三种低质粗饲料微贮前后饲用价值评价
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摘要
本论文利用 3×3 拉丁方试验设计,研究了微贮处理对玉米秸秆、沙打旺及柠条等三种粗饲料饲用价值的影响,选用的评价指标为适口性、营养成分含量及各营养组分的动态降解率,并对玉米秸秆与沙打旺及柠条的组合样本进行了微贮试验,对其降解率进行了分析,以期探讨是否具有组合效应。研究结果表明:①微贮处理对玉米秸秆、沙打旺及柠条的营养成分含量无显著影响(P>0.05),表明微贮处理并不能显著提高玉米秸秆、沙打旺及柠条的营养价值;②微贮处理能够显著改善玉米秸秆、沙打旺及柠条的适口性,以柠条表现得最为明显,利用率增幅为 37.4%;③微贮处理能够显著改善玉米秸秆、沙打旺及柠条中干物质、NDF、有机物等营养组分的瘤胃降解特性,显著提高其瘤胃降解率;④微贮过程中夏盛酶制剂的添加,对柠条样本中 ADL 的降解能够产生极显著的影响,维持水平条件下,其 ADL 的动态降解率由8.40%增加到 19.44%,提高 11.04%;⑤玉米秸秆与沙打旺按 6:4 及玉米秸秆与柠条按 7:3 比例组合后,均表现为负组合效应。
The 3×3 pulls the square experiment is used in this text,so it is convenient to study the feeding value infulunce of the micro-storage on the corn straw, erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub.The evaluation index includes palatableness, content of nutrition substance and degradation rate .Besides, the experiment is designed micro-storage experiment on the corn straw, erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub and made an analysis to the tendency degradation rate.In order to discuss whether they possess the compose effect, the research result makes clear that:①Micro-storage has little effect to the nutritition substance content of the corn strcw,erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub (P>0.05).It makes clear that biostorage can`t improve the nutrition value of the corn straw,erect milkvetch and korshinsk tress peashrub obviously;② Micro-storage can improve the palatableness of the corn straw,erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub,obviously the borshinsk peashrub,the utilization rate increased by 37.4%;③However , micro-storage can improve the rumen degradation ,character of dry matter ,neutral washing fiber organic compound,and improve the rumen decomposing rate obviously ;④If you add some Xiasheng enIyme to the process of biostorage ,it will arise a great effect to the degradation of lignin,The lignin degradation rate increased from 8.40% to 19.44%,the ampltnde is 11.04%;⑤If you mix the corn straw and erect milkvetch depending on the ratio of 6 to 4,at the same time ,mix the corn straw and korshinsk peashrub depending on the ratio of 7:3,you will find both of them show the negative group effect.
The 3×3 pulls the square experiment is used in this text,so it is convenient to study the feeding value infulunce of the micro-storage on the corn straw, erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub.The evaluation index includes palatableness, content of nutrition substance and degradation rate .Besides, the experiment is designed micro-storage experiment on the corn straw, erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub and made an analysis to the tendency degradation rate.In order to discuss whether they possess the compose effect, the research result makes clear that:①Micro-storage has little effect to the nutritition substance content of the corn strcw,erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub (P>0.05).It makes clear that biostorage can`t improve the nutrition value of the corn straw,erect milkvetch and korshinsk tress peashrub obviously;② Micro-storage can improve the palatableness of the corn straw,erect milkvetch and korshinsk peashrub,obviously the borshinsk peashrub,the utilization rate increased by 37.4%;③However , micro-storage can improve the rumen degradation ,character of dry matter ,neutral washing fiber organic compound,and improve the rumen decomposing rate obviously ;④If you add some Xiasheng enIyme to the process of biostorage ,it will arise a great effect to the degradation of lignin,The lignin degradation rate increased from 8.40% to 19.44%,the ampltnde is 11.04%;⑤If you mix the corn straw and erect milkvetch depending on the ratio of 6 to 4,at the same time ,mix the corn straw and korshinsk peashrub depending on the ratio of 7:3,you will find both of them show the negative group effect.
