1973-1974年石油危机和美国的政策
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摘要
本文主要以1973-1974年石油危机期间的美国政策为研究课题,通过刚解密的档案材料和相关二手资料还原考据这段历史,同时解析归纳美国在石油危机爆发期间政策制定的特点。
“石油危机”作为20世纪的新现象,主要表现为在石油成为世界主要能源后,由于石油商品的相对短缺或者其价格的骤然上升,从而引发的能源供应短缺,以及由此而来的经济危机和政治危机。
史上共爆发的三次石油危机,并都发生在20世纪下半叶。这主要是因为在20世纪60年代,石油已经逐步在多方面替代煤炭成为现代工业的主要能源支柱之一。煤炭一直是工业革命之后世界的主要能源,这种优势保持到20世纪60年代。1965年,石油首次取代煤炭在世界能源消费结构中占据首位,①人类从此进入了“石油时代”。②石油作为一种新的能源本身虽然兼有运输方便,能量密度高等许多自身的优点,但石油在历史上取代煤炭的最主要原因还是因为在20世纪70年代以前,石油的价格很低廉,并一直是廉价能源的代名词。在中东勘探出大量的石油储备之后,中东的石油价格一直固定在每桶1美元左右,在美国,人们一直相信廉价的石油是用之不尽,取之不竭的。美国人经常形容沙特的石油和水一样便宜。廉价的中东石油逐步成为世界经济的能源基础,以美国为首的几个主要资本主义大国在20世纪70年代都已经严重依赖波斯湾的石油,数据表明到1973年,石油输出国组织所出产的石油已经占世界石油总量的55%③。如此,石油作为一种主要的经济能源,被波斯湾的少数阿拉伯国家所掌控,这使石油输出国组织和阿拉伯石油输出国组织具备了进行能源垄断的条件,这为“石油危机”的爆发提供了必要的条件。
20世纪70年代第一次石油危机将“石油武器”带上历史舞台的,把世界石油体系推入了一个新的纪元,同时严重的影响力当时世界经济和政治。本课题希望把对1973-1974年石油危机的研究和美国的政策联系起来,在石油危机中论述美国外交政策和能源政策的转变,考察在1973-1974年石油危机期间美国的政策。同时,分别论述内部因素和外部因素对美国决策层政策制定的影响,以及其决策与石油生产国,石油消费国,国际石油公司和主要的相关国际组织的关系。
全文共分以下六个部分,其中包括引言、四个章节和结语。具体内容如下:引言主要介绍了本文的研究方法、思路、意义和这个题目的研究现状;第一章,首先以背景的形式介绍了世界石油储量的分布,原油出产地,原油提炼能力和世界石油消费和供油,其次总体介绍了二战之后美国石油外交的总体情况,其中包括了第二次世界大战后美国杜鲁门政府、艾森豪威尔政府、肯尼迪政府、约翰逊政府,以及尼克松政府第一任期的石油外交政策;第二章主要解析十月战争爆发后到针对美国的阿拉伯国家石油禁运开始期间的美国外交政策,其中包括美国对阿拉伯国家实行石油禁运的各方评估,美国面对阿拉伯国家发出的运用石油武器警告的对策,并介绍了美国在战争中支持以色列的政策最终导致石油禁运的过程;第三章主要解析了石油危机期间美国的对策,其中以时间为主线,先后介绍了美国政府同国际石油公司合作的政策、美国的能源自给政策、美国改善拉拢阿拉伯国家的政策、美国对盟国的政策;第四章介绍的是石油危机后美国石油政策的调整,从四方面入手,首先是石油危机之后美国对中东政策的调整,其次是美国对盟国政策的调整,再次是美国倡导下的国际能源大会的召开和国际能源组织的成立,最后是石油危机对美国经济贸易的影响;结语中总结了在此时石油危机期间的决策特点。
The research subject of this paper is U.S. policy during the 1973-1974 oil crisis. This study utilized a great deal of related declassified documents and secondary sources which analyzed the features of U.S. policy-making during the oil crisis.
"Oil crisis" was a new phenomenon in the 20th century, which was due to oil becoming the world's major energy source, the relative shortage of petroleum products, their prices increasing sharply, a shortage of energy supply, and the resulting economic crisis and political crisis.
There have been a total of three oil crises in history, which have all occurred in the second half of the 20th century. This is mainly because the 1960’s, oil gradually replaced coal in many areas of modern industry, one of the main pillars of energy. After the industrial revolution, coal has been the world's primary energy, to maintain this advantage to the 20th century, 60 years. In 1965, oil for the first time replaced coal as the number one energy source, the start of the so-called "oil era." As a new energy source, oil had many advantages including its easy transport, energy density, and, especially, oil prices were low in the 1970s– oil was therefore synonymous with cheap energy. After Middle East oil reserves were discovered, oil prices had been fixed at around $1 a barrel in the United States. And the public had come to believe that cheap oil was inexhaustible. Americans often described the oil of Saudi Arabia to be as cheap as water. In the 1970s, with US-led major capitalist powers relying heavily on oil, cheap Middle East oil gradually become the base of the world's energy economy. The data show that by 1973, OPEC members already were producing 55% of the total world oil. As this major economic and energy source was mainly in the hands of a few Arab countries, (e.g., OPEC and the Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries) this condition led generally to an energy monopoly, and further led to the "oil crisis.”
The oil crisis of the 1970s led to oil becoming seen as a“weapon,”pushed the world's oil system to a new era, which also had a large influence on the world economic and political situation of the time. The subject of this paper is the oil crisis of 1973-1974 and the relative U.S. policy, both foreign and economic (and the changes they underwent) during this period. Also discussed are the internal factors and external factors on the United States, the impact of policy decision-making, and its decision-making and oil-producing countries, oil-consuming countries, major international oil companies and the relevant international organizations.
The following text is divided into six parts, including an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The details are as follows: The introduction discusses the research methods, ideas, meaning, and the subject of the status quo; the first chapter shall introduce the background in the form of the distribution of world oil reserves, the origin of crude oil, crude oil refining capacity, and world oil consumption, which will be followed by an overview of U.S. oil diplomacy after World War II, including the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations; the second chapter will analyze the outbreak of the October War against the United States begun during the Arab oil embargo, and describes the United States support for Israel in the war which would eventually lead to the policy process of the oil embargo; the third chapter analyzes the countermeasures the United States took during the oil crisis, including the development of the U.S. government policy towards international oil companies, the U.S. energy self-sufficiency policy, Arab countries improving policy, the allies; the fourth chapter discusses the adjustment of U.S. oil policy from four aspects: the first U.S. oil crisis policy adjustments in the Middle East, followed by the U.S. allies, the convening of the International Energy Conference and the establishment of the International Energy Agency, and finally the influence of the oil crisis on the U.S. economy and trade; the conclusion summarizes the special type of decision making during the oil crisis.
“石油危机”作为20世纪的新现象,主要表现为在石油成为世界主要能源后,由于石油商品的相对短缺或者其价格的骤然上升,从而引发的能源供应短缺,以及由此而来的经济危机和政治危机。
史上共爆发的三次石油危机,并都发生在20世纪下半叶。这主要是因为在20世纪60年代,石油已经逐步在多方面替代煤炭成为现代工业的主要能源支柱之一。煤炭一直是工业革命之后世界的主要能源,这种优势保持到20世纪60年代。1965年,石油首次取代煤炭在世界能源消费结构中占据首位,①人类从此进入了“石油时代”。②石油作为一种新的能源本身虽然兼有运输方便,能量密度高等许多自身的优点,但石油在历史上取代煤炭的最主要原因还是因为在20世纪70年代以前,石油的价格很低廉,并一直是廉价能源的代名词。在中东勘探出大量的石油储备之后,中东的石油价格一直固定在每桶1美元左右,在美国,人们一直相信廉价的石油是用之不尽,取之不竭的。美国人经常形容沙特的石油和水一样便宜。廉价的中东石油逐步成为世界经济的能源基础,以美国为首的几个主要资本主义大国在20世纪70年代都已经严重依赖波斯湾的石油,数据表明到1973年,石油输出国组织所出产的石油已经占世界石油总量的55%③。如此,石油作为一种主要的经济能源,被波斯湾的少数阿拉伯国家所掌控,这使石油输出国组织和阿拉伯石油输出国组织具备了进行能源垄断的条件,这为“石油危机”的爆发提供了必要的条件。
20世纪70年代第一次石油危机将“石油武器”带上历史舞台的,把世界石油体系推入了一个新的纪元,同时严重的影响力当时世界经济和政治。本课题希望把对1973-1974年石油危机的研究和美国的政策联系起来,在石油危机中论述美国外交政策和能源政策的转变,考察在1973-1974年石油危机期间美国的政策。同时,分别论述内部因素和外部因素对美国决策层政策制定的影响,以及其决策与石油生产国,石油消费国,国际石油公司和主要的相关国际组织的关系。
全文共分以下六个部分,其中包括引言、四个章节和结语。具体内容如下:引言主要介绍了本文的研究方法、思路、意义和这个题目的研究现状;第一章,首先以背景的形式介绍了世界石油储量的分布,原油出产地,原油提炼能力和世界石油消费和供油,其次总体介绍了二战之后美国石油外交的总体情况,其中包括了第二次世界大战后美国杜鲁门政府、艾森豪威尔政府、肯尼迪政府、约翰逊政府,以及尼克松政府第一任期的石油外交政策;第二章主要解析十月战争爆发后到针对美国的阿拉伯国家石油禁运开始期间的美国外交政策,其中包括美国对阿拉伯国家实行石油禁运的各方评估,美国面对阿拉伯国家发出的运用石油武器警告的对策,并介绍了美国在战争中支持以色列的政策最终导致石油禁运的过程;第三章主要解析了石油危机期间美国的对策,其中以时间为主线,先后介绍了美国政府同国际石油公司合作的政策、美国的能源自给政策、美国改善拉拢阿拉伯国家的政策、美国对盟国的政策;第四章介绍的是石油危机后美国石油政策的调整,从四方面入手,首先是石油危机之后美国对中东政策的调整,其次是美国对盟国政策的调整,再次是美国倡导下的国际能源大会的召开和国际能源组织的成立,最后是石油危机对美国经济贸易的影响;结语中总结了在此时石油危机期间的决策特点。
The research subject of this paper is U.S. policy during the 1973-1974 oil crisis. This study utilized a great deal of related declassified documents and secondary sources which analyzed the features of U.S. policy-making during the oil crisis.
"Oil crisis" was a new phenomenon in the 20th century, which was due to oil becoming the world's major energy source, the relative shortage of petroleum products, their prices increasing sharply, a shortage of energy supply, and the resulting economic crisis and political crisis.
There have been a total of three oil crises in history, which have all occurred in the second half of the 20th century. This is mainly because the 1960’s, oil gradually replaced coal in many areas of modern industry, one of the main pillars of energy. After the industrial revolution, coal has been the world's primary energy, to maintain this advantage to the 20th century, 60 years. In 1965, oil for the first time replaced coal as the number one energy source, the start of the so-called "oil era." As a new energy source, oil had many advantages including its easy transport, energy density, and, especially, oil prices were low in the 1970s– oil was therefore synonymous with cheap energy. After Middle East oil reserves were discovered, oil prices had been fixed at around $1 a barrel in the United States. And the public had come to believe that cheap oil was inexhaustible. Americans often described the oil of Saudi Arabia to be as cheap as water. In the 1970s, with US-led major capitalist powers relying heavily on oil, cheap Middle East oil gradually become the base of the world's energy economy. The data show that by 1973, OPEC members already were producing 55% of the total world oil. As this major economic and energy source was mainly in the hands of a few Arab countries, (e.g., OPEC and the Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries) this condition led generally to an energy monopoly, and further led to the "oil crisis.”
The oil crisis of the 1970s led to oil becoming seen as a“weapon,”pushed the world's oil system to a new era, which also had a large influence on the world economic and political situation of the time. The subject of this paper is the oil crisis of 1973-1974 and the relative U.S. policy, both foreign and economic (and the changes they underwent) during this period. Also discussed are the internal factors and external factors on the United States, the impact of policy decision-making, and its decision-making and oil-producing countries, oil-consuming countries, major international oil companies and the relevant international organizations.
The following text is divided into six parts, including an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The details are as follows: The introduction discusses the research methods, ideas, meaning, and the subject of the status quo; the first chapter shall introduce the background in the form of the distribution of world oil reserves, the origin of crude oil, crude oil refining capacity, and world oil consumption, which will be followed by an overview of U.S. oil diplomacy after World War II, including the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations; the second chapter will analyze the outbreak of the October War against the United States begun during the Arab oil embargo, and describes the United States support for Israel in the war which would eventually lead to the policy process of the oil embargo; the third chapter analyzes the countermeasures the United States took during the oil crisis, including the development of the U.S. government policy towards international oil companies, the U.S. energy self-sufficiency policy, Arab countries improving policy, the allies; the fourth chapter discusses the adjustment of U.S. oil policy from four aspects: the first U.S. oil crisis policy adjustments in the Middle East, followed by the U.S. allies, the convening of the International Energy Conference and the establishment of the International Energy Agency, and finally the influence of the oil crisis on the U.S. economy and trade; the conclusion summarizes the special type of decision making during the oil crisis.
引文
①David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy, 1941-1954, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
②Ghanayem, Ishaq I. & Alden H. Voth, The Kissinger legacy: American-Middle East policy, New York: Praeger, 1984.
④Peter L Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945, Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc., 2005.
⑤John P Miglietta, American Alliance Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1992: Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2002.
⑥Robert S Litwak, Détente and The Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the pursuit of stability, 1969-1976, London: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
①William B Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2005.
②Joe Stork, Middle East Oil and the Energy Crisis, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
③George W. Stocking, Middle East Oil: A Study in Political and Economic Controversy, Vanderbilt University Press.
④Sheikh Rustum Ali, Saudi Arabia and Oil Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1976.
⑤Saud Mehmas Albraikan,“OPEC Foreign investment: the case of Saudi Arabia”Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder, 1980.
⑥John Simon Bilimatsis,“Small states as major powers: a case study of Saudi Arabia”Ph.D., The George WashingtonUniversity, 1980, AAT 8014056.
①Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
②Abir Author, Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict in Arabia, the Red Sea & the Gulf, London: Frank Cass,1974.
③Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Power, 3rd ed., Rev. J Jerusalem, 1973.
④Benjamin Shwadran, Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973, Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1986.
⑤Zuhayr Mikdashi, The Community of Oil Exporting Countries, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.
⑥Simon Bromley,American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, the State System and the World Economy,Pennsylvania State University Press , February 1, 1991
⑦Peter R Odell,Oil and World Power;: Background to the Oil Crisis,Taplinger Pub. Co; 3rd edition ,1975
⑧石油危机爆发以前,美国国内石油企业的石油成本要远远高于国际石油开发成本,所以为了避免国内的石油企业在美国市场内的竞争占优势,以及鼓励企业在国内勘探石油资源和保持一定的利润,艾森豪威尔政府在1959年制定了石油进口限制额度政策,此政策于1973年4月被尼克松废除。
⑨E. L Wheelwright,Oil & world politics: From Rockefeller to the Gulf War,Left Book Club 1991
①Ghanayem, Ishao Isa,“The Nixon-Kissinger Middle East Strategy, 1969-1974”, Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1980.
②Petrou, Linda Louise,“United States Foreign Policy Attitudes towards Soviet Participation in the Arab-Israeli Peace Process”, Ph.D., University of Maryland College Park, 1994.
③Svante Karlsson, Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy, Berg Publishers ,January 1986.
①Peter R. Odell, Oil and World Power: A Geographical Interpretation, Penguin (Non-Classics); 8 Sub edition , March 3, 1987
②Stone, Susan Carol,“Dual dependence: Japanese policy toward the Middle East, 1973 to 1984”Ph.D., The George Washington University, 1985
①美国福特基金会的有相关能源研究报告网址如下: http://www.fordfound.org/archives/subject/energy
②Jihad Geogesv Kassis,“U. S. Foreign Policy-making in Middle East Crisis: the 1973-74 Oil Embargo”Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, 1981.
③Reuven Hollo,“Oil and American Foreign Policy in the Persian Gulf(1947-1991)”, Ph.D., AAI9534807, University of Texas, 1995.
④Cyrus Bina,“The Economics of Oil Crisis: the Case Study of the World Oil Crisis of 1973-74”Ph.D., The American University, 1983.
①江红:《为石油而战——美国石油霸权的历史透视》,北京:东方出版社,2002年版。
②安维华、钱雪梅主编:《海湾石油新论》,社会科学文献出版社,2000年版。
③人民日报1995年4月20日
④杨光、姜明新著:《石油输出国组织》,中国大百科全书出版1995年版。
⑤武汉大学经济系北美经济研究室:《战后美国第六次经济危机》,商务印书馆,1978年版。
⑥赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版。
①王能全著:《石油与当代国际经济政治》,时事出版社,1993年版。
②肖显社:《喋血赎罪日第四次中东战争纪实》,北京:世界知识出版社,1997年版。
③于江欣:《烽火十月:第四次中东战争》,北京:军事科学出版社,2000年版。
④申钟:《战后中东四次战争》,上海:上海人民出版社,1978年版。
⑤赵庆寺:《20世纪70年代石油危机与美国石油安全体系:结构、进程与变革》,博士学位论文,复旦大学,2002年。
⑥王芳:《美国对1967年中东石油危机的政策》,硕士学位论文,东北师范大学,2006。
⑦李小地:《70年代石油危机后美国的石油消费政策及其实施效果》,国际石油经济2006年11期。
①Energy Information Adminstration, Interagency Database and Projections Working Group, Washington DC
②寻找新能源-二十一世纪能源问题展望,《光明日报》,1999年11月29日
③Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July 1998,Table 11.4
①Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997,DOE/EIA-0384(97). (Washington, DC, July 1998), Table 5.19.
①赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版,第2页。
①The Oil and Gas Journal, January 26, 1950,p. 54, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
②The Oil and Gas Journal, January 26, 1950,p. 54, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
③石油产量估值并不一直统一,这五个国家在《世界石油》中的日产估值为1,473,718桶;在《油气杂志》中的估值为1,386,000桶。World Oil, July 15, 1950, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS. The Oil and Gas Journal, January 26, 1950
④World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.54, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
⑤World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.42, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, DDRS.
⑥World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.42-43, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, DDRS.
①World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.42-43, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, DDRS.
①World Petroleum Annual Refinery Review 1950, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
②Bureau of Mines, World Petroleum Statistics, 1949, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
③Bureau of Mines, World Petroleum Statistics, 1949, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
②Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
③Exploring Energy Choices, A Preliminary Report of the Ford Foundation Energy Policy Project, Washington DC,1974,p.7.
④National Security and U.S. Energy Policy, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176, Secret, National Archives.
⑤Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
①National Security and U.S. Energy Policy, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176, Secret, National Archives.
②Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
③Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
④National Security and U.S. Energy Policy, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176, Secret, National Archives.
⑤Oil Statistics 1972-74 ,Complied by the Oil Committee, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developnent, Paris 1976, p22.
①David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945,Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1986. pp118-121.
②Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Power, Rev. J. Jerusalem, 1973,pp338-341.
③U.S., Department of State, FRUS 1946 Volum7, pp18-28.
④Aaron David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and Amerian Foreign Policy, 1939-1949, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980, pp181-182.
⑤David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945, pp117-119.
⑥Sheikh Rustum Ali, Saudi Arabia and Oil Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1976, pp.104-105.
⑦David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945,. p167-168; Benjamin Shwadran, Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973,pp8-9.
①U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, Multinational Petroleum Companies and Foreign Policy: Report Together With Individual Views,Washington D.C.: Government Pringting Office, 1975, pp.85-86.
②David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945, pp.117-118.
③Aaron David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and Amerian Foreign Policy, 1939-1949, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980, pp.180-181.
④Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Powers, pp533-534.
⑤Scante Karlsson, Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy, Leamington Spa: Berg 1986, pp76-77.
⑥经济合作署-the Economic Cooperation Administration,后来改为共同安全署-the Mutual Security
⑦David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945. pp. 156-157
⑧Harvey O’Connor, The Empire of Oil, Monthly Review Press1955,pp.303-304.
⑨Aaron David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and American Foreign Policy, 1939-1949,Chapel Hill: TheUniversity of North Carolina Press1980, pp.179-180; Ed Shaffer, The United States and the Control of World Oil, St. Martin’s Press1983,pp95-96.
①Irvine H. Anderson, Aramco, the United States, and Saudi Arabia: A Study of the Dynamics of Foreign Oil Policy, 1933-1950, Princeton University Press,1981,
②Robert O.Kehane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press,1984,pp160-161.
③Robert O. Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press,1984,p166.
④Svante Karlsson,Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy , p89.
⑤Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. to Harry Truman, Washington, D.C., July 18, 1952, Sunner Pike Papers, Truman Library.
⑥“The FTC‘Cartel’Report- A Major Scandal,”Oil Forum, November 1952, p 370
①Oscar Chapman,“A Report to the National Security Council by the Secretary of the Interior and Petroleum Adminstrator for Defense on National Security Problems Concerning Gree World Petroleum Demands and Potential Supplies,”Washington, D.C., December 8, 1952, Declassified Documents Reference System 59C, Arlington, Va.: The Carrollton Press, 1978
②Stephen J. Spingarn to Harry Truman, Washington, D.C., October 29, 1952, Spingarn Papers, Truman Library.
③Charles F. Edmundson,“Iraq’s Explosive Oil,”Nation, August 2, 1958, p. 52.
④Dwight Eisenhower to Dillon Anderson, Washington, D.C., July 30, 1957, Material Relating to Oeal History-Dillon Anderson, Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library .
⑤Mira Wilkins, The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Bussiness Abroad from 1914 to 1970, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974, p. 338。
①Special Committee to Investigate Crude Oil Imports, report,“Petroleum Imports,”Washington, D.C., July 1957, White House Central Files, Eisenhower Library
②Minutes of Cabinet Meeting, Washington, D.C., March6, 1959, Ann Whitman File- Cabinet Series, Eisenhower Library .
③Dwight Eisenhower to Rómulo Bet ancourt, Washington, D.C., April 28, 1959, White House Central Files, Eisenhower Library .
④Offical of Emergency Planning, untitled release, Washington, D.C., February 16, 1962, Robinson-Ross Office Files, Lyndon Johnson Presidential Library, Austin, Tex. .
⑤John Ricca to J. Cordell Moore, Washington, D.C., October 6, 1967, White House Central Files, Johnson Library .
①John Ricca to J. Cordell Moore, Washington, D.C., October 6, 1967, White House Central Files, Johnson Library .
②U.S., Congress, House of Representatives,“Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Report on Mandatory Oil Import Control Program”, in United States Code, Congressional and Administrative News, and St. Paul: West Publishing Co. 1968, Its Impact on the Domestic Minerals Industry, Committee Print No. 11, 90th Cong., 2d sess, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, ,pp. 24-25.
③Douglas Dillon to Maurice Stans, Washington, D.C., December 1, 1960, White House Central Files, Eisenhower Library
①Dankwart A. Rustow and John F. Mungo, OPEC: Success and Prospects, Council on Foreign Relations, New York: New York University Press, 1976, p.8.
②Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped, New York:Bantam Books, 1976, p. 260.
③Memoradum to Nixon, 26 October,1971, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives .
④Memoradum to Nixon, 26 October,1971, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives .
⑤Memoradum to Nixon, 10 October,1973, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives.
⑥Memoradum to Nixon, 10 October,1973, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives.
①CK3100383053, NSC 138, DDRS.
②CK3100383100, NSC 138/1, National Security Problems Concerning Free World Petroleum Demands and Potential Supplies, Jan 9, 1952, DDRS.
③CK3100383100, NSC 138/1, DDRS.
④John, A. Loftus,“Oil in United States Foreign Policy,”Vital Speeches, October 1, 1946, National Archives
⑤Inter-Divisional Petroleum Committee, secret, National Archives
⑥Memorandum by the Inter-Divisional Petroleum Committee of the Department of State, Foreign Petroleum Policy of theUnited States, April 11, FRUS 1944 Vol. V (1944) http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1944v05.p0039&id=FRUS.FRUS1944v05&isize=M
①Memorandum by the Inter-Divisional Petroleum Committee of the Department of State, Foreign Petroleum Policy of the United States, April 11, FRUS 1944 Vol. V (1944)
②U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Controlling the Movement and Transportation Abroad of Gasoline and Petroleum Products, 80th Cong., 1st sess., Report No.696( Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1947), secret, National Archives, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979,p.19.
③U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Controlling Movement and Transportation Abroad of Gasoline and Petroleum Products, Report to accompany H.R. 4042, July 21, 1947, 80th Cong. ( Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1947), secret, National Archives.
④U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Controlling Movement and Transportation Abroad of Gasoline and Petroleum Products, Report to accompany H.R. 4042, July 21, 1947, 80th Cong.
①Letter from Eisenhower to Winston Churchill, March 29, 1956. Documents on British Foreign Policy Overseas Series II 1950-60
②Telegram From the Mission at the United Nations to the Department of State, New York, October26, 1955, Secret, Deparment of State, Central Files, 310.2/10-2655
③FRUS,1943,Volum VII,, p.408.
④United States Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1943. Foreign Relations (Washington, D.C.:1943), p.410
⑤FRUS, 1948, Vol. V (Washington, D.C.:1975), p.519.
⑥FRUS, 1948, Vol. V (Washington, D.C.:1975), p.89.
⑦FRUS, 1948, Vol. V (Washington, D.C.:1975), p.89.
①The Secretary of State to the Secretary of Defense, United States Department of State, FRUS 1952-1954, Volume X: Iran 1951-1954. p.1063 http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS195254v10&isize=M&page=1063
②NSC information,January 30,1973, meeting with Flanigan on Iran Oil , confidential, National Archives, Record Group 137.
③Memorandum for President , January26,1973, Iran's Negotiations with oil companies , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137.
①Memorandum for President , January26,1973, Iran's Negotiations with oil companies , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137.
②NSC information,January 30,1973, meeting with Flanigan on Iran Oil , confidential, National Archives, Record Group 137.
③Exploring Energy Choices, A Preliminary Report of the Ford Foundation Energy Policy Project, Washington DC,1974,p.7 .
④Report Prepared in the Executive Secretariat of the Department of State, Top Secret, Eyes only for Designated Reciplent, Eisenhower Library, Whitman File
⑤United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Suez Crisis, July 26-December 31, 1956 (1955-1957), U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955-1957, p.800
⑥Report Prepared in the Executive Secretariat of the Department of State, Top Secret, Eyes only for Designated Reciplent, Eisenhower Library, Whitman File
①General United States military and economic policies toward the Middle East, Top Secret, Department of State, Central Files120
②Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Bundy to President Kennedy, Washington, April 2, 1963, Secret, Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, Standing Group Meetings, General 4/63.
③Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Bundy to President Kennedy, Washington, April 2, 1963, Secret, Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, Standing Group Meetings, General 5/63.
①Minutes of Meeting og U.S. Delegation, October29, 1947, IO Files, Doc, US/A/M73
②The United States Representative at the United Nations to the Secretary of State, November1, 1947, IO Files, Doc, US/A/M73
①Sydney Nettleton Fisher, The Middle East–A History, p.822
②Jon Glassman, Arms for the Arabs:The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press,1975,p.25
③President’s Daily Breif, Washington, June5,1967, Top Secret, Johnson Library, National Security File, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, Vol 6, AppendixA
④President’s Daily Breif, Washington, June8,1967, Top Secret, Johnson Library, National Security File, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, Vol 6, AppendixA.
⑤Telegram From the Embassy in Israel to the Department of State, Tel Aviv, June9,1967, Limited Official Use, National Archives and Records Sdminstration, Group 59, Central Files 1967-69
①Doc.257,Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Saudi Arabia,Jul 11,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol.XXXIV available at http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/z.html
②Doc.243,Telegram From the Embassy in Libya to the Department of State,Jun 15,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol. XXXIV available at http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/y.html
③Doc.251,Telegram From the Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to the Department of State,Jun 27,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol.XXXIV http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/z.html
①Doc.235,Letter From Secretary of State Rusk to Secretary of the Interior Udall.Jun 8,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol. XXXIV http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/x.html
②CK3100446754,Memorandum of the Middle East Oil Problem,Jun 9,1967,DDRS.
②Congressional Quarterly Service, Congress and the Nation, Volume III, 1969-1972, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Service, 1973,P845.
③Congressional Quarterly Service, Congress and the Nation, Volume III, 1969-1972, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Service, 1973,P846.
①Richard Nixon, Special Message to the Congress on Energy Resources, June 4, 1971, the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
②Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
③Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
④Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
①Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
②CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990,Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
③CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
①Richard Nixon, Special Message to the Congress on Energy Policy, April 18, 1973, , the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
②CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
③CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
④Richard Nixon, Special Message to the Congress on Energy Policy, April 18, 1973, , the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
⑤Richard Nixon, Memorandum Directing Reductions in Energy Consumption by the Federal Governmnet, June29, 1973, , the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
⑥CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room
⑦Richard Nixon, Remarks About the Nation’s Energy Policy, September 8,1973, the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
①NSC information Octorber7, 1973, our position on ceasefire in 1967, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173.
②Bina,Cyrus,“The economics of oil crisis: the case study of the world oil crisis of 1973-74”Ph.D., The American University, 1983
①“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318, pp. 1319-1322
②Kassis, Jihad Geogesv“U. S. Foreign policy-making in middle east crisis: the 1973-74 oil embargo”Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, 1981.
③Nationtional Security Council, Washington D.C. 20506,“National Security Study Memorandum 174”, March 8, 1973, Secret, DNSA.
①US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential,, National Archives, Record Group630
②US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential,, National Archives, Record Group630.
③US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential,, National Archives, Record Group630.
①Albert P. Blaustein and Jordon J. Paust, The Arab Oil Weapon , Oceana Pubns ,Aug 1977,p.31.
②Albert P. Blaustein and Jordon J. Paust, The Arab Oil Weapon , Oceana Pubns ,Aug 1977,p.31.
③Albert P. Blaustein and Jordon J. Paust, The Arab Oil Weapon , Oceana Pubns ,Aug 1977,p.32.
④亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第22页.
⑤“Memoradum for Kissinger”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973.
①Kissinger,Years of Upheaval,Boston:Little,Brown &CO.,1982,pp.98.
②Memoradum for Kissinger”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973.
③亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,第246.
④Jidda to Kissinger“OPEC participation:Sag warns companies”“Memoradum for Kissinger”,July 10, 1972; confidential , National Archives, Record Group 137, ME, July 10, 1972.
①Jidda to Kissinger“OPEC participation:Sag warns companies”“Memoradum for Kissinger”,July 10, 1972; confidential , National Archives, Record Group 137, ME, July 10, 1972.
②Kissinger,Years of Upheaval,Boston:Little,Brown &CO.,1982,pp.33.
③“Memoradum for Kissinger”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973
④Memoradum to Nixon ,“Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973
①NSC information“Options for an Egypt-Israel settlement in the Sinai”, March6, 1972, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130,National Security Council Information, March6, 1972
②NSC information ,“Background for Hafiz Ismail's visit”, February 2, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , February 2, 1973
③Memoradum to Nixon ,“Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973.
④Presenent Nixon letter to Sadat letter,May 4, 1972, National Archives, Record Group 137 Middle East, May 4, 1972.
①Memoradum to Nixon ,“Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , February 23, 1973.
②Kissinger to Nixon,“Summary of my talks with Hafiz Ismail”, March 6, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , March 6, 1973.
③Kissinger to Nixon,“Summary of my talks with Hafiz Ismail”, March 6, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , March 6, 1973.
④Kissinger to Nixon,“Summary of my talks with Hafiz Ismail”, March 6, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , March 6, 1973.
⑤Memoradum to Nixon,“prime Minister Meir's visit”, February 24, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 135 Middle East, National Security Council Information; NSC Action Memoradum to Nixon,“ME peace effort- a current assessment”,May10,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 132 Middle East, National Security Council Information;“NSC Action Memcon of Mrs. Meir's meeting with the President”, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 136 Middle East, National Security Council Information ,
⑥Memorandum for Kissinger ,“Soviet Anti-US campaign in the ME”,March2,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130.
⑦Memorandum for Kissinger,“ME issues that might be discussed in Moscow”, April 39,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130.
①Memorandum for Kissinger,“President Sadat's remarks on US and USSR”,May3, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130 .
②Memorandum for Kissinger ,“Comment on Moscow principles on Arab-Israeli agreement”, May15,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130 .
③Memorandum for Kissinger,“President Sadat's remarks on US and USSR”,May3, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130 .
①NSC Action5629, July 24, 1972, King Faisal's Letter to the president, confidential, Group137, National Achievies.
②NSC information, Noverber 26, 1972, Saudi Arabian oil negotiations, confidential, Group137, National Achievies.
③Memoradum to Nixon , February 23, 1973, Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail , secret, Group131, National Achievies.
①King Faisal letter to Nixon August 31, 1973 , secret, , Octorber 6, 1973, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, August 31, 1973
②Memorandum of conversation Kissinger/Saudi minster Saqqaf/ Akins, November 8,1973, top secret, Exclusively Eyes Only, National Archives, Record Group 176
③IR00833,“Ten Questions on the Oil Crisis and Oil Embargo”,Confidential, Memorandum, September 19, 1973, Iran Revolution
④To Kissinger , Gdi concern about possible Syrian and Egpitian attack today , Octorber 6, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173, Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
⑤WSAG meeting ,”Summary of Conclusion”, Octorber 6, 1973, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
①ZO 0961233Z, Kissinger to King Faidal and King Hussein , Octorber 6, 1973, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
②King Faisal to Kissinger, Octorber 6, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
③WSAG(NSC)meeting-MiddleEast , Octorber 6, 1973 , secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
④D 070621Z ME task force situation report October 6 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
⑤Washington Post, October 8,1973; New York Times, October 7,1973
⑥D 070621Z ME task force situation report October 6 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑦NSC information,our position on ceasefire in 1967 October 7, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
①D 070621Z ME task force situation report October 6 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
②Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p.421
③Tehran(Iran)to Kissinger , audience with Shah , Octorber 23, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 630, Middle East.
④Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p421.
⑤Mohammed E. Ahrari, OPEC-the Failing Giant, The University Press of Kentucky, 1986.pp431.
①ME task force situation report October 7 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
②Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger, Hostilities in ME October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
③Louis Turner, Oil Companies in the International System, 3`d ed., London: Royal Institute of International Affairs: George Allen&Unwin, 1983.
④NSC information , Arab-Israeli situation report, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑤Richard Nixon,The Memoirs of Richard Nixon,New York:Grosset and Dunlap,1978,pp.922--924.
⑥NSC information , Arab-Israeli situation report, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑦Marvin Kalb and Bernard Kalb, Kissinger, Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.
⑧Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Lebanon and ME hostilities, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East; Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Israeli ammunition needs, October 9,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑨NSC meeting on the Middle East , October 9,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 175 Middle East.
①Louis turner, Oil Companies in the International System, London: Allen&Unwin, 1978.
②Michael Tanzer, The Energy Crisis: World Struggle for Power and Wealth, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974.
③Walter J. Levy, Oil Strategy and Politics: 1941-1981, Boulder: Westview Press, 1982
④NSC meeting on the Middle East , October 15,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 174 Middle East.
①NSC Action Memcon of Mrs. Meir's meeting with the President ,September 21, 1970, secret , National Archives, Record Group 136
②耿艳:《冷战期间美国对以色列的援助研究》,《青岛大学硕士论文》,2008年
③Green,Stephen,Living by the Sword:America and Israel in the Middle East 1968-87[M], Brattleboro,VT:Amana Books,1988.
④耿艳:《冷战期间美国对以色列的援助研究》,《青岛大学硕士论文》,2008年
⑤Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974,July,1974, confidential , National Archives, Record CIA 113
⑥Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential , National Archives, Record CIA113
①Burns,William J.,Economic Aid and American Policy Toward Egypt,1955-1981[M],New York: Albany, NY, 1985.
②耿艳:《冷战期间美国对以色列的援助研究》,《青岛大学硕士论文》,2008年
③Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped. New York: The Viking Press, 1975; Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p451
①Economic Intelligence Weekly, October 26, 1973, top secret , CIA Files
②Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p331
③Mohammed E. Ahrari, OPEC-the Failing Giant, The University Press of Kentucky, 1986.pp454-456
①彭树智主编,王铁铮、林松业著:《中东国家通史:沙特阿拉伯卷》,商务印书馆2000年版,第200页。
①亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第98.
②亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第98.
③NSC information , oil company reports, confidential ,December 7, 1972, confidential, National Archives, Record Group 137, Middle East.
④New York Times, November 28, 1973.
⑤Jidda to Kissinger, US reports that Arab oil boycott is not effective, January 2, 1974, secret 631/2/199
⑥亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第164.
①New York Times, October 16, 1973.
②Executive Order 11743. October 23, 1973, in Weekly Complication of Presidential Documents, 1973, p.1273.
③“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318.
④“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Message to Congress, November 8, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1319-1322.
⑤Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 324, November 8, 1973, Special Message to the Congress Proposing Emergency Energy Legislation ; New York Times, November 28, 1973.
⑥Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1974, pp. 35.
⑦New York Times, December 21, 1973.
⑧Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1974, pp 72-87.
⑨Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 332, November 16, 1973, Remarks on Signing a Bill Authorizing the Trans-Alaska Oil
①“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
②“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
③“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
①Jidda to Kissinger , Possibility of Red Sea "Economic Union " , January 9, 1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 631; US Intelligence Analysis and the Oil Issue 1973-1974, Staff Report of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence 95th Congress 1st Session8, top secret, CIA Files
②Jidda to Kissinger , possibility of red sea "economic union " , January 9, 1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 631, January 9, 1974.
①Jidda to Kissinger, letter form Saudi minister of state for foregin affairs to the secretary secret , National Archives, Record Group 631 Middle East, January3, 1974.
②Jidda to Kissinger, willingness of king Faisal to change Saudi oil policy secretary secret , National Archives, Record Group 630 Middle East, November 27, 1973.
③Pollock,David,The Politics of Pressure:American Arms and Israeli Policy since the Six Day War [M], Westport,conn:Greenwood Press,1982.
④Pollock,David,The Politics of Pressure:American Arms and Israeli Policy since the Six Day War [M], Westport,conn:Greenwood Press,1982.
⑤Jidda to Kissinger , Sadat to visit King Faisal, secret , National Archives, Record Group 180, Middle East, January10, 1974
⑥Memoradum of conversation, Middle East development , January 10.1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 133 Middle East.
⑦Memoradum of conversation, Middle East development , January 10.1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 133 Middle East.
⑧Pollock,David,The Politics of Pressure:American Arms and Israeli Policy since the Six DayWar [M], Westport,conn:Greenwood Press,1982.
①. Quandt,William B.,Peace Process:American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967 [M], Washington,D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2005.
②. Rabinovich,Itamar&Haim Shaked,From June to October:the Middle East between 1967 and 1973[M],New Brunswick,N.J.:Transaction Books,1978.
③Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira, Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782; Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems , Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788
④Meeting between the President and Prime Minister: (1) U.S.-Japan Trade Balance; (2) Korea--Security; (3) Korea--U.N.;
①Green,Stephen,Taking Sides:America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel[M],New York:William Morrow & Co.,Inc.,1984.
②Green,Stephen,Living by the Sword:America and Israel in the Middle East 1968-87[M], Brattleboro,VT:Amana Books,1988.
①Hahn,Peter L.,Caught in the Middle East:U.S.Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1945-1961[M],Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2004.
②Hahn,Peter L.,Crisis and Crossfire:The United States and the Middle East Since 1945[M], Washington,D.C.:Potomac Books,Inc.,2005.
③Herzog,Chaim,The War of Atonement:October,1973[M],Boston:Little,Brown and Company,1975
④Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira, Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782; Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems , Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788
⑤Hulme,Derick L.,Jr.,Palestinian Terrorism and U.S.Foreign Policy,1969-1977[M],New York:The Edwin Mellen Press,2004.
⑥Isaacson,Walter,Kissinger:a Biography[M],New York:Simon&Schuster,1992.
⑦Johnson,Lyndon Baines,The Vantage Point:Perspectives of the Presidency,1963-1969[M], New York:Hold,Rinehart and Winston,1971.
①Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira, Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782; Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems , Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788.
②Kaufman,Burton Ira,The Arab Middle East and the United States:Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy[M],New York,N.Y.:Twayne Publishers,1996.
①Burns,William J.,Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt,1955-1981,p.178.
②Kissinger,Herry,CRSIS:The Anatomy of Two Major Foreign Policy Crises,p.19
③Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1310-1311
④Kissinger,Herry,CRSIS:The Anatomy of Two Major Foreign Policy Crises,p.78.
⑤Egyptian statement of concern re reported US, MF0501743,The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East
①Open message from Sadat to President Nixon, MF0501743 The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 17,p.0792,Bell& Howell Informative and Learning.
②Egyptian third army:USG action, MF0501744,TheRichard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 18,p.0649,Bell& Howell Informative and Learning.
③Quandt,William B.,Peace Process:American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967,p.120.
④Quandt,William B.,Peace Process:American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967,p.127
②Burns,William J.,Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt,1955-1981,p.201.
①NSC information, our position on ceasefire in 1967, October 7,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
②Cairo to Kissinger, Arab/Israeli hostilities:who started it, October 7,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
③Moscow to Kissinger , Soviet activities on eve of ME outbreak , October 9,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
④ME task force situation report No14 -15, October 9,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑤Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, p 1267
⑥Middle East Journal, XXVII (Autumn 1973): 534.
⑦Middle East Journal, XXVII (Autumn 1973): 534.
①Kissinger,Years of Upheaval,Boston:Little,Brown,1982,p.576.
②Brent Scowcroft , Dinitz(Israel) and Kissinger telcon, October 24,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 136 Middle East.
③Kissinger’s news conference of October 25,1973, in Department of State Bulletin, November 12, 1973; CBS Report ,“The Mysterious Alert ,”January 17, 1974, Presidential Documents, October 29, 1973.
④Kissinger talking points for meeting with General Walters:Palestinians, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 139 Middle East, October 26, 1973
①Kissinger talking points for meeting with General Walters:Palestinians, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 139 Middle East, October 26, 1973
②Janice Stein,Flawed Strategies and Missed Signals:Crisis Bargaining between the Superpowers,October 1973,in the Middle East and the United States,edited by David W.Lesch,New York:West view Press,1996,p.219.书名斜体
③Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger10/6/73 Prime minister's address about initiation of hostilities 2secret 173/3/29
①NSC meeting on the Middle East , October 15,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 174 Middle East.
②Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger, Israellis begin political assessment for war, Octorber 7, 1973 , secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
①Secretary's Staff Meeting, Friday, October 19, 1973, 12:35 p.m. Secret, Minutes, Kissinger Transcripts, KT00858
②Strategy for Middle East peace settlement, MF0501752 The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 26,p.0630,Bell&Howell Informative and Learning.
①Jidda to Kissinger December 18, 1973, meessage to King Feisal , secret National Archives, Record Group 180
②Memoradum of conversation 1/14/74 Kissinger and Egypt, January 14,1974, top secret , National Archives, Record Group 133.
①Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1306-1307.
②Memoradum of conversation 1/14/74 Kissinger and Egypt, January 14,1974, top secret , National Archives, Record Group 133.
③Message from Prime Minister Meir(Israel)to Sadat January18, 1974 secret ,National Archives, Record Group 136
④Damascus(Syria)to Kissinger , Syria position on Geneva, January 19,1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 631.
①Message from the Secretary to President Assad, MF0501747,The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 21, p.537,Bell&Howell Informative and Learning.
②Kissinger to Nixon, your meeting with Prime Minister Meir, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 136, May2,1974
③Agreement on disngagement between Israeli and Syrian forces May31,1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 136.
①Kissinger, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982,P36.
②Arab World Files,No.243,2 April, 1975
③Kissinger, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp374-369.
①Arab World Files, No.243,2 April, 1973.
②NSC information, February 2, 1973 Iranian oil situation , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137
③NSC information, February 2, 1973 Iranian oil situation , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137
④以上数据来自:安维华,钱雪梅:《海湾石油新论》,社会科学文献出版社2000年
①Memorandum of conversation Kissinger/Saudi minster Saqqaf/ Akins, November 8,1973, top secret, Exclusively Eyes Only, National Archives, Record Group 176
②Nixon to King Faisal , National Archives, Record Group 163, December 3, 1973
③Jidda to Kissinger, Saudi reactions to president Nixon's letter to King Faisal ,secret, National Archives, Record Group 630, December 9, 1973
④Memorandum of conversation Kissinger/Saudi minster Saqqaf/ Akins, top secret, Exclusively Eyes Only, National Archives, Record Group 176
⑤[美]J.斯帕尼尔:《第二次世界大战后美国的外交政策》,商务印书馆1992年,第211页。
①Jidda to Kissinger, meessage to King Feisal, National Archives, Record Group 180
②Jidda to Kissinger ,Saudi King decides to lift oil boycott , December 18, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 630
③Jidda to Kissinger December28,1973, Letter from president Nixon to King Faisal ,secret National Archives, Record
①Robert L. Pfaltzgraff Energy Issues and Alliance Relationships: The United States,Western Europe and Japan, Cambridge, Mass Washington D.C.: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc, Henry A Kissinger Years of Up heavalBoston: Little,Brown,1982.
②Edward F. Shaffer, The Oil Import Program of the United States, New York: Praeger, 1968.
③Brend Scowcroft to Nixon 11/9/73 kissinger's meeting with King Faisail, November 9, 1973, top secret , National Archives, DSC00161
②. Saudi prince to Kissinger, secret , DSC00205
③Joan Edelman Spero and Jeffrey A.Hart,ed.,The Politics of International Economic Relations,5th New York: St.Martin's Press,1997,p.263.
①Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting ,secret National Archives, Record Group 133
②Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting ,secret National Archives, Record Group 133
③Central Intelligence Bulletin March14,1974 , top secret National Archives, cia files
④Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting 1secret National Archives, Record Group 133
①Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting 1secret National Archives, Record Group 133
②Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting 1secret National Archives, Record Group 133
①Halliday, Arabia Without Sultons,P.137.
②Nthony Cordesman,The Gulf and the Search for Strategic Stability,Boulder, Colo.:Westview Press,1984,PP.127-128;John R Miglietta,American Alliance Policy in the Middle East,1945-1992,P212; WilliamB.Quandt.Saud Arabia in the1980s:Foreign Policy, Security and Oil,Washington,D.C.,The Brookings In stitution Press,1981, p.52
③Dankwart A Rostow,Oil and Turmoil,P199.
④资中筠;《战后美国外交史》,世界知识出版社1994年版,第490页.
①赵伟明;《中东问题与美国中东政策》,时事出版社2006年5月版,第134页.
②US intelligence analysis and the oil issue 1973-1977 staff report of the senate select committee on intelligence 95th congress 2st session8, CIA files .
③US intelligence analysis and the oil issue 1973-1977 staff report of the senate select committee on intelligence 95th congress 2st session8 , CIA files.
①US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential, National Archives, Record Group630
②US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential, National Archives, Record Group630
③New York Times,Feb.24.1974.
④Barry Rubin,Paved with“Paved with Good Intentions:The American Experience and Iran.PP.113-121.迈克尔?V.多伊尔:《福特言论集》(中译本),上海人民出版社,1975,第217、218页。
①Tel 345 to Jedda File destroyed, 12 October, 1973, Heath issues warning of need to avoid imperiling oil supplies. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
②Tel 2081 to Washington SMG6/1, 15 October,1973, Message from Heath to Nixon expressing concern about oil supply and prices. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③Jedda tel 492 MWE2/12, 16 October,1973, Reports Saudi threat to cut back oil production, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV Minute: J A Thomson to Parsons, File destroyed, 16 October, Confirms US assurances that Israel would not be re-supplied from the UK. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
④Tel 351 to Jedda NB 12/5, 16 October, 1973, Responds to Saudi oil warning in No. 296, and poins out risk of alienating Western Europe. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
⑤Minnute: Cable to J O Wright, MWE 2/12, 2 November,1973, Cautions against differences with EC partners over oil. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
⑥《基辛氏当代文献》1974年第262页
①Jidda to Kissinger December 12,1974, Yamani's view on oil price, National Archives, Record Group secret 630
②US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential, National Archives, Record Group630
③U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p70
④U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p72
⑤U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p74。
⑥U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p75
⑦Secretary Kissinger's Visit to Tokyo Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 22, 1973, , National Archives ,Kissinger files
①The Christian Science Monitor ,Octorber 23, 1973
②The Christian Science Monitor ,Octorber 26, 1973
③The Christian Science Monitor ,Octorber 11, 1973
④Rome to Kissinger October27,1973, Saudi warning to European community secret, National Archives, Record Group 174
⑤J.N. Moore ed., The Arab-Israeli Conflict, 3 vols, Princeton University Press 1974,p1146
①Letter: Sohm to Heath ME 12/304/1 9January, 1974, Covers invitation to Energy Conference and Letter to OPEC letter to OPEC leaders regarding this. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV埃及《金字塔报》1974年3月11日
②Letter: Sohm to Heath ME 12/304/1 9January, 1974, Covers invitation to Energy Conference and Letter to OPEC letter to OPEC leaders regarding this. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③亨利·基辛格:《动乱年代》,中译本,世界知识出版社1983年版,第124页。
④安瓦尔·萨达特:《我的一生-对个性的探讨》,中译本,商务印书馆1980年版,第232.
⑤UKREP Brussels tel 168 ME 12/304/1 January 11,1974, Reperts COREPER discussion of Energy Conference, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
①Paris tel 40 ME 12/304/1 January 11,1974 Summarises French reservations regarding proposed Energy Conference, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
②Washington tel 478 ME 12/304/1, Feburary 6, 1974, Reports Kissinger’s speech disclaiming any intention of staging confrontation with oil producing nations, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③Washington tel 478 ME 12/304/1, Feburary 6, 1974, Reports Kissinger’s speech disclaiming any intention of staging confrontation with oil producing nations, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
④A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
①穆罕默德·海卡尔《通向十月战争之路》,中译本,上海译文出版社1076年版,第131页。
②A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
①A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
②Paris tel 185 ME12/304/1 9Feburary, 1974, Analyses French approach to the Energy Conference, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential National Archives, Cia files
①A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
②Peter R.Odell,Oil and World Power,5th edition,New York:Penguim,1979,p.43
③John M.Blair,The Control of Oil,New York:Pantheon Books,1978,pp.182-183.
①Louis turner,Oil Companies in the International System,London:Allen&Unwin,1978,
②Benjamin Shwadran,Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973,Boulder and London:West view Press,1986,p.17.
③Robert O.Keohane:After Hegemony:Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy,Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press,1984,p.224.
④Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential National Archives, Cia files
⑤Benson Grayson,Saudi-American Relations,Washington D.C.:University Press of America,1982,p.113.
⑥Irvine H.Anderson,Aramco,The United States and Saudi Arabia:A Study in the Dynamics of Oil Policy,1933–1950,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1981,pp.188-189.
①Clark,John G.The Political Economy of World Energy:A Twentieth-Century Perspective. New York:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1990.
②Significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , December 9, 1974, confidential National Archives, Cia files
③Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential National Archives, Cia files
④Hufbauer,Gary Clyde,ed.Economic Sanctions Reconsidered:History and Current Policy. Washington,D.C.:Institute for International Economics,1990.
⑤Hufbauer,Gary Clyde,ed.Economic Sanctions Reconsidered:History and Current Policy. Washington,D.C.:Institute for International Economics,1990.
①Abir Author,Oil,Power and Politics:Conflict in Arabia,the Red Sea&the Gulf,London:Frank Cass,1974,p.32.
②Robert G.Darius,Gulf Security in the 1980s,Hoover Iinstitute Press,1981,p.99.
③Hoslein Amirsadeghi,The Security of The Persian Gulf,New York:St.Martin's Press,1981,p74..
④Steven A.Schneider,The Oil Price Revolution,Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1983,p.165.
⑤Michael Tanzer,The Energy Crisis:World Struggle for Power and Wealth,New York:Monthly Review Press, 1974.p.28.
⑥Edward W.Chester,United States Oil Policy and Diplomacy:A Twentieth Century Overview,Westport,Conn: Greenwood Press,1983,p.47.
⑦Benjamin Shwadran,Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973,Boulder and London:Westview Press,1986,p.20.
⑧Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983,P25.
①Daniel Badger, and Robert Belgrave, Oil Supply and Price: What Went Right in 1980? London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1982,p.693.
②Daniel Badger, and Robert Belgrave, Oil Supply and Price: What Went Right in 1980? London: royal Institute of International Affairs, 1982. p.695.
③Foreign Policy Research Institute,Oil Diplomacy:The Atlantic Nations in The Oil Crisis of 1978-79, Philadelphia,1980,p.76.
④Steven A. Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983,p.440.
⑤Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983,p.32.
⑥Foreign Policy Research Institute,p.74
⑦Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983p.31.
①Foreign Policy Research Institute,p.74.
②Steven A. Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983,p.441
③Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983,p.31.
④Steven A. Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
⑤Jimmy Carter, Sitution in Iran and Soviet Invasion of Afquanistan Remarks at a White House Briefing for Members of Congress, January 8, 1980, the American Presidency Preoject, National Archives
①兹比格涅夫·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年版,第454页。
①WSAG meeting.Octorber8, 1973, status of oil contingency study , secret, National Archives, Record Group 129
②Executive Order 11743. October 23, 1973, in Weekly Complication of Presidential Documents, 1973, p.1273
③Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1974, pp. 35
①Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Lebanon and ME hostilities, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 8, 1973; Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Israeli ammunition needs, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 9, 1973
②NSC meeting on the Middle East , National Archives, Record Group 174 Middle East, Octorber 15, 1973
③“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
④“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
①Memoradum of conversation, Middle East development , December 28.1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 133 Middle East
②Newsweek, February 18, 1974
③Time, December 17,1973
④New York Times, December 25,1973
①Briefing memorandum 15 February 1974 visit to Washington of Foreign Minister Fahmy and Saqqaf:suggested strategy 3top secret, National Archives, Group 133
1、美国国家档案馆(National Archives and Records Administration ) ·尼克松政府时期档案(2007年9月28解密) ·Kissinger Office Files Series Descriptions ·中央情报局:检索1973-1974年石油危机,共有文件265份Central Intelligence Bulletin ·通过AAD来查找在线数据库中的电子资源。1973-1975关于1973-1974石油危机的美国大使馆的电报(Telegram)共4490多份。http://aad.archives.gov/aad/
2、美国能源署(Department of Energy) http://www.energy.gov/index.htm
3、美国能源信息部(Energy Information Administration) 提供了1973年石油危机期间的相关数据和为纪念1973-1974年石油禁运25周年的相关专题http://www.eia.doe.gov/l
4、中央情报局官方网站(FOIA)解密文件https://www.cia.gov/ Central Intelligence Bulletin
5、国务院官方网站(FOIA)提供的解密文件http://foia.state.gov/SearchColls/CollsSearch.asp
·“Kissinger Transcripts”专题。Telephone conversations
·《美国对外关系》(Foreign Relations of the United States), U.S. Department of State FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XVIII, Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1964-67, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2000. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xviii/index.html FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XXI, Near East Region, Arabian Peninsula, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2001. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxi/index.html FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XXII, Iran, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2001. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxii/index.html FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2004. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xix/ FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XX, Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1967-68, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2001. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xx/ FRUS 1969-1976, Volume XII, Soviet Union, January 1969-October 1970, United States GovernmentPrinting Office , Washington, 2006. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xii/index.htm FRUS 1969-1976, Volume XIV, Soviet Union, October 1971-May 1972, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2006. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xiv/index.htm FRUS 1969-1976, Volume E-4, Documents on Iran and Iraq, 1969-1972, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2006. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e4/index.htm
6、尼克松图书馆:http://www.nixonfoundation.org/index.shtml http://nixon.archive.gov/index.php Kissinger Office Files Series Descriptions: http://nixon.archives.gov/forresearchers/find/textual/kissingerdesc.php 约翰逊图书馆:http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/
7、美国总统公开文件(Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, U.S. Government Public Office, Washington D.C.) 1973-1974年有关石油问题的公开文件: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php
8、Digital National Security Archive http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/home.do ·检索1973-1974年石油危机,共有文件103份·专题“The Kissinger Transcripts: A Verbatim Record of U.S. Diplomacy, 1969–1977”,共有PDF文件700余份。
1. Iranian Oil Crisis :Limited Official Use, Memorandum of Conversation State, January 30, 1973, 4 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00807
2. [Discussion with Simcha Dinitz of Egyptian Position on Middle East Conflict; Includes Summary of Exchanges with Hafiz Ismail] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, April 11, 1973, 8 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00698
3. [Discussion with Michel Jobert in Paris] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, May 22, 1973, 17 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00736
4. [Discussion with Abba Eban and Simcha Dinitz] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, August 17, 1973, 8 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00797
5. [Ten Questions on the Oil Crisis and Oil Embargo] Confidential, Memorandum, September 19, 1973, 3 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00833
6. Today's Meeting with Oil Company Chiefs Confidential, Memorandum, October 26, 1973, 18 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00838
7. Secretary's Staff Meeting, Friday, October 26, 1973--3:15 p.m. Secret, Minutes, October 26, 1973, 35 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00871
8. Implications of Oil Crisis for Japan's Domestic and International Economic Policies Secret,Memorandum of Conversation, November 14, 1973, 8 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01829
9. Press Accounts of Secretary Kissinger's Visit to Tokyo Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 22, 1973, 6 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00919
10. Meeting in Sec[retary] Kissinger's Office with Walter Levy Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 26, 1973, 7 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00923
11. Bipartisan Leadership Meeting Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, November 27, 1973, 9 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00926
12. Record of Conversation between the Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary and the U.S. Secretary of State, Dr. Henry Kissinger, at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office at 10:30 a.m. on Wednesday, 12 December 1973 Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 12, 1973, 22 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00948
13. The Secretary's Call on General Franco Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 18, 1973, 5 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00964
14. Secretary's Conversation with Foreign Minister Jobert Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 19, 1973, 12 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00966
15. [Meeting with President Pompidou] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 20, 1973, 9 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00968
16. Secretary's Staff Meeting, Wednesday, December 26, 1973, 3:10 p.m. Secret, Minutes, December
26, 1973, 13 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00973
17. Middle East Disengagement; Washington Energy Conference Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, January 20, 1974, 14 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01006
18. De Segonzac Luncheon Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, January 23, 1974, 5 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01009
19. The Economic Impact of the Oil Price Increase Confidential, Report, January 24, 1974, 7 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01847
20. [Talk with Kurt Waldheim on Oil Crisis, Energy Policy, and Middle East] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, January 27, 1974, 11 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01012
21. Energy Conference Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 10, 1974, 13 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01026
22. The EC and Energy; the Middle East; Berlin; U.S.-European Relations; SALT Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 26, 1974, 19 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01035
23. [Evening Discussion with Syrian Foreign Minister; Incorrect Date of February 25, 1974 on Document] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 26, 1974, 7 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01037
24. Strategies for the Oil Crisis and the Scenario for September 28 Meeting Secret, Briefing Memorandum,September 21, 1974, 8 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00893
25. [Meeting with Jewish Leaders on Middle East Peace Process and U.S. Policy toward Israel;Includes List of Attendees] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, October 7, 1974, 10 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01356
26. Issues/Talking Points: Middle East Secret, Briefing Paper, November 1974, 4 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01893
27. Issues/Talking Points: The Global Energy Situation Confidential, Briefing Paper, November 1974, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01896
28. National Security and U.S. Energy Policy Secret, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176
29. Meeting with Chancellor Willy Brandt of the Federal Republic of Germany on Tuesday, May 1, 1973 at 10:45 a.m. to 12:25 p.m. Secret, Memorandum for Record, May 1, 1973, 3 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00710
30. Record of Conversation between the Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary and Dr. Henry Kissinger at 3:00 p.m. on Thursday 10 May at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, May 10, 1973, 9 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00719
31. Dr. Kissinger's Cabinet Briefing Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, May 25, 1973, 4 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00738
32. Agenda for ECONCOM IX Confidential, Cable, June 1, 1973, 7 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01736
33. Nixon/Tanaka Summit Background Paper VI: Energy Confidential, Cable, June 28, 1973, 6 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01748
34. Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka's Visit: The Question of Focus Secret, Memorandum, June 30, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00057
35. Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka's Visit: The Question of Focus Secret, Memorandum, June 30, 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00058
36. Energy Secret, Briefing Paper, July 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01766
37. Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka's Visit: A Proposed Focus Secret, Action Memorandum, July 5, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00059
38. Your Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782
39. U.S.-Japan Cooperation on Multilateral Problems of Mutual Concern Secret, Report, July 27, 1973, 17 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00064
40. Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788
41. Second Meeting between the President and Prime Minister: (1) U.S.-Japan Trade Balance; (2) Korea--Security; (3) Korea--U.N.; (4) Korea--Recognition of North and South; (5) Southeast Asia; (6) USSR and PRC and Rimlands of Asia; (7) U.S.-PRC Relations; (8) Energy; (9) U.S.-Japan Consultative Organs; (10) U.S.-Japan Mutual Security Treaty; and (11) U.S.-Japan Joint Development, Siberia Secret,Memorandum of Conversation, August 1, 1973, 13 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01792
42. [Discussion with Abba Eban and Simcha Dinitz] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, August 17, 1973, 8 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00797
43. U.S.-Japan Security Relations Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, September 17, 1973, 4 pp.
44. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00066
45. [Meeting of William Clements and Defense Minister Yamanaka on September 16, 1973] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, September 17, 1973, 8 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00067
46. [Meeting of William Clements with Fumihiko Togo and Masayoshi Ohira in Tokyo, September
16, 1973] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, September 17, 1973, 8 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00068
47. Secretary Clements' Co[n]versation with Minister Yamanaka Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, September 26, 1973, 6 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00071
48. Secretary Kissinger's Participation in the East Asia Chiefs of Mission Conference Confidential, Briefing Paper, October 1973, 44 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01809
49. Middle East Top Secret, Minutes, October 17, 1973, 12 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00854
50. Secretary's Staff Meeting, Friday, October 19, 1973, 12:35 p.m. Secret, Minutes, October 19, 1973, 33 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00858
51. Meeting with Oil Company Executives Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, October 26, 1973, 14 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00872
52. [Meeting with Zhou Enlai] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 12, 1973, 29 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00901
53. Your Meeting with Yasuhiro Nakasone, Minister of International Trade and Industry (MITI) Confidential, Memorandum, November 14, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01826
54. U.S.-European Relations Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 28, 1973, 37 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00928
55. U.S. and Japanese Approach to Current Energy and Economic Issues Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, December 10, 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01842
56. Secretary's Conversation with British Officials at Mildenhall Air Force Base: Energy Action Group Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 22, 1973, 3 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00972
57. The State of U.S.-Australian Relations at the Departure of the Australian Ambassador Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, January 30, 1974, 13 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01015
58. [State Department Staff Meeting; Attached to Decision Memorandum Dated February 4, 1974] Secret, Minutes, January 31, 1974, 47 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01017
59. Washington Energy Conference Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 9, 1974, 7 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01025 9国家安全档案The National Security ArchiveThe October War and U.S. Policy http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB98/index.htm The Kissinger Transcripts: A Verbatim Record of U.S. Diplomacy:including The October War and relations with the Arab states, Japan, and Western Europe during the 1973-1974 oil crisis http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB193/index.htm A SECONDARY AFFAIR:AMERICAN ECONOMIC FOREIGN POLICY AND JAPAN,1952-1968 Working Paper No. 9 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/barnhartwp.html Japan's Foreign Economic Policy and Relations with the United States, 1969-1977:Change in Japan - A Comparison of Japan's Response to International Monetary Crisis in 1971 and 1973 Working Paper No. 3 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/ando.htm The Nixon `Shocks' And U.S. - Japan Strategic Relations,1969-74Working Paper No. 2Michael Schaller The University of Arizona http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/schaller.htm U.S. Foreign Economic Policy and Relations with Japan,1969-1976 Thomas W. Zeiler The University of Colorado Working Paper No. 1 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/zeiler.htm REPORT ON JAPANESE ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM AND REMARKS BY NOBORU HOSHUYAMA FORMER JAPANESE DEFENSE AGENCY OFFICIAL ON U.S.-JAPAN DEFENSE COOPERATION http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/shocks.htm Hisahiko Okazaki Oral History Interview Conducted by Akihiro Tanaka (University of Tokyo)Makoto Iokibe and Koji Murata December 18, 1995 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/okazakiohinterview.htm Bunroku Yoshino Oral History Interview Conducted by Akihiko Tanaka (University of Tokyo)June 30, 1997 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/yoshinoohinterview.htm Takashi Maruyama Oral History Interview Conducted by Akihiko Tanaka (University of Tokyo) and Koji Murata April 12, 1996 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/maruyamaohinterview.htm Yusuku Kashiwagi Oral History Interview Conducted by Makoto Iokibe, Masayuki Tadokoro (National Defense University, Japan)and Yoshiko Kojo (University of Tokyo) February 29, 1996 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/kashiwagiohinterview.htm
10解密文件系统Declassified Documents Reference System. ·http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/DDRS;jsessionid=8D687C7F858EA16FFA507A65C2F11619·locID=wash74137
11美国福特基金会有相关能源研究报告20份http://www.fordfound.org/archives/subject/energy
12 Miller Center http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/presidentialrecordings/可以找到尼克松总统的电话录音和文本记录。
13 ArchiveGrid http://archivegrid.org/web/index.jsp
14美国科学家联盟(Federation of American Scientists) http://www.fas.org/index.html
15主要的报纸杂志: New York Times, Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, Petroleum Economist, Christian Science Monitor, the London Financial Times, Middle East Economic Digest, Middle East Journal
Foreign& Commonwealth Office (FCO):英国海外文件集中有关于能源危机的专题共有文件568份Documents on British Policy Oversea (DBPO) Series The Year of Europe: America, Europe and Energy Crisis, 1972-1974
1. Anderson, Irvine H. , Aramco, The United States and Saudi Arabia: A Study in the Dynamics of Oil Policy, 1933–1950, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
2. Alan, Dowty. Berkeley, Middle East Crisis: U.S. Decision-Making in 1958, 1970 and 1973, University of California Press, 1984
3. Aaron, David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and America Foreign Policy, 1939-1949, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980.
4. Arthurjay, Klinghoffer, The Soviet Union and International Politics, New York: Columbia University Press,1977.
5. Anthony, Sampson, The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped, New York: The Viking Press, 1975
6. Adelman, M A. , The World Petroleum Market, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.
7. Abbas, Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
8. Abir, Author, Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict in Arabia, the Red Sea & the Gulf, London: Frank Cass,1974.
9. AlRoy, Gil Carl, The Kissinger Experience: American Policy in the Middle East, New York:Horizon Press, 1975.
10. Amirsadeghi, Hoslein , The Security of The Persian Gulf, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.
11. Ahrari, Mohammed E. , OPEC-the Failing Giant, The University Press of Kentucky, 1986.
12. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, Documents on the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Emergence of Conflict in Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Wars and Peace Process, New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 2005.
13. Boyne, Walter J., The Two O'clock War: the 1973 Yom Kippur Conflict and the Airlift That Saved Israel, New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2002.
14. Badger, Daniel, and Belgrave, Robert, Oil Supply and Price: What Went Right in 1980? London: royal Institute of International Affairs, 1982.
15. Bohi, Douglas R. and W. David Montgomery, Oil Prices, Energy Security, and Import Policy, Washington, D.C.:Distributed by the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.
16. Benson, Grayson, Saudi-American Relations, Washington D.C.: University Press of America, 1982.
17. Benjamin, Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Power, 3rd ed., Rev. J Jerusalem, 1973
18. Benjamin, Shwadran, Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973, Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1986.
19. Bohi, Doughlas R. , Milton, Russell, U.S. Energy Policy: Alternatives for Security, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1975.
20. Bromley, Simon, American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, The State System, and The World Economy, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.
21. Blair,John M., The Control of Oil, New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
22. Bucknell, Howard , Energy and The National Defense, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1981.
23. Conant, Melvin A. and Racine, Fern Gold, The Geopolitics of Energy, Boulder: Westview Press, 1978.
24. Christopher , Tugendhat and Adrian, Hamilton, Oil, the Biggest Business, London: Eyre Methuen, 1975.
25. Choucri, Nazli, International Politics of Energy Interdependence: The Case of Petroleum, Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1976, p.31.
26. Chester, Edward W., United States Oil Policy and Diplomacy: A Twentieth Century Overview, Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1983.
27. Deese, David A. , Nye, Joseph S. eds., Energy and Security, Cambridge, Mass,Ballinger Pub. Co.1981.
28. David, Howard Davis. Energy politics, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982
29. Darius, Robert G., Gulf Security in the 1980s, Hoover Iinstitute Press, 1981.
30. Edelman Spero, Joan and Hart, Jeffrey A. , ed., The Politics of International Economic Relations, 5th New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.
31. Fried, Edward R. and Trezise,Philip H., Oil Security: Retrospect and Prospect, Washington, D.C.:Brookings Institution,1993.
32. Gregory, Treverton. Farnborough, Hampshire edited, Energy and Security, Published for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, by Gower, 1980
33. Ghanayem, Ishaq I. & Alden H. Voth, The Kissinger legacy: American-Middle East policy, New York: Praeger, 1984.
34. Golan, Matti, The Secret Conversations of Henry Kissinger: Step-by-Step Diplomacy in the Middle East, New York: Bantam Books Inc., 1976.
35. Goldberg, Jacob et.al., The Soviet-American Competition in the Middle East, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1988.
36. Griffin, James M. , Steele, Henry B. , Energy Economics and Policy, New York: Academic Press, 1980.
37. Green, Stephen, Living by the Sword: America and Israel in the Middle East 1968-87, Brattleboro, VT: Amana Books, 1988.
38. Hahn, Peter L., Crisis and Crossfire: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945, Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc., 2005.
39. Hamilton, Charles W. , American and Oil in the Middle East, Gulf Publishing Company,1962.
40. Hoskins, Halford L., Middle East Oil in U.S. Foreign Policy, Westport, Conn.: Hyperion Press, 1976.
41. Hunter, Robert E., The Energy Crisis and U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Foreign Policy Association, Inc.1973.
42. Jenkins, Gilbert, Oil Economists Handbook, London: Applied Science Publishers, 1977.
43. Krueger, Robert B. , The United States and International Oil, New York: Praeger, 1975
44. Kaufman, Burton Ira, The Arab Middle East and the United States: Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy, New York, N.Y.: Twayne Publishers, 1996.
45. Kissinger, Henry, The Kissinger Transcript: the Top Secret Talks with Beijing and Moscow, New York: New Press, 1999.
46. Kissinger, Herry, Crisis: The Anatomy of Two Major Foreign Policy Crisis: Based on the Record of Henrry Kissinger’s Hitherto Secret Telephone Conversations, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.
47. Kissinger, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982.
48. Kriesberg, Louis, International Conflicts Resolution: the U.S.-USSR and Middle East Cases, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
49. Kalb, Marvin and Kalb, Bernard , Kissinger, Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.
50. Keohane, Robert O. , After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, 1984.
51. Karlsson, Svante, Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy, Leamington Spa: Berg, 1986.
52. Klebanoff, Shoshana, Middle East Oil and U.S. Foreign Policy: With Special Reference to the U.S. Energy Crisis, Praeger Publisher, 1974.
53. Kannan, Narasimhan P. , Energy, Economic Growth, and Equity in the United States, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1979.
54. Litwak, Robert S., Détente and The Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the pursuit of stability, 1969-1976, London: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
55. Lenczowski, Goerge, Middle East Oil in a Revolutionary Age, Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute,1976.
56. Lieber, Robert J. , The Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983
57. Levy, Walter J. , Oil Strategy and Politics 1941-1981, Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.
58. Merklein, Helmut A. , W. Carey Hardy. Houston, Energy economics, Tex.: Gulf Pub.Co., Book Division, 1977.
59. Meir, Golda, My Life: The Autobiography of Golda Meir, London: Futura, 1976.
60. Miglietta, John P., American Alliance Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1992: Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2002.
61. Mikdashi, Zuhayr, The Community of Oil Exporting Countries, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972
62. Morris, Ellis Fitch, Superpower Indirect Conflict: the 1973 October War, Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1981.
63. Manning, Robert A., The Asian Energy Factor: Myth and Dilemmas Energy Security and the Pacific Future, New York: Palgrave, 2000.
64. Neff, Donald, Warriors Against Israe: America Comes to the Rescue in 1973, Brattleboro, Vt.: Amana Books, 1988.
65. Nash, Gerald D., U.S. Oil Policy, 1890–1964: Business and Government in Twentieth Century America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1968,
66. Odell, Peter R., Oil and World Power, 5th edition, New York: Penguim, 1979.
67. O’Connor, Harvey, The Empire of Oil, Monthly Review Press, 1955.
68. Painter, David, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy, 1941-1954, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
69. Paust, Jordan J. and Blaustein, Albert P. ed., The Arab Oil Weapon, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications,1977
70. Parker, Richard Bordeaux, The October War: a Retrospective, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
71. Quandt, William B., Decade of Decisions: American Policy Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1967-1976, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
72. Quandt, William B., Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2005.
73. Rouhanc, Fuad, A History of OPEC, New York: Praeger, 1971
74. Romm, Joseph J., Defining National Security: The Nonmilitary Aspects, New York:Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1993.
75. Rifai, Taki, The Pricing for Crude Oil, New York: Praeger, 1975
76. Rabinovich, Itamar & Haim Shaked, From June to October: the Middle East between 1967 and 1973, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1978.
77. Rosenbaum, Walter A. , Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2nd Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc1987.
78. Rosenbaum, Walter A. , Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2nd Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc1987.
79. Schneider, Steven A., The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983
80. Stork, ,Joe, Middle East Oil and the Energy Crisis, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
81. Szyliowicz, Joseph S., O’Neill, Bard E. , eds., The Energy crisis and U.S. foreign policy, New York: Praeger, 1975.
82. Sayigh, Yezid, Shlaim, Avi, The Cold War and the Middle East, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1997.
83. Stocking,George W., Middle East Oil: A Study in Political and Economic Controversy, Vanderbilt University Press
84. Shoshana, Klebanoff., Middle East oil and U.S. Foreign Policy: With Special Reference to the U.S. Energy Crisis. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1974.
85. Sheikh, Rustum Ali, Saudi Arabia and Oil Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1976..
86. Sadat, Anwar & Raphael Israeli, The Public Diary of President Sadat, Leiden: Brill, 1978.
87. Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., The Dynamics of World Power: a Documentary History of United States Foreign Policy, 1945-1973, New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1973.
88. Sheehan, Edward R. F., The Arabs, Israelis, and Kissinger: A Secret History of American Diplomacy in the Middle East, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1976.
89. Thornto, Richard C., The Nixon-Kissinger Years: Reshaping America’s Foreign Policy, New York: Paragon House, 1989.
90. Turner, Louis, Oil Companies in the International System, 3rd ed., London: Royal Institute of International Affairs: George Allen & Unwin, 1983
91. Tanzer, Michael , The Energy Crisis: World Struggle for Power and Wealth, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974.
92. Wehling, Fred, Irresolute Princes: Kremlin Decision making in Middle East Crisis, 1967-1973, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
93. Weinbaum, Marvin G., Egypt and the Politics of U.S. Economic Aid, Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1986.
94. Wesselman, William D., U.S. Foreign Policy Decision-Making During the 1973 Arab-Israeli Conflict: Its Impact on Soviet-Egyptian Foreign Policy Relations, Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College,1995.
95. Weisberg, Richard , the Politics of Crude Oil Pricing in the Middle East1970-1975, Berkley: Institute of International Studies, 1977.
96. Vietor, Richard H.K. . Energy Policy in America Since 1945: A Study of Business Government Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
97. Yager, Joseph A. and Steinberg, Eleanor B. , Energy and U.S. Foreign Policy, Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger, 1974.
98. Yergin, Daniel and Hillenbrand, Martin, ed., Global Insecurity: A Strategy for Energy and Economic Renewal, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1983.
99. Yergin, Daniel, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.此书国内有两个中文译本,其一是新华出版社1991版的《石油、金钱、权力》,另一本是由上海市政协翻译组翻译的《石油风云》,由上海译文出版社1992出版。
1. Aljuraid, Sulaiman Matel,“United States Foreign Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Nixon-Ford Years”, Ph.D., University of South Carolina, 1996, AAT 9637087
2. Anusiem, Emeka I.,“The Role of Egypt in the United States-Soviet Superpower Rivalry, 1945-1981”, Ph.D., Saint Mary's University (Canada), 1991, AAT MM67034
3. Al Swayed, Abdullah Mohammed,“The present and future of energy-based Saudi industrialization: A comparative advantage approach”Ph.D., Colorado State University, 1996, AAT 9719544
4. Altieri, Frank Armand,“Efficiency, dependency and the demand for oil”Ph.D., Fordham University, 1994, AAT 9425182
5. Baird, Gordon Lawrence,“The impact of higher oil prices on the economies of non-oil developing countries”Ph.D., University of California, Riverside, 1987, AAT 8808632
6. Bina,Cyrus,“The economics of oil crisis: the case study of the world oil crisis of 1973-1974”Ph.D., The American University, 1983, 224 pages; AAT 8324083
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11. Chow, Larry Chuen-ho,“Changes in the energy economy of Thailand, Hong Kong and South Korea, 1961-1975 and their implications”Ph.D., University of Kansas, 1982, AAT 8301718
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15. Fossum, John Erik,“Assessing state intervention: Federal oil policies, 1973-1984”Ph.D., The University of British Columbia (Canada), 1990, AAT NN64046
16. Ghorbani Sheikhneshin, Arsalan,“Great Power Intervention: A Study of United States Policy in the Egyptian-Israeli Conflicts (1956-1973)”, Ph.D., University of New South Wales (Australia), 1996, AAT 0597143
17. Ghanayem, Ishao Isa,“The Nixon-Kissinger Middle East Strategy, 1969-1974”, Ph.D., AAT 8027771, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1980.
18. Heiat, Nafisseh,“A supply-demand model for OPEC oil pricing policies”Ph.D., Portland State University, 1988, AAT 8827509
19. Kassis, Jihad Georges,“U.S. Foreign Policy-Making in Middle East Crisis: the 1973-1974 Oil Embargo”, Ph.D., University of Motre Dame, 1981 AAT 8118574
20. Li, Jian-Fa, Three essays on the estimations of price elasticity of demand in the United States cigarette industry and world crude oil market Ph.D., West Virginia University, 2003 AAT 3132954
21. Lee, Joonbeom,Emergency oil system and international cooperation Ph.D., University of Missouri - Columbia, 2001, AAT 3012994
22. Lester, Charles Frederick,The search for dialogue in the administrative state: The politics, policy, and law of offshore oil development Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1992, AAT 9304984
23. Macris, Jeffrey R“The Anglo-American gulf: Britain's departure and America's arrival in the Persian Gulf”,Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, 2007, AAT 3262374
24. Nyden, Michael N. J.,“Crisis in mass media? A study of validity, relevance and neutral presentation in four Swedish newspapers' reporting regarding the international oil companies as a cause for the 1973-1974 oil crisis”Fil.Dr., Uppsala Universitet (Sweden), 1988 AAT C091214
25. Nasseh, Alireza,“Energy price shocks, and short-run aggregate supply:the evidence from five industrialized countries”Ph.D., Michigan State University, 1982, AAT 8303833
26. Petrou, Linda Louise,“United States Foreign Policy Attitudes towards Soviet Participation in the Arab-Israeli Peace Process”, Ph.D., University of Maryland College Park, 1994, AAT 9526283
27. Portella, John L.,“oil politics and economics: history, theory and evidence, sixteenth-twentieth centuries”Ph.D., The American University, 1986, AAT 8802360
28. Riddlesperger, James Warren, JR.,“Energy policy management in the states”Ph.D., University of Missouri - Columbia, 1983, AAT 8406238
29. Ruthven, Carol Lynn,“Canadian Federalism and the regulation of oil: 1960-1985”Ph.D., Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), 1986; AAT NL32081
30. Reuven Hollo,“Oil and American Foreign Policy in the Persian Gulf(1947-1991)”, Ph.D., University of Texas, 1995, AAI9534807.
31. Tung, An-Chi“Taiwan's adjustment after the oil shocks (1973-1985)”Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1988, AAT 8916925
32. Stone, Susan Carol,“Dual dependence: Japanese policy toward the Middle East, 1973 to 1984”Ph.D., The George Washington University, 1985, AAT 9627687
33. Shoar-Ghaffari, Pirouz,“Iran in the New York Times and the Times, 1968-78: A Comparative study of the relations of press and national interest”Ph.D., Syracuse University, 1985, AAT 8524441
34. Shin, Eui Soon,“Impact of the 1973-1974 oil crisis and energy substitution in Korea”Ph.D., University of Washington, 1980, AAT 8026304
35. Schneider, Steven Alan,“International rivalries and the oil price revolution”Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1980, AAT 8113179
36. Sargent, Daniel Jonathan,“From internationalism to globalism: The United States and the transformation of international politics in the 1970s”Ph.D., Harvard University, 2008, AAT 3312511
37. Tidd, John Michael,“The development of Soviet interest in East-West energy cooperation in Europe, 1971-1981”Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, 1987, AAT 8807479
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②Ghanayem, Ishaq I. & Alden H. Voth, The Kissinger legacy: American-Middle East policy, New York: Praeger, 1984.
④Peter L Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945, Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc., 2005.
⑤John P Miglietta, American Alliance Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1992: Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2002.
⑥Robert S Litwak, Détente and The Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the pursuit of stability, 1969-1976, London: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
①William B Quandt, Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2005.
②Joe Stork, Middle East Oil and the Energy Crisis, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
③George W. Stocking, Middle East Oil: A Study in Political and Economic Controversy, Vanderbilt University Press.
④Sheikh Rustum Ali, Saudi Arabia and Oil Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1976.
⑤Saud Mehmas Albraikan,“OPEC Foreign investment: the case of Saudi Arabia”Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder, 1980.
⑥John Simon Bilimatsis,“Small states as major powers: a case study of Saudi Arabia”Ph.D., The George WashingtonUniversity, 1980, AAT 8014056.
①Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
②Abir Author, Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict in Arabia, the Red Sea & the Gulf, London: Frank Cass,1974.
③Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Power, 3rd ed., Rev. J Jerusalem, 1973.
④Benjamin Shwadran, Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973, Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1986.
⑤Zuhayr Mikdashi, The Community of Oil Exporting Countries, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972.
⑥Simon Bromley,American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, the State System and the World Economy,Pennsylvania State University Press , February 1, 1991
⑦Peter R Odell,Oil and World Power;: Background to the Oil Crisis,Taplinger Pub. Co; 3rd edition ,1975
⑧石油危机爆发以前,美国国内石油企业的石油成本要远远高于国际石油开发成本,所以为了避免国内的石油企业在美国市场内的竞争占优势,以及鼓励企业在国内勘探石油资源和保持一定的利润,艾森豪威尔政府在1959年制定了石油进口限制额度政策,此政策于1973年4月被尼克松废除。
⑨E. L Wheelwright,Oil & world politics: From Rockefeller to the Gulf War,Left Book Club 1991
①Ghanayem, Ishao Isa,“The Nixon-Kissinger Middle East Strategy, 1969-1974”, Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara, 1980.
②Petrou, Linda Louise,“United States Foreign Policy Attitudes towards Soviet Participation in the Arab-Israeli Peace Process”, Ph.D., University of Maryland College Park, 1994.
③Svante Karlsson, Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy, Berg Publishers ,January 1986.
①Peter R. Odell, Oil and World Power: A Geographical Interpretation, Penguin (Non-Classics); 8 Sub edition , March 3, 1987
②Stone, Susan Carol,“Dual dependence: Japanese policy toward the Middle East, 1973 to 1984”Ph.D., The George Washington University, 1985
①美国福特基金会的有相关能源研究报告网址如下: http://www.fordfound.org/archives/subject/energy
②Jihad Geogesv Kassis,“U. S. Foreign Policy-making in Middle East Crisis: the 1973-74 Oil Embargo”Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, 1981.
③Reuven Hollo,“Oil and American Foreign Policy in the Persian Gulf(1947-1991)”, Ph.D., AAI9534807, University of Texas, 1995.
④Cyrus Bina,“The Economics of Oil Crisis: the Case Study of the World Oil Crisis of 1973-74”Ph.D., The American University, 1983.
①江红:《为石油而战——美国石油霸权的历史透视》,北京:东方出版社,2002年版。
②安维华、钱雪梅主编:《海湾石油新论》,社会科学文献出版社,2000年版。
③人民日报1995年4月20日
④杨光、姜明新著:《石油输出国组织》,中国大百科全书出版1995年版。
⑤武汉大学经济系北美经济研究室:《战后美国第六次经济危机》,商务印书馆,1978年版。
⑥赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版。
①王能全著:《石油与当代国际经济政治》,时事出版社,1993年版。
②肖显社:《喋血赎罪日第四次中东战争纪实》,北京:世界知识出版社,1997年版。
③于江欣:《烽火十月:第四次中东战争》,北京:军事科学出版社,2000年版。
④申钟:《战后中东四次战争》,上海:上海人民出版社,1978年版。
⑤赵庆寺:《20世纪70年代石油危机与美国石油安全体系:结构、进程与变革》,博士学位论文,复旦大学,2002年。
⑥王芳:《美国对1967年中东石油危机的政策》,硕士学位论文,东北师范大学,2006。
⑦李小地:《70年代石油危机后美国的石油消费政策及其实施效果》,国际石油经济2006年11期。
①Energy Information Adminstration, Interagency Database and Projections Working Group, Washington DC
②寻找新能源-二十一世纪能源问题展望,《光明日报》,1999年11月29日
③Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July 1998,Table 11.4
①Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997,DOE/EIA-0384(97). (Washington, DC, July 1998), Table 5.19.
①赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版,第2页。
①The Oil and Gas Journal, January 26, 1950,p. 54, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
②The Oil and Gas Journal, January 26, 1950,p. 54, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
③石油产量估值并不一直统一,这五个国家在《世界石油》中的日产估值为1,473,718桶;在《油气杂志》中的估值为1,386,000桶。World Oil, July 15, 1950, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS. The Oil and Gas Journal, January 26, 1950
④World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.54, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
⑤World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.42, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, DDRS.
⑥World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.42-43, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, DDRS.
①World Oil, July 15, 1950, p.42-43, CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, DDRS.
①World Petroleum Annual Refinery Review 1950, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
②Bureau of Mines, World Petroleum Statistics, 1949, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
③Bureau of Mines, World Petroleum Statistics, 1949, Document No. CK3100207408, International Petroleum Cartel, Volume I, Part 1, Chapter I: The World's Petroleum Resources, Miscellaneous, Federal Trade Commission, Papers of Harry S Truman Confidential Files, secret, DDRS.
②Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
③Exploring Energy Choices, A Preliminary Report of the Ford Foundation Energy Policy Project, Washington DC,1974,p.7.
④National Security and U.S. Energy Policy, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176, Secret, National Archives.
⑤Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
①National Security and U.S. Energy Policy, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176, Secret, National Archives.
②Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
③Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 1997, DOE/EIA-0384(97), Washington DC, July, 1998.
④National Security and U.S. Energy Policy, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176, Secret, National Archives.
⑤Oil Statistics 1972-74 ,Complied by the Oil Committee, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developnent, Paris 1976, p22.
①David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945,Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press 1986. pp118-121.
②Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Power, Rev. J. Jerusalem, 1973,pp338-341.
③U.S., Department of State, FRUS 1946 Volum7, pp18-28.
④Aaron David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and Amerian Foreign Policy, 1939-1949, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980, pp181-182.
⑤David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945, pp117-119.
⑥Sheikh Rustum Ali, Saudi Arabia and Oil Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1976, pp.104-105.
⑦David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945,. p167-168; Benjamin Shwadran, Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973,pp8-9.
①U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, Multinational Petroleum Companies and Foreign Policy: Report Together With Individual Views,Washington D.C.: Government Pringting Office, 1975, pp.85-86.
②David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945, pp.117-118.
③Aaron David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and Amerian Foreign Policy, 1939-1949, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980, pp.180-181.
④Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Powers, pp533-534.
⑤Scante Karlsson, Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy, Leamington Spa: Berg 1986, pp76-77.
⑥经济合作署-the Economic Cooperation Administration,后来改为共同安全署-the Mutual Security
⑦David Painter, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy,1941-1945. pp. 156-157
⑧Harvey O’Connor, The Empire of Oil, Monthly Review Press1955,pp.303-304.
⑨Aaron David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and American Foreign Policy, 1939-1949,Chapel Hill: TheUniversity of North Carolina Press1980, pp.179-180; Ed Shaffer, The United States and the Control of World Oil, St. Martin’s Press1983,pp95-96.
①Irvine H. Anderson, Aramco, the United States, and Saudi Arabia: A Study of the Dynamics of Foreign Oil Policy, 1933-1950, Princeton University Press,1981,
②Robert O.Kehane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press,1984,pp160-161.
③Robert O. Keohane, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press,1984,p166.
④Svante Karlsson,Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy , p89.
⑤Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. to Harry Truman, Washington, D.C., July 18, 1952, Sunner Pike Papers, Truman Library.
⑥“The FTC‘Cartel’Report- A Major Scandal,”Oil Forum, November 1952, p 370
①Oscar Chapman,“A Report to the National Security Council by the Secretary of the Interior and Petroleum Adminstrator for Defense on National Security Problems Concerning Gree World Petroleum Demands and Potential Supplies,”Washington, D.C., December 8, 1952, Declassified Documents Reference System 59C, Arlington, Va.: The Carrollton Press, 1978
②Stephen J. Spingarn to Harry Truman, Washington, D.C., October 29, 1952, Spingarn Papers, Truman Library.
③Charles F. Edmundson,“Iraq’s Explosive Oil,”Nation, August 2, 1958, p. 52.
④Dwight Eisenhower to Dillon Anderson, Washington, D.C., July 30, 1957, Material Relating to Oeal History-Dillon Anderson, Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library .
⑤Mira Wilkins, The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Bussiness Abroad from 1914 to 1970, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974, p. 338。
①Special Committee to Investigate Crude Oil Imports, report,“Petroleum Imports,”Washington, D.C., July 1957, White House Central Files, Eisenhower Library
②Minutes of Cabinet Meeting, Washington, D.C., March6, 1959, Ann Whitman File- Cabinet Series, Eisenhower Library .
③Dwight Eisenhower to Rómulo Bet ancourt, Washington, D.C., April 28, 1959, White House Central Files, Eisenhower Library .
④Offical of Emergency Planning, untitled release, Washington, D.C., February 16, 1962, Robinson-Ross Office Files, Lyndon Johnson Presidential Library, Austin, Tex. .
⑤John Ricca to J. Cordell Moore, Washington, D.C., October 6, 1967, White House Central Files, Johnson Library .
①John Ricca to J. Cordell Moore, Washington, D.C., October 6, 1967, White House Central Files, Johnson Library .
②U.S., Congress, House of Representatives,“Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Report on Mandatory Oil Import Control Program”, in United States Code, Congressional and Administrative News, and St. Paul: West Publishing Co. 1968, Its Impact on the Domestic Minerals Industry, Committee Print No. 11, 90th Cong., 2d sess, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, ,pp. 24-25.
③Douglas Dillon to Maurice Stans, Washington, D.C., December 1, 1960, White House Central Files, Eisenhower Library
①Dankwart A. Rustow and John F. Mungo, OPEC: Success and Prospects, Council on Foreign Relations, New York: New York University Press, 1976, p.8.
②Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped, New York:Bantam Books, 1976, p. 260.
③Memoradum to Nixon, 26 October,1971, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives .
④Memoradum to Nixon, 26 October,1971, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives .
⑤Memoradum to Nixon, 10 October,1973, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives.
⑥Memoradum to Nixon, 10 October,1973, Evolution of US procedural role in ME, secret, National Archives.
①CK3100383053, NSC 138, DDRS.
②CK3100383100, NSC 138/1, National Security Problems Concerning Free World Petroleum Demands and Potential Supplies, Jan 9, 1952, DDRS.
③CK3100383100, NSC 138/1, DDRS.
④John, A. Loftus,“Oil in United States Foreign Policy,”Vital Speeches, October 1, 1946, National Archives
⑤Inter-Divisional Petroleum Committee, secret, National Archives
⑥Memorandum by the Inter-Divisional Petroleum Committee of the Department of State, Foreign Petroleum Policy of theUnited States, April 11, FRUS 1944 Vol. V (1944) http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1944v05.p0039&id=FRUS.FRUS1944v05&isize=M
①Memorandum by the Inter-Divisional Petroleum Committee of the Department of State, Foreign Petroleum Policy of the United States, April 11, FRUS 1944 Vol. V (1944)
②U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Controlling the Movement and Transportation Abroad of Gasoline and Petroleum Products, 80th Cong., 1st sess., Report No.696( Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1947), secret, National Archives, Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979,p.19.
③U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Controlling Movement and Transportation Abroad of Gasoline and Petroleum Products, Report to accompany H.R. 4042, July 21, 1947, 80th Cong. ( Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1947), secret, National Archives.
④U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Controlling Movement and Transportation Abroad of Gasoline and Petroleum Products, Report to accompany H.R. 4042, July 21, 1947, 80th Cong.
①Letter from Eisenhower to Winston Churchill, March 29, 1956. Documents on British Foreign Policy Overseas Series II 1950-60
②Telegram From the Mission at the United Nations to the Department of State, New York, October26, 1955, Secret, Deparment of State, Central Files, 310.2/10-2655
③FRUS,1943,Volum VII,, p.408.
④United States Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1943. Foreign Relations (Washington, D.C.:1943), p.410
⑤FRUS, 1948, Vol. V (Washington, D.C.:1975), p.519.
⑥FRUS, 1948, Vol. V (Washington, D.C.:1975), p.89.
⑦FRUS, 1948, Vol. V (Washington, D.C.:1975), p.89.
①The Secretary of State to the Secretary of Defense, United States Department of State, FRUS 1952-1954, Volume X: Iran 1951-1954. p.1063 http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS195254v10&isize=M&page=1063
②NSC information,January 30,1973, meeting with Flanigan on Iran Oil , confidential, National Archives, Record Group 137.
③Memorandum for President , January26,1973, Iran's Negotiations with oil companies , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137.
①Memorandum for President , January26,1973, Iran's Negotiations with oil companies , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137.
②NSC information,January 30,1973, meeting with Flanigan on Iran Oil , confidential, National Archives, Record Group 137.
③Exploring Energy Choices, A Preliminary Report of the Ford Foundation Energy Policy Project, Washington DC,1974,p.7 .
④Report Prepared in the Executive Secretariat of the Department of State, Top Secret, Eyes only for Designated Reciplent, Eisenhower Library, Whitman File
⑤United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. Suez Crisis, July 26-December 31, 1956 (1955-1957), U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955-1957, p.800
⑥Report Prepared in the Executive Secretariat of the Department of State, Top Secret, Eyes only for Designated Reciplent, Eisenhower Library, Whitman File
①General United States military and economic policies toward the Middle East, Top Secret, Department of State, Central Files120
②Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Bundy to President Kennedy, Washington, April 2, 1963, Secret, Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, Standing Group Meetings, General 4/63.
③Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Bundy to President Kennedy, Washington, April 2, 1963, Secret, Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, Standing Group Meetings, General 5/63.
①Minutes of Meeting og U.S. Delegation, October29, 1947, IO Files, Doc, US/A/M73
②The United States Representative at the United Nations to the Secretary of State, November1, 1947, IO Files, Doc, US/A/M73
①Sydney Nettleton Fisher, The Middle East–A History, p.822
②Jon Glassman, Arms for the Arabs:The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press,1975,p.25
③President’s Daily Breif, Washington, June5,1967, Top Secret, Johnson Library, National Security File, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, Vol 6, AppendixA
④President’s Daily Breif, Washington, June8,1967, Top Secret, Johnson Library, National Security File, NSC Histories, Middle East Crisis, Vol 6, AppendixA.
⑤Telegram From the Embassy in Israel to the Department of State, Tel Aviv, June9,1967, Limited Official Use, National Archives and Records Sdminstration, Group 59, Central Files 1967-69
①Doc.257,Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Saudi Arabia,Jul 11,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol.XXXIV available at http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/z.html
②Doc.243,Telegram From the Embassy in Libya to the Department of State,Jun 15,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol. XXXIV available at http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/y.html
③Doc.251,Telegram From the Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to the Department of State,Jun 27,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol.XXXIV http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/z.html
①Doc.235,Letter From Secretary of State Rusk to Secretary of the Interior Udall.Jun 8,1967,FRUS 1964-1968,Vol. XXXIV http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxxiv/x.html
②CK3100446754,Memorandum of the Middle East Oil Problem,Jun 9,1967,DDRS.
②Congressional Quarterly Service, Congress and the Nation, Volume III, 1969-1972, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Service, 1973,P845.
③Congressional Quarterly Service, Congress and the Nation, Volume III, 1969-1972, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Service, 1973,P846.
①Richard Nixon, Special Message to the Congress on Energy Resources, June 4, 1971, the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
②Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
③Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
④Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
①Executive Energy Messages.Printed at the Request of Henry M.Jackson,chairman,Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate ,Secret, National Archives, Record Group 129.
②CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990,Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
③CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
①Richard Nixon, Special Message to the Congress on Energy Policy, April 18, 1973, , the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
②CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
③CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room.
④Richard Nixon, Special Message to the Congress on Energy Policy, April 18, 1973, , the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
⑤Richard Nixon, Memorandum Directing Reductions in Energy Consumption by the Federal Governmnet, June29, 1973, , the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
⑥CIA Files, U.S. Department of Energy,“Strategic. Petroleum Reserve: Analysis of Size Options,”DOE/IE-0016, February 1990, Top Secret, CIA Freedom of Information Act Elect ronic Reading Room
⑦Richard Nixon, Remarks About the Nation’s Energy Policy, September 8,1973, the American Presidency Preoject, avaible at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/index.php
①NSC information Octorber7, 1973, our position on ceasefire in 1967, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173.
②Bina,Cyrus,“The economics of oil crisis: the case study of the world oil crisis of 1973-74”Ph.D., The American University, 1983
①“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318, pp. 1319-1322
②Kassis, Jihad Geogesv“U. S. Foreign policy-making in middle east crisis: the 1973-74 oil embargo”Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, 1981.
③Nationtional Security Council, Washington D.C. 20506,“National Security Study Memorandum 174”, March 8, 1973, Secret, DNSA.
①US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential,, National Archives, Record Group630
②US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential,, National Archives, Record Group630.
③US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential,, National Archives, Record Group630.
①Albert P. Blaustein and Jordon J. Paust, The Arab Oil Weapon , Oceana Pubns ,Aug 1977,p.31.
②Albert P. Blaustein and Jordon J. Paust, The Arab Oil Weapon , Oceana Pubns ,Aug 1977,p.31.
③Albert P. Blaustein and Jordon J. Paust, The Arab Oil Weapon , Oceana Pubns ,Aug 1977,p.32.
④亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第22页.
⑤“Memoradum for Kissinger”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973.
①Kissinger,Years of Upheaval,Boston:Little,Brown &CO.,1982,pp.98.
②Memoradum for Kissinger”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973.
③亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,第246.
④Jidda to Kissinger“OPEC participation:Sag warns companies”“Memoradum for Kissinger”,July 10, 1972; confidential , National Archives, Record Group 137, ME, July 10, 1972.
①Jidda to Kissinger“OPEC participation:Sag warns companies”“Memoradum for Kissinger”,July 10, 1972; confidential , National Archives, Record Group 137, ME, July 10, 1972.
②Kissinger,Years of Upheaval,Boston:Little,Brown &CO.,1982,pp.33.
③“Memoradum for Kissinger”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973
④Memoradum to Nixon ,“Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973
①NSC information“Options for an Egypt-Israel settlement in the Sinai”, March6, 1972, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130,National Security Council Information, March6, 1972
②NSC information ,“Background for Hafiz Ismail's visit”, February 2, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , February 2, 1973
③Memoradum to Nixon ,“Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information 875, February 23, 1973.
④Presenent Nixon letter to Sadat letter,May 4, 1972, National Archives, Record Group 137 Middle East, May 4, 1972.
①Memoradum to Nixon ,“Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail”, February 23, 1973; Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , February 23, 1973.
②Kissinger to Nixon,“Summary of my talks with Hafiz Ismail”, March 6, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , March 6, 1973.
③Kissinger to Nixon,“Summary of my talks with Hafiz Ismail”, March 6, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , March 6, 1973.
④Kissinger to Nixon,“Summary of my talks with Hafiz Ismail”, March 6, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 131 Middle East, National Security Council Information , March 6, 1973.
⑤Memoradum to Nixon,“prime Minister Meir's visit”, February 24, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 135 Middle East, National Security Council Information; NSC Action Memoradum to Nixon,“ME peace effort- a current assessment”,May10,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 132 Middle East, National Security Council Information;“NSC Action Memcon of Mrs. Meir's meeting with the President”, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 136 Middle East, National Security Council Information ,
⑥Memorandum for Kissinger ,“Soviet Anti-US campaign in the ME”,March2,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130.
⑦Memorandum for Kissinger,“ME issues that might be discussed in Moscow”, April 39,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130.
①Memorandum for Kissinger,“President Sadat's remarks on US and USSR”,May3, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130 .
②Memorandum for Kissinger ,“Comment on Moscow principles on Arab-Israeli agreement”, May15,1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130 .
③Memorandum for Kissinger,“President Sadat's remarks on US and USSR”,May3, 1973, Secret, National Archives, Record Group 130 .
①NSC Action5629, July 24, 1972, King Faisal's Letter to the president, confidential, Group137, National Achievies.
②NSC information, Noverber 26, 1972, Saudi Arabian oil negotiations, confidential, Group137, National Achievies.
③Memoradum to Nixon , February 23, 1973, Background for your meeting with Egyptian Emissary Hafiz Ismail , secret, Group131, National Achievies.
①King Faisal letter to Nixon August 31, 1973 , secret, , Octorber 6, 1973, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, August 31, 1973
②Memorandum of conversation Kissinger/Saudi minster Saqqaf/ Akins, November 8,1973, top secret, Exclusively Eyes Only, National Archives, Record Group 176
③IR00833,“Ten Questions on the Oil Crisis and Oil Embargo”,Confidential, Memorandum, September 19, 1973, Iran Revolution
④To Kissinger , Gdi concern about possible Syrian and Egpitian attack today , Octorber 6, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173, Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
⑤WSAG meeting ,”Summary of Conclusion”, Octorber 6, 1973, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
①ZO 0961233Z, Kissinger to King Faidal and King Hussein , Octorber 6, 1973, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
②King Faisal to Kissinger, Octorber 6, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 129 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
③WSAG(NSC)meeting-MiddleEast , Octorber 6, 1973 , secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
④D 070621Z ME task force situation report October 6 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
⑤Washington Post, October 8,1973; New York Times, October 7,1973
⑥D 070621Z ME task force situation report October 6 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑦NSC information,our position on ceasefire in 1967 October 7, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
①D 070621Z ME task force situation report October 6 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 6, 1973
②Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p.421
③Tehran(Iran)to Kissinger , audience with Shah , Octorber 23, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 630, Middle East.
④Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p421.
⑤Mohammed E. Ahrari, OPEC-the Failing Giant, The University Press of Kentucky, 1986.pp431.
①ME task force situation report October 7 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
②Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger, Hostilities in ME October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
③Louis Turner, Oil Companies in the International System, 3`d ed., London: Royal Institute of International Affairs: George Allen&Unwin, 1983.
④NSC information , Arab-Israeli situation report, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑤Richard Nixon,The Memoirs of Richard Nixon,New York:Grosset and Dunlap,1978,pp.922--924.
⑥NSC information , Arab-Israeli situation report, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑦Marvin Kalb and Bernard Kalb, Kissinger, Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.
⑧Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Lebanon and ME hostilities, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East; Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Israeli ammunition needs, October 9,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑨NSC meeting on the Middle East , October 9,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 175 Middle East.
①Louis turner, Oil Companies in the International System, London: Allen&Unwin, 1978.
②Michael Tanzer, The Energy Crisis: World Struggle for Power and Wealth, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974.
③Walter J. Levy, Oil Strategy and Politics: 1941-1981, Boulder: Westview Press, 1982
④NSC meeting on the Middle East , October 15,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 174 Middle East.
①NSC Action Memcon of Mrs. Meir's meeting with the President ,September 21, 1970, secret , National Archives, Record Group 136
②耿艳:《冷战期间美国对以色列的援助研究》,《青岛大学硕士论文》,2008年
③Green,Stephen,Living by the Sword:America and Israel in the Middle East 1968-87[M], Brattleboro,VT:Amana Books,1988.
④耿艳:《冷战期间美国对以色列的援助研究》,《青岛大学硕士论文》,2008年
⑤Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974,July,1974, confidential , National Archives, Record CIA 113
⑥Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential , National Archives, Record CIA113
①Burns,William J.,Economic Aid and American Policy Toward Egypt,1955-1981[M],New York: Albany, NY, 1985.
②耿艳:《冷战期间美国对以色列的援助研究》,《青岛大学硕士论文》,2008年
③Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped. New York: The Viking Press, 1975; Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p451
①Economic Intelligence Weekly, October 26, 1973, top secret , CIA Files
②Abbas Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.p331
③Mohammed E. Ahrari, OPEC-the Failing Giant, The University Press of Kentucky, 1986.pp454-456
①彭树智主编,王铁铮、林松业著:《中东国家通史:沙特阿拉伯卷》,商务印书馆2000年版,第200页。
①亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第98.
②亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第98.
③NSC information , oil company reports, confidential ,December 7, 1972, confidential, National Archives, Record Group 137, Middle East.
④New York Times, November 28, 1973.
⑤Jidda to Kissinger, US reports that Arab oil boycott is not effective, January 2, 1974, secret 631/2/199
⑥亨利·基辛格:《白宫岁月》,世界知识出版社,1983年版,第164.
①New York Times, October 16, 1973.
②Executive Order 11743. October 23, 1973, in Weekly Complication of Presidential Documents, 1973, p.1273.
③“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318.
④“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Message to Congress, November 8, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1319-1322.
⑤Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 324, November 8, 1973, Special Message to the Congress Proposing Emergency Energy Legislation ; New York Times, November 28, 1973.
⑥Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1974, pp. 35.
⑦New York Times, December 21, 1973.
⑧Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1974, pp 72-87.
⑨Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 332, November 16, 1973, Remarks on Signing a Bill Authorizing the Trans-Alaska Oil
①“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
②“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
③“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
①Jidda to Kissinger , Possibility of Red Sea "Economic Union " , January 9, 1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 631; US Intelligence Analysis and the Oil Issue 1973-1974, Staff Report of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence 95th Congress 1st Session8, top secret, CIA Files
②Jidda to Kissinger , possibility of red sea "economic union " , January 9, 1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 631, January 9, 1974.
①Jidda to Kissinger, letter form Saudi minister of state for foregin affairs to the secretary secret , National Archives, Record Group 631 Middle East, January3, 1974.
②Jidda to Kissinger, willingness of king Faisal to change Saudi oil policy secretary secret , National Archives, Record Group 630 Middle East, November 27, 1973.
③Pollock,David,The Politics of Pressure:American Arms and Israeli Policy since the Six Day War [M], Westport,conn:Greenwood Press,1982.
④Pollock,David,The Politics of Pressure:American Arms and Israeli Policy since the Six Day War [M], Westport,conn:Greenwood Press,1982.
⑤Jidda to Kissinger , Sadat to visit King Faisal, secret , National Archives, Record Group 180, Middle East, January10, 1974
⑥Memoradum of conversation, Middle East development , January 10.1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 133 Middle East.
⑦Memoradum of conversation, Middle East development , January 10.1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 133 Middle East.
⑧Pollock,David,The Politics of Pressure:American Arms and Israeli Policy since the Six DayWar [M], Westport,conn:Greenwood Press,1982.
①. Quandt,William B.,Peace Process:American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967 [M], Washington,D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2005.
②. Rabinovich,Itamar&Haim Shaked,From June to October:the Middle East between 1967 and 1973[M],New Brunswick,N.J.:Transaction Books,1978.
③Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira, Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782; Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems , Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788
④Meeting between the President and Prime Minister: (1) U.S.-Japan Trade Balance; (2) Korea--Security; (3) Korea--U.N.;
①Green,Stephen,Taking Sides:America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel[M],New York:William Morrow & Co.,Inc.,1984.
②Green,Stephen,Living by the Sword:America and Israel in the Middle East 1968-87[M], Brattleboro,VT:Amana Books,1988.
①Hahn,Peter L.,Caught in the Middle East:U.S.Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1945-1961[M],Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2004.
②Hahn,Peter L.,Crisis and Crossfire:The United States and the Middle East Since 1945[M], Washington,D.C.:Potomac Books,Inc.,2005.
③Herzog,Chaim,The War of Atonement:October,1973[M],Boston:Little,Brown and Company,1975
④Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira, Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782; Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems , Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788
⑤Hulme,Derick L.,Jr.,Palestinian Terrorism and U.S.Foreign Policy,1969-1977[M],New York:The Edwin Mellen Press,2004.
⑥Isaacson,Walter,Kissinger:a Biography[M],New York:Simon&Schuster,1992.
⑦Johnson,Lyndon Baines,The Vantage Point:Perspectives of the Presidency,1963-1969[M], New York:Hold,Rinehart and Winston,1971.
①Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira, Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782; Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems , Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788.
②Kaufman,Burton Ira,The Arab Middle East and the United States:Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy[M],New York,N.Y.:Twayne Publishers,1996.
①Burns,William J.,Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt,1955-1981,p.178.
②Kissinger,Herry,CRSIS:The Anatomy of Two Major Foreign Policy Crises,p.19
③Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1310-1311
④Kissinger,Herry,CRSIS:The Anatomy of Two Major Foreign Policy Crises,p.78.
⑤Egyptian statement of concern re reported US, MF0501743,The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East
①Open message from Sadat to President Nixon, MF0501743 The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 17,p.0792,Bell& Howell Informative and Learning.
②Egyptian third army:USG action, MF0501744,TheRichard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 18,p.0649,Bell& Howell Informative and Learning.
③Quandt,William B.,Peace Process:American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967,p.120.
④Quandt,William B.,Peace Process:American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967,p.127
②Burns,William J.,Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt,1955-1981,p.201.
①NSC information, our position on ceasefire in 1967, October 7,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
②Cairo to Kissinger, Arab/Israeli hostilities:who started it, October 7,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
③Moscow to Kissinger , Soviet activities on eve of ME outbreak , October 9,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
④ME task force situation report No14 -15, October 9,1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
⑤Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, p 1267
⑥Middle East Journal, XXVII (Autumn 1973): 534.
⑦Middle East Journal, XXVII (Autumn 1973): 534.
①Kissinger,Years of Upheaval,Boston:Little,Brown,1982,p.576.
②Brent Scowcroft , Dinitz(Israel) and Kissinger telcon, October 24,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 136 Middle East.
③Kissinger’s news conference of October 25,1973, in Department of State Bulletin, November 12, 1973; CBS Report ,“The Mysterious Alert ,”January 17, 1974, Presidential Documents, October 29, 1973.
④Kissinger talking points for meeting with General Walters:Palestinians, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 139 Middle East, October 26, 1973
①Kissinger talking points for meeting with General Walters:Palestinians, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 139 Middle East, October 26, 1973
②Janice Stein,Flawed Strategies and Missed Signals:Crisis Bargaining between the Superpowers,October 1973,in the Middle East and the United States,edited by David W.Lesch,New York:West view Press,1996,p.219.书名斜体
③Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger10/6/73 Prime minister's address about initiation of hostilities 2secret 173/3/29
①NSC meeting on the Middle East , October 15,1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 174 Middle East.
②Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger, Israellis begin political assessment for war, Octorber 7, 1973 , secret , National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East.
①Secretary's Staff Meeting, Friday, October 19, 1973, 12:35 p.m. Secret, Minutes, Kissinger Transcripts, KT00858
②Strategy for Middle East peace settlement, MF0501752 The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 26,p.0630,Bell&Howell Informative and Learning.
①Jidda to Kissinger December 18, 1973, meessage to King Feisal , secret National Archives, Record Group 180
②Memoradum of conversation 1/14/74 Kissinger and Egypt, January 14,1974, top secret , National Archives, Record Group 133.
①Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1306-1307.
②Memoradum of conversation 1/14/74 Kissinger and Egypt, January 14,1974, top secret , National Archives, Record Group 133.
③Message from Prime Minister Meir(Israel)to Sadat January18, 1974 secret ,National Archives, Record Group 136
④Damascus(Syria)to Kissinger , Syria position on Geneva, January 19,1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 631.
①Message from the Secretary to President Assad, MF0501747,The Richard M.Nixon National Security Files,Middle East Negotiations,1969-1974,Reel 21, p.537,Bell&Howell Informative and Learning.
②Kissinger to Nixon, your meeting with Prime Minister Meir, top secret, National Archives, Record Group 136, May2,1974
③Agreement on disngagement between Israeli and Syrian forces May31,1974, secret , National Archives, Record Group 136.
①Kissinger, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982,P36.
②Arab World Files,No.243,2 April, 1975
③Kissinger, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp374-369.
①Arab World Files, No.243,2 April, 1973.
②NSC information, February 2, 1973 Iranian oil situation , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137
③NSC information, February 2, 1973 Iranian oil situation , secret , National Archives, Record Group 137
④以上数据来自:安维华,钱雪梅:《海湾石油新论》,社会科学文献出版社2000年
①Memorandum of conversation Kissinger/Saudi minster Saqqaf/ Akins, November 8,1973, top secret, Exclusively Eyes Only, National Archives, Record Group 176
②Nixon to King Faisal , National Archives, Record Group 163, December 3, 1973
③Jidda to Kissinger, Saudi reactions to president Nixon's letter to King Faisal ,secret, National Archives, Record Group 630, December 9, 1973
④Memorandum of conversation Kissinger/Saudi minster Saqqaf/ Akins, top secret, Exclusively Eyes Only, National Archives, Record Group 176
⑤[美]J.斯帕尼尔:《第二次世界大战后美国的外交政策》,商务印书馆1992年,第211页。
①Jidda to Kissinger, meessage to King Feisal, National Archives, Record Group 180
②Jidda to Kissinger ,Saudi King decides to lift oil boycott , December 18, 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 630
③Jidda to Kissinger December28,1973, Letter from president Nixon to King Faisal ,secret National Archives, Record
①Robert L. Pfaltzgraff Energy Issues and Alliance Relationships: The United States,Western Europe and Japan, Cambridge, Mass Washington D.C.: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc, Henry A Kissinger Years of Up heavalBoston: Little,Brown,1982.
②Edward F. Shaffer, The Oil Import Program of the United States, New York: Praeger, 1968.
③Brend Scowcroft to Nixon 11/9/73 kissinger's meeting with King Faisail, November 9, 1973, top secret , National Archives, DSC00161
②. Saudi prince to Kissinger, secret , DSC00205
③Joan Edelman Spero and Jeffrey A.Hart,ed.,The Politics of International Economic Relations,5th New York: St.Martin's Press,1997,p.263.
①Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting ,secret National Archives, Record Group 133
②Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting ,secret National Archives, Record Group 133
③Central Intelligence Bulletin March14,1974 , top secret National Archives, cia files
④Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting 1secret National Archives, Record Group 133
①Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting 1secret National Archives, Record Group 133
②Cairo to Kissinger March11,1974 Arab oil ministers meeting 1secret National Archives, Record Group 133
①Halliday, Arabia Without Sultons,P.137.
②Nthony Cordesman,The Gulf and the Search for Strategic Stability,Boulder, Colo.:Westview Press,1984,PP.127-128;John R Miglietta,American Alliance Policy in the Middle East,1945-1992,P212; WilliamB.Quandt.Saud Arabia in the1980s:Foreign Policy, Security and Oil,Washington,D.C.,The Brookings In stitution Press,1981, p.52
③Dankwart A Rostow,Oil and Turmoil,P199.
④资中筠;《战后美国外交史》,世界知识出版社1994年版,第490页.
①赵伟明;《中东问题与美国中东政策》,时事出版社2006年5月版,第134页.
②US intelligence analysis and the oil issue 1973-1977 staff report of the senate select committee on intelligence 95th congress 2st session8, CIA files .
③US intelligence analysis and the oil issue 1973-1977 staff report of the senate select committee on intelligence 95th congress 2st session8 , CIA files.
①US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential, National Archives, Record Group630
②US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential, National Archives, Record Group630
③New York Times,Feb.24.1974.
④Barry Rubin,Paved with“Paved with Good Intentions:The American Experience and Iran.PP.113-121.迈克尔?V.多伊尔:《福特言论集》(中译本),上海人民出版社,1975,第217、218页。
①Tel 345 to Jedda File destroyed, 12 October, 1973, Heath issues warning of need to avoid imperiling oil supplies. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
②Tel 2081 to Washington SMG6/1, 15 October,1973, Message from Heath to Nixon expressing concern about oil supply and prices. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③Jedda tel 492 MWE2/12, 16 October,1973, Reports Saudi threat to cut back oil production, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV Minute: J A Thomson to Parsons, File destroyed, 16 October, Confirms US assurances that Israel would not be re-supplied from the UK. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
④Tel 351 to Jedda NB 12/5, 16 October, 1973, Responds to Saudi oil warning in No. 296, and poins out risk of alienating Western Europe. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
⑤Minnute: Cable to J O Wright, MWE 2/12, 2 November,1973, Cautions against differences with EC partners over oil. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
⑥《基辛氏当代文献》1974年第262页
①Jidda to Kissinger December 12,1974, Yamani's view on oil price, National Archives, Record Group secret 630
②US-Saudi Economic Issues and Their Relationship to US Economic Policy Toward Europe: Future significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , May9, 1973, confidential, National Archives, Record Group630
③U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p70
④U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p72
⑤U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p74。
⑥U.N., World Energy Supply, (1970-1973), p75
⑦Secretary Kissinger's Visit to Tokyo Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 22, 1973, , National Archives ,Kissinger files
①The Christian Science Monitor ,Octorber 23, 1973
②The Christian Science Monitor ,Octorber 26, 1973
③The Christian Science Monitor ,Octorber 11, 1973
④Rome to Kissinger October27,1973, Saudi warning to European community secret, National Archives, Record Group 174
⑤J.N. Moore ed., The Arab-Israeli Conflict, 3 vols, Princeton University Press 1974,p1146
①Letter: Sohm to Heath ME 12/304/1 9January, 1974, Covers invitation to Energy Conference and Letter to OPEC letter to OPEC leaders regarding this. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV埃及《金字塔报》1974年3月11日
②Letter: Sohm to Heath ME 12/304/1 9January, 1974, Covers invitation to Energy Conference and Letter to OPEC letter to OPEC leaders regarding this. Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③亨利·基辛格:《动乱年代》,中译本,世界知识出版社1983年版,第124页。
④安瓦尔·萨达特:《我的一生-对个性的探讨》,中译本,商务印书馆1980年版,第232.
⑤UKREP Brussels tel 168 ME 12/304/1 January 11,1974, Reperts COREPER discussion of Energy Conference, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
①Paris tel 40 ME 12/304/1 January 11,1974 Summarises French reservations regarding proposed Energy Conference, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
②Washington tel 478 ME 12/304/1, Feburary 6, 1974, Reports Kissinger’s speech disclaiming any intention of staging confrontation with oil producing nations, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③Washington tel 478 ME 12/304/1, Feburary 6, 1974, Reports Kissinger’s speech disclaiming any intention of staging confrontation with oil producing nations, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
④A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
①穆罕默德·海卡尔《通向十月战争之路》,中译本,上海译文出版社1076年版,第131页。
②A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
①A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
②Paris tel 185 ME12/304/1 9Feburary, 1974, Analyses French approach to the Energy Conference, Documents on British Policy Overseas, SeriesIII, VolumeIV
③Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential National Archives, Cia files
①A brief book for the Washington Energy Conference, February11,1974 , secret, National Archives, Cia files
②Peter R.Odell,Oil and World Power,5th edition,New York:Penguