由儿童的父母或看护人所填写的问卷是否属实。量表返回我处经审核无误后，录入计算机，用SPSS10.0统计软件包进行统计分析。
结果：各个条目及总量表具有适当的难易程度；量表的项目定位基本合理，对于个别顺序倒置的项目进行调整；信度和效度研究显示各分量表及总量表具有较高的信度(0.695～0.992)和效度(0.667～0.992)，
山西医科大学
不沉d二演开究生毕习七论文
符合心理测量学的要求。采用主轴因子分析法对量表进行多因素分析，
结果显示:根据原变量对应的最大因子负荷，将原变量分为五类，与量
表设计的五个因素完全符合，说明该量表的区分效度较高。
结论:小儿语言发育迟缓筛查量表具有良好的信度和效度，临床上
可以使用该量表筛查出语言发育迟缓儿童并对他们进行鉴别诊断，值得
在北京市内推广使用并作为全国常模研制的参考。
Objective: Language retardation is the one of most serious diseases resulting in human being all over the world. In present, we haven't got a kind of screening tools that can be used for the early diagnosis and intervention of language retardation. Working out a kind of mental development scales suitable for language retardation diagnosing is obviously very important. This kind of mental development scales is suitable for 1-3 year 0ld, and consisted of six subscales. It can assess the child's ability in hearing, understanding speech, expressing speech, personal-social, locomotor. Therefore, we set about drafting the scale and establishing the urban norm of Beijing.
Method: In the light of the Beijing statistics yearbook(2000), the samples consisted of 582 children aged 1-3 years old were collected in a stratified and random way according to city rank, age, sex, paternal occupation. Each subject was tested individually and filled in a form. In the end, all the forms were analyzed applying in SPSS 10.0 For Windows.
Results: The sample had better representation. Ttem analysis indicated that the scale had suitable difficulty and highly discriminating function. The scale had high reliability and validity. The component analysis result of the scale shows that the 5 factors are necessary.
Conclusion: Screening and diagnosing language retardation scales have ideal reliability and validity. Apart from using in the intelligent assessment in Beijing, it can be used extensively through the country.
引文
1．桂诗春：心理语言心理学．出版社．
2．李甦，李文馥等．3-6岁幼儿言语表达能力发展特点研究．心理科学杂志．2002；第25卷：283-285
3．魏金铠，栗克清等现代儿童心理疾病．人民军医出版社．2002．
4. William Dingwall: "The Evollution of Human Communication System"in H. Whitaker & H. Whitaker (eds):Studies in Neurolinguisties(New York;Academic Press, 1979),Vol.4,P.46-49
5. Dan Stobin: Psycholinguistics (Glenview Illinois: Scolt, Foresman & Company, 1979), 2nd Edition, 131-133.
6. Akhtar, N., carpenter, M. Therole of discourse novelty in children's early word learning. Child Development, 1996,67:635-645.
7. Damon W. (ed). Handbook of child Psychology. New York: John Wiley &Sons. Inc,1995: 309-466.
8. Nckoon,G.,&Ratoliff, R.Memory-based language processing: Psycholinguistic research in the 190s.Annuai Review of Psychology, 1998,49:25-42.
9. Bloom,L.,&Lahey,M. language development and language disorder. New York: 1978,Wiley.
10. Oviatt, S.L.The emerging ability to comprehend language: An experimental approach. Child Development. 1980,51:97-106.
11. Samuel,A.Kirk,& James, J. Mc Carthy. Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (Revised Edition). Chicago University of Illinois Press, 1968.
12．李文馥等．儿童理解程度副词的特征．心理科学，1993：(1)：28-33．
13．朱曼殊等．幼儿口头言语调查研究一．心理学报，1979；(3)281-286。
14. Bruce,J.Morton,&Sandra, E. Trehub. Children's understanding of emotion in speech. Child Development. 2001,72:834-843.