引文
1 刘迎贵,于波,方俊英.对内蒙古畜牧业结构调整的探讨.畜牧与饲料科学,2004.2:43-46
2 内蒙古畜牧业生产方式的重大变革.北方经济
3 云才小.贫困地区发展畜牧业的可靠途径.调查与思考
4 周景云,乌云,建原.禁牧舍饲对草原植被恢复的作用.内蒙古草业,2003.1:40-42
5 针对实际学,解放思想干,突出发展舍饲畜牧业.内蒙古宣传,2001.9:19
6 马迎春.全面禁牧,舍饲养畜,加强生物治理,改善生态环境.生态与水保,2000.3:25-26
7 于红军.农村经济可持续发展的现实之举—关于实行禁牧舍饲的几点思考.吉林畜牧兽医,2002.5:14-15
8 于海良,于海川.禁牧舍饲后解决饲草问题的几种途径.河北畜牧兽医,2003.7:41
9 王钦.舍饲期绵羊对牧草的利用效率.四川草原
10 Fitzhugh, H.A., Hodgson, H.J., Scoville, O.J., Nguyen, T.D. and Byerly, T.C. (1978) TheRole of Ruminants in Support of Man: Winrock Report. Winrock Foundation, Morrilton,Arkansas.
11 冯仰廉,张子仪.低质粗饲料对反刍家畜的营养价值及合理利用.中国农业科技导报,2003.5:8-12
12 朱宇旌,张勇.反刍动物粗饲料利用的营养调控.草业科学,2003.6:36-39
13VanSoest,P.J.(1994),Nutritionalecologyofbtheruminant.2ndedition.Ithaca,NewYork,USA;Cornell University Press.
14 粗饲料利用的研究进展.饲料广角,2000.23:15-17
15 Cheaon, J.F.,R.C. Seeley, D.J. Thomson, D.E.Beever, and D. G. Armstrong.
16 Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with ruman liquor. J. Agric. Sci, 1979,93:217-222.
17 刑廷铣.苦味黑麦草化学成分和消化率相关性研究.草业科学,1994.02
18 刘富强.浅析粗饲料蛋白质降解率的评定方法及其相关研究进展.
19 梁业森.非常规饲料资源的开发与利用,1996.8
20 杨凤.非蛋白氮的利用.动物营养学,2001.1:57-59
21 Chaudry and Miller.Anim Prod.1990.50:118
22 Allen,M.S. Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber〔J〕.Dairy Sci. 1997,80:1447-1462.
23 Mertens, D. R. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cow. 1997. J.Dairy Sci.80:1463-1481.
24 Juny & Fahey Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog. American Journal of Physiology 216, 946-952
25 王凤国.粗饲料加工技术研究动向及进展.中国奶牛,1994.5:25-26
26 邓卫东,席冬梅,毛华明.云南省反刍家畜主要饲料营养价值评价.黄牛杂志,2002.1:23-27
27 Russel,J.B.,J.D.O'Conner;D.G.FoxP.J.Van Soest,and J.Sniffen.1992.Amet carbohydrate andprocein system for evaluating eattle diets.Rummal fermentation.J.Anim.Sci.70:3551～3567.
28 吴克谦. 秸秆饲料的利用与营养评价的研究. 动物营养研究进展 [M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996.268 – 273.
