安徽省马鞍山市1987～2001年市区居民死亡原因分析研究
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摘要
死因统计资料揭示了疾病与死亡的静态特征、动态趋势、疾病谱与死因谱的变迁，是一个重要的社会卫生信息资源，它客观地反映了社区居民整体的健康状况，为卫生决策、疾病预防控制及医学科研提供了重要的参考依据。本次死亡原因分析研究是根据安徽省马鞍山市1987—2001年上报的《居民病伤死亡原因年报表》及相关背景资料，从人口数量、构成及变动特征、人口死亡特征、人口死因谱的变迁、主要死因的死亡构成与死亡率的变化以及人口期望寿命的变化等方面将十五年的死因统计资料进一步地开发利用，从不同角度分析我市居民死亡原因特征。资料显示：恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系病及损伤与中毒等慢性非传染性疾病是造成我市居民死亡的主要原因。随着居民生活水平的提高、生活方式的变化，期望寿命的延长、人口老龄化的加速以及传染病得到有效控制，慢性非传染性疾病已成为一个日益突出的公共卫生问题，需要给予高度重视。根据分析研究结果，我们提出以下建议：1．进一步巩固和完善人口出生与死亡登记报告制度，严格质量控制；2．加强重点慢病如：恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、损伤与中毒等的监测工作，探索病因和主要危险因素，进行有效干预，实施近期、远期效果评价，调整卫生政策；3．重视健康教育这一现代疾病预防的重要手段，将健康教育视为一种健康投资行为；4．建立健全社区卫生服务网络，拓展和完善社区卫生服务预防、医疗、保健、康复、健康教育及计划生育技术服务等功能；5．做好充分思想和物质准备，迎接人口老龄化的挑战和应对慢性非传染性疾病的威胁。
Statistical data of death causes are important information resources of social health, which reveal the static characteristics and dynamic trends of diseases and death as well as changes in the spectrum of diseases and that of the death causes and objectively reflect the residents' overall physical health state, providing a major reference for health decisions and disease control and prevention. This analytic study on the death causes is based on the Annual Report on Death Causes of Residents' Diseases and Injuries of Ma'anshan City, Anhui through 1987 to 2001 combined with other relevant background information, further utilizing the statistics of death causes of the above mentioned 15 years to analyze the characteristics of the residents' death cauese in this city in terms of the demographic size, composition and changes, characteristics of deaths, changes in the spectrum of death causes, the composition of leading death causes, changes of the mortality rate as well as changes o
f the population's life expectancy. The data have indicated that chronic non - communicable diseases are the main cause to the death of this city's residents, which range from malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, diseases of the respiratory system to injuries and poisoning. With the continu ous rise of the residents' living standard, changing lifestyle, extension of life expectancy, accelaration of the popuation's aging and effective control of infectious diseases, chronic non - communicable diseases have become a significant public bealth problem drawing much attention. The author raises the following suggestions according to the results of his analytic study: 1 To control the work quality through further consolidating and improving the registration and reporting system of birth and mortality; 2. To strengthen the surveillance of such chronic diseases as malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, injuries and poisoning, probe the causes and main risk factors in order to realize an eff
ective intervention, cany out the short - and long - term effect evaluation and ad-
just health policies; 3. To emphasize health education--the important means in modern disease prevention , which is to he considerd a health investment behavior; 4. To establish and perfect the network of community health service, promote and develop the community health service's functions in such fields as prevention, medical treatment, health care, rehabilitation, health education and technical services in family planning; 5. To be well prepared, mentally and materially, to handle the challenge of the aging population and threat imposed by chronic nan - communicable diseases.
Statistical data of death causes are important information resources of social health, which reveal the static characteristics and dynamic trends of diseases and death as well as changes in the spectrum of diseases and that of the death causes and objectively reflect the residents' overall physical health state, providing a major reference for health decisions and disease control and prevention. This analytic study on the death causes is based on the Annual Report on Death Causes of Residents' Diseases and Injuries of Ma'anshan City, Anhui through 1987 to 2001 combined with other relevant background information, further utilizing the statistics of death causes of the above mentioned 15 years to analyze the characteristics of the residents' death cauese in this city in terms of the demographic size, composition and changes, characteristics of deaths, changes in the spectrum of death causes, the composition of leading death causes, changes of the mortality rate as well as changes o
f the population's life expectancy. The data have indicated that chronic non - communicable diseases are the main cause to the death of this city's residents, which range from malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, diseases of the respiratory system to injuries and poisoning. With the continu ous rise of the residents' living standard, changing lifestyle, extension of life expectancy, accelaration of the popuation's aging and effective control of infectious diseases, chronic non - communicable diseases have become a significant public bealth problem drawing much attention. The author raises the following suggestions according to the results of his analytic study: 1 To control the work quality through further consolidating and improving the registration and reporting system of birth and mortality; 2. To strengthen the surveillance of such chronic diseases as malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, injuries and poisoning, probe the causes and main risk factors in order to realize an eff
ective intervention, cany out the short - and long - term effect evaluation and ad-
just health policies; 3. To emphasize health education--the important means in modern disease prevention , which is to he considerd a health investment behavior; 4. To establish and perfect the network of community health service, promote and develop the community health service's functions in such fields as prevention, medical treatment, health care, rehabilitation, health education and technical services in family planning; 5. To be well prepared, mentally and materially, to handle the challenge of the aging population and threat imposed by chronic nan - communicable diseases.