15．朱曼殊等．儿童语言发展研究．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1986；9-19．
16．日本言語療法士協會言語視覺療法．日本．東京協同醫書出版社，1992．
17．田中美鄉，等小兒語言障礙 日本東京：醫齒藥出版社
18．小寺富子等．語言發育遲緩檢查手册．日本東京：語言發育檢查法制定委員會，1992．
19．福迫陽子等．語言治療手册．日本東京：醫齒藥出版社，1984．
20．高木隆郎譯．語言發育及其障礙．日本東京：醫學書院，1983．
21．朱智贤．儿童心理学．北京．：人民教育出版社，1981．
22．宋杰等．小儿智能发育检查．上海科学出版社，1987．
23．北京市2000年人口普查资料：北京市统计局．
24. Frenkenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P, et al, Denver Ⅱ technical rlanual, Denver CO: Denver Developmental Materials, 1990.20-45
25．彭凯平等：心理测验．华夏出版社，1990；96
26．郑日昌：心理测量．湖南出版社．1987．
27．戴晓阳，龚耀先等．中国-韦氏幼儿智力量表：结构效度的研究．心理科学通讯，1989，6：30
28．魏金铠等．现代儿童心理行为疾病：儿童语言发育障碍．人民军医出版社，2002，161-174
29. Aiken, L.R.,Psychologicaltesting, Brooks&BaconInc, boston,1985
30. Anastasi, A.,Psychologicaltesting(5thed,)Macmillan ,New .York, 1982
31．姚萍编译．了解心理测验过程．北京大学出版社．2000
32. Lewis Ra. Psychological testing and assessment. Boston and London and Sydney:Croom Helm,1987:81
33. Cronbach, L.J. (1990).Essenticalsof Psychological Testing. (5thEdition).New York: Harper Collins
34. Baron, H. (1996). " Strengths and limitations of ipsative measurement" .Journal of Occupational and Organizational
Psychology, 69,48-56
35．郑延平．量表研究的策略．国外医学精神病学分册，1987，14(3)：144
36．徐韬园主编．现代精神医学．上海：上海医科大学出版社，2000
37．中华医学会精神科分会．中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMD)第三版
38. J Law, J Boyle et al. Screening for Speech and Language :A Systemtatic review of the Literature.Healthy Technology Assessment 1998;Vol. 2:No9
39．莫雷．能力结构研究的基本方法与方法论问题．心理学报，1988，20(3)
40. Kimberley BP, Brown DK, Eggermont JJ. Measuring human cochlear traveling wave delay using distortion product emission phase responses. J Acoust Soc Am, 1993,94:1343
41. Martin GK, Ohlms LA, Franklin DJ, et al. Distortion product emissions in human Ⅲ, Influences of sensorineural hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1990,99:30
42．刘爱国等．听力正常人畸变产物耳声发射的基本特性．临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志，1998，10
43. Bellman S, Barnard S, Beagley HA. A nine-year review of 841 children tested by transtympanic electrocochleo-graphy[J]. J Laryngol Otol,1984,98:1
44. Bauch cd, Olsen WO. Auditory brainstem responses as a function of [J]. Audiology, 1998,27:156
2．李甦，李文馥等．3-6岁幼儿言语表达能力发展特点研究．心理科学杂志．2002；第25卷：283-285
3．魏金铠，栗克清等现代儿童心理疾病．人民军医出版社．2002．
4. William Dingwall: "The Evollution of Human Communication System"in H. Whitaker & H. Whitaker (eds):Studies in Neurolinguisties(New York;Academic Press, 1979),Vol.4,P.46-49
5. Dan Stobin: Psycholinguistics (Glenview Illinois: Scolt, Foresman & Company, 1979), 2nd Edition, 131-133.
6. Akhtar, N., carpenter, M. Therole of discourse novelty in children's early word learning. Child Development, 1996,67:635-645.
7. Damon W. (ed). Handbook of child Psychology. New York: John Wiley &Sons. Inc,1995: 309-466.
8. Nckoon,G.,&Ratoliff, R.Memory-based language processing: Psycholinguistic research in the 190s.Annuai Review of Psychology, 1998,49:25-42.
9. Bloom,L.,&Lahey,M. language development and language disorder. New York: 1978,Wiley.
10. Oviatt, S.L.The emerging ability to comprehend language: An experimental approach. Child Development. 1980,51:97-106.
11. Samuel,A.Kirk,& James, J. Mc Carthy. Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (Revised Edition). Chicago University of Illinois Press, 1968.
12．李文馥等．儿童理解程度副词的特征．心理科学，1993：(1)：28-33．
13．朱曼殊等．幼儿口头言语调查研究一．心理学报，1979；(3)281-286。
14. Bruce,J.Morton,&Sandra, E. Trehub. Children's understanding of emotion in speech. Child Development. 2001,72:834-843.
15．朱曼殊等．儿童语言发展研究．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1986；9-19．
16．日本言語療法士協會言語視覺療法．日本．東京協同醫書出版社，1992．
17．田中美鄉，等小兒語言障礙 日本東京：醫齒藥出版社
18．小寺富子等．語言發育遲緩檢查手册．日本東京：語言發育檢查法制定委員會，1992．
19．福迫陽子等．語言治療手册．日本東京：醫齒藥出版社，1984．
20．高木隆郎譯．語言發育及其障礙．日本東京：醫學書院，1983．
21．朱智贤．儿童心理学．北京．：人民教育出版社，1981．
22．宋杰等．小儿智能发育检查．上海科学出版社，1987．
23．北京市2000年人口普查资料：北京市统计局．
24. Frenkenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P, et al, Denver Ⅱ technical rlanual, Denver CO: Denver Developmental Materials, 1990.20-45
25．彭凯平等：心理测验．华夏出版社，1990；96
26．郑日昌：心理测量．湖南出版社．1987．
27．戴晓阳，龚耀先等．中国-韦氏幼儿智力量表：结构效度的研究．心理科学通讯，1989，6：30
28．魏金铠等．现代儿童心理行为疾病：儿童语言发育障碍．人民军医出版社，2002，161-174
29. Aiken, L.R.,Psychologicaltesting, Brooks&BaconInc, boston,1985
30. Anastasi, A.,Psychologicaltesting(5thed,)Macmillan ,New .York, 1982
31．姚萍编译．了解心理测验过程．北京大学出版社．2000
32. Lewis Ra. Psychological testing and assessment. Boston and London and Sydney:Croom Helm,1987:81
33. Cronbach, L.J. (1990).Essenticalsof Psychological Testing. (5thEdition).New York: Harper Collins
34. Baron, H. (1996). " Strengths and limitations of ipsative measurement" .Journal of Occupational and Organizational
Psychology, 69,48-56
35．郑延平．量表研究的策略．国外医学精神病学分册，1987，14(3)：144
36．徐韬园主编．现代精神医学．上海：上海医科大学出版社，2000
37．中华医学会精神科分会．中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(CCMD)第三版
38. J Law, J Boyle et al. Screening for Speech and Language :A Systemtatic review of the Literature.Healthy Technology Assessment 1998;Vol. 2:No9
39．莫雷．能力结构研究的基本方法与方法论问题．心理学报，1988，20(3)
40. Kimberley BP, Brown DK, Eggermont JJ. Measuring human cochlear traveling wave delay using distortion product emission phase responses. J Acoust Soc Am, 1993,94:1343
41. Martin GK, Ohlms LA, Franklin DJ, et al. Distortion product emissions in human Ⅲ, Influences of sensorineural hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1990,99:30
42．刘爱国等．听力正常人畸变产物耳声发射的基本特性．临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志，1998，10
43. Bellman S, Barnard S, Beagley HA. A nine-year review of 841 children tested by transtympanic electrocochleo-graphy[J]. J Laryngol Otol,1984,98:1
44. Bauch cd, Olsen WO. Auditory brainstem responses as a function of [J]. Audiology, 1998,27:156