29 谭支良,卢德勋.提高粗饲料利用效率的系统组合营养技术及其组合效应的研究进展.饲料博览,1999.7:6-10
30 刘晓牧,王中华,李福昌,高秀华.提高粗饲料营养价值技术新进展.山东省饲料资源开发利用专辑:33-35
31 樊万本,王金彪.粗饲料利用与加工.农村牧区机械化,1998.2:31
32 毛华明,朱仁俊,冯仰廉.复合化学处理提高作物秸秆营养价值的研究.黄牛杂志,2001.4:12-15
33 姚亮,梁学武,刘庆华,鲍若虹.化学处理对菌糠结构性碳水化合物瘤胃降解率的影响.黄牛杂志,2001.5:10-13
34 齐智利,嘎尔迪,张润厚,卢寿峰.不同加工处理的玉米干物质和淀粉在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的研究.饲料工业,2002.12:12-15
35 刘学剑.微生物处理秸秆饲料研究概况.江西饲料,1995.4:14-15
36 田中聡美□田村理恵□楠田哲士□宮原晃義□園田豊□佐伯真魚□松本力□村田浩一□小牧弘(2003)飼育管理下のゴ-ルデンタ-キン(Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)とシバヤギ(Capra hircus)の飼料消化性の比較、日本野生動物医学会, 8(2)pp.115-120
37 Clancer M (1989) Hepatic urea synthesis and site and rate of urea removal from blood of beef steers fed alfalfa hay or a high concentrate diet. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, 215-223
38 Coelho da Silva, J.F.,R.C. Seeley, D.J. Thomson, D.E.Beever, and D. G. Armstrong. 1972. The effect in sheep of physical form on the sites of digestion of a dried lucerne diet.2 Sites of nitrogen digestion. Br.J.Nutr.28～43
39 薛志诚.生物技术在粗饲料资源开发上的利用.江西饲料,1999.5:26-27
40 陈侠甫.纤维素酶在畜禽饲料中的应用.辽宁农业科学,2004.2:35-36
41 谭宏,欧阳海燕.生物酶与生物整理.纺织学报,1999.20:323-324
42 张景洪.饲用微生物酶的生产和应用.中国饲料,1999.08
43 刘禹宏.一种秸秆生物培养剂发酵稻草饲喂肉牛消化率及代谢能的研究.粮食与饲料工业,1999.05
44 张及锋,王中华,王海燕,张淑爱,樊华.反刍动物瘤胃蛋白降解率的评定技术,山东畜牧兽医
45 张吉鵾.粗饲料营养价值评定的研究进展.广东畜牧兽医科技,2003.2:15-19
46 Czerkawski J W,Metbolism of long chain fatty acides in the rumen . In:K L Blaxter, J Kielanowski & G Thorbek eds. Energy meatabolism of Farm Animals [M]. Oriel Press,Newcastle Upon Tyne. 1969,103-108.
47 黄永民.体外发酵法测定过瘤胃氨基酸瘤胃降解律的研究.饲料研究,1998.12
48 Ndlovu, L.R. and J.G.Buchanan-smith. Utilization of poor quality roughages by sheep: Effects of alfalfa supplementation on ruminal parameters, fibre digestion and rate of passage from the rumen. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1985. 65: 693-703.
49 胡晓燕.牧草的营养价值研究及其在反刍家畜中的应用.四川草原,2003.5:26-28
50 Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with ruman liquor. J. Agric. Sci, 1979,93:217-222.
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2 内蒙古畜牧业生产方式的重大变革.北方经济
3 云才小.贫困地区发展畜牧业的可靠途径.调查与思考
4 周景云,乌云,建原.禁牧舍饲对草原植被恢复的作用.内蒙古草业,2003.1:40-42
5 针对实际学,解放思想干,突出发展舍饲畜牧业.内蒙古宣传,2001.9:19
6 马迎春.全面禁牧,舍饲养畜,加强生物治理,改善生态环境.生态与水保,2000.3:25-26
7 于红军.农村经济可持续发展的现实之举—关于实行禁牧舍饲的几点思考.吉林畜牧兽医,2002.5:14-15
8 于海良,于海川.禁牧舍饲后解决饲草问题的几种途径.河北畜牧兽医,2003.7:41
9 王钦.舍饲期绵羊对牧草的利用效率.四川草原
10 Fitzhugh, H.A., Hodgson, H.J., Scoville, O.J., Nguyen, T.D. and Byerly, T.C. (1978) TheRole of Ruminants in Support of Man: Winrock Report. Winrock Foundation, Morrilton,Arkansas.
11 冯仰廉,张子仪.低质粗饲料对反刍家畜的营养价值及合理利用.中国农业科技导报,2003.5:8-12
12 朱宇旌,张勇.反刍动物粗饲料利用的营养调控.草业科学,2003.6:36-39
13VanSoest,P.J.(1994),Nutritionalecologyofbtheruminant.2ndedition.Ithaca,NewYork,USA;Cornell University Press.
14 粗饲料利用的研究进展.饲料广角,2000.23:15-17
15 Cheaon, J.F.,R.C. Seeley, D.J. Thomson, D.E.Beever, and D. G. Armstrong.
16 Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., The estimation of the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with ruman liquor. J. Agric. Sci, 1979,93:217-222.
17 刑廷铣.苦味黑麦草化学成分和消化率相关性研究.草业科学,1994.02
18 刘富强.浅析粗饲料蛋白质降解率的评定方法及其相关研究进展.
19 梁业森.非常规饲料资源的开发与利用,1996.8
20 杨凤.非蛋白氮的利用.动物营养学,2001.1:57-59
21 Chaudry and Miller.Anim Prod.1990.50:118
22 Allen,M.S. Relationship between fermentation acid production in the rumen and the requirement for physically effective fiber〔J〕.Dairy Sci. 1997,80:1447-1462.
23 Mertens, D. R. Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cow. 1997. J.Dairy Sci.80:1463-1481.
24 Juny & Fahey Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal venous blood flow in the sheep and dog. American Journal of Physiology 216, 946-952
25 王凤国.粗饲料加工技术研究动向及进展.中国奶牛,1994.5:25-26
26 邓卫东,席冬梅,毛华明.云南省反刍家畜主要饲料营养价值评价.黄牛杂志,2002.1:23-27
27 Russel,J.B.,J.D.O'Conner;D.G.FoxP.J.Van Soest,and J.Sniffen.1992.Amet carbohydrate andprocein system for evaluating eattle diets.Rummal fermentation.J.Anim.Sci.70:3551～3567.
28 吴克谦. 秸秆饲料的利用与营养评价的研究. 动物营养研究进展 [M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1996.268 – 273.
29 谭支良,卢德勋.提高粗饲料利用效率的系统组合营养技术及其组合效应的研究进展.饲料博览,1999.7:6-10
30 刘晓牧,王中华,李福昌,高秀华.提高粗饲料营养价值技术新进展.山东省饲料资源开发利用专辑:33-35
31 樊万本,王金彪.粗饲料利用与加工.农村牧区机械化,1998.2:31
32 毛华明,朱仁俊,冯仰廉.复合化学处理提高作物秸秆营养价值的研究.黄牛杂志,2001.4:12-15
33 姚亮,梁学武,刘庆华,鲍若虹.化学处理对菌糠结构性碳水化合物瘤胃降解率的影响.黄牛杂志,2001.5:10-13
34 齐智利,嘎尔迪,张润厚,卢寿峰.不同加工处理的玉米干物质和淀粉在绵羊瘤胃内降解规律的研究.饲料工业,2002.12:12-15
35 刘学剑.微生物处理秸秆饲料研究概况.江西饲料,1995.4:14-15
36 田中聡美□田村理恵□楠田哲士□宮原晃義□園田豊□佐伯真魚□松本力□村田浩一□小牧弘(2003)飼育管理下のゴ-ルデンタ-キン(Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)とシバヤギ(Capra hircus)の飼料消化性の比較、日本野生動物医学会, 8(2)pp.115-120
37 Clancer M (1989) Hepatic urea synthesis and site and rate of urea removal from blood of beef steers fed alfalfa hay or a high concentrate diet. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, 215-223
38 Coelho da Silva, J.F.,R.C. Seeley, D.J. Thomson, D.E.Beever, and D. G. Armstrong. 1972. The effect in sheep of physical form on the sites of digestion of a dried lucerne diet.2 Sites of nitrogen digestion. Br.J.Nutr.28～43
39 薛志诚.生物技术在粗饲料资源开发上的利用.江西饲料,1999.5:26-27
40 陈侠甫.纤维素酶在畜禽饲料中的应用.辽宁农业科学,2004.2:35-36
41 谭宏,欧阳海燕.生物酶与生物整理.纺织学报,1999.20:323-324
42 张景洪.饲用微生物酶的生产和应用.中国饲料,1999.08
43 刘禹宏.一种秸秆生物培养剂发酵稻草饲喂肉牛消化率及代谢能的研究.粮食与饲料工业,1999.05
44 张及锋,王中华,王海燕,张淑爱,樊华.反刍动物瘤胃蛋白降解率的评定技术,山东畜牧兽医
45 张吉鵾.粗饲料营养价值评定的研究进展.广东畜牧兽医科技,2003.2:15-19
46 Czerkawski J W,Metbolism of long chain fatty acides in the rumen . In:K L Blaxter, J Kielanowski & G Thorbek eds. Energy meatabolism of Farm Animals [M]. Oriel Press,Newcastle Upon Tyne. 1969,103-108.
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48 Ndlovu, L.R. and J.G.Buchanan-smith. Utilization of poor quality roughages by sheep: Effects of alfalfa supplementation on ruminal parameters, fibre digestion and rate of passage from the rumen. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 1985. 65: 693-703.
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