引文
1．方积乾主编．卫生统计学．第五版．北京：人民卫生出版社，2003．(44．312)
2．赵仲堂主编．流行病学研究方法与应用．北京：科学出版社，2000．(22～26)
3．李立明主编．流行病学．第四版．北京：人民卫生出版社，2000．(25、26)
4．余松林主编．医学统计学，北京：人民卫生出版杜，2002．(390、298)
5．马鞍山市人口普查办公室编．马鞍山市2000年人口普查资料．2002．(156～158)
6．马鞍山市地方志编写委员会编．马鞍山2001年鉴．长春：吉林人民出版社，2001．(32、33)
7．安徽统计年鉴编辑委员会．安徽统计年鉴2001．北京：中国统计出版社，2001．(28、83)
8．北京首都医院世界卫生组织疾病分类合作中心编译．国际疾病分类(ICD-9)．北京：人民卫生出版社，1984．(4～6)
9．江苏省泰兴市卫生局．信息资源与思考——江苏省泰兴市十五年死因统计报告．1997．
10．龚幻龙主编．社会医学．北京：人民卫生出版社，2000．(31～142)
11．顾秀英、胡一河主编．慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制．北京：中国协和医科大学出版社，2003．(7～137)
12．董先雨主编．社区卫生服务与管理．北京：华夏出版社，2001．(2、44)
13．鲍勇主编．现代社区医学．上海：第二军医大学出版社，2000．(42、132)
14．张枢贤主编．社区医学．北京：北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社，1994．(90、173)
15．马鞍山市卫生局．马鞍山市卫生服务调查报告．2000．
16．陈洁主编．临床经济学．上海：上海医科大学出版社，1999．(137)
17. Robert N. Anderson, ph.D., and Betty L. Smith, B. S. Ed., Deaths: Leading Causes for 2001. U.S. National Vital Statistics Reporls, 2003. Vol. 52. No. 9.
18. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs.
19. http://www.who.int.
20．杨俊峰，冯子健．2001年中国国民主要死亡原因分析．中国卫生统计，2003，20(4)：241．
21．张钧，邵梦篪．苏州市居民主要死亡原因分析．上海预防医学杂志，2001，13(3)：128．
22．成利纯．1994～2000年某城区居民死因统计分析．数理医药学杂志，2003，16(2)：137．
23．申振元，马桂芳，底秀娟，等．1995～1999年河南省居民病伤死亡原因减寿分析．中国公共卫生，2001，17(6)：555．
24．宋桂香，周峰．上海地区居民死亡原因、时间、地点分析及其对策．上海预防医学杂志，2001，13(8)：355．
2．赵仲堂主编．流行病学研究方法与应用．北京：科学出版社，2000．(22～26)
3．李立明主编．流行病学．第四版．北京：人民卫生出版社，2000．(25、26)
4．余松林主编．医学统计学，北京：人民卫生出版杜，2002．(390、298)
5．马鞍山市人口普查办公室编．马鞍山市2000年人口普查资料．2002．(156～158)
6．马鞍山市地方志编写委员会编．马鞍山2001年鉴．长春：吉林人民出版社，2001．(32、33)
7．安徽统计年鉴编辑委员会．安徽统计年鉴2001．北京：中国统计出版社，2001．(28、83)
8．北京首都医院世界卫生组织疾病分类合作中心编译．国际疾病分类(ICD-9)．北京：人民卫生出版社，1984．(4～6)
9．江苏省泰兴市卫生局．信息资源与思考——江苏省泰兴市十五年死因统计报告．1997．
10．龚幻龙主编．社会医学．北京：人民卫生出版社，2000．(31～142)
11．顾秀英、胡一河主编．慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制．北京：中国协和医科大学出版社，2003．(7～137)
12．董先雨主编．社区卫生服务与管理．北京：华夏出版社，2001．(2、44)
13．鲍勇主编．现代社区医学．上海：第二军医大学出版社，2000．(42、132)
14．张枢贤主编．社区医学．北京：北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社，1994．(90、173)
15．马鞍山市卫生局．马鞍山市卫生服务调查报告．2000．
16．陈洁主编．临床经济学．上海：上海医科大学出版社，1999．(137)
17. Robert N. Anderson, ph.D., and Betty L. Smith, B. S. Ed., Deaths: Leading Causes for 2001. U.S. National Vital Statistics Reporls, 2003. Vol. 52. No. 9.
18. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs.
19. http://www.who.int.
20．杨俊峰，冯子健．2001年中国国民主要死亡原因分析．中国卫生统计，2003，20(4)：241．
21．张钧，邵梦篪．苏州市居民主要死亡原因分析．上海预防医学杂志，2001，13(3)：128．
22．成利纯．1994～2000年某城区居民死因统计分析．数理医药学杂志，2003，16(2)：137．
23．申振元，马桂芳，底秀娟，等．1995～1999年河南省居民病伤死亡原因减寿分析．中国公共卫生，2001，17(6)：555．
24．宋桂香，周峰．上海地区居民死亡原因、时间、地点分析及其对策．上海预防医学杂志，2001，13(8)：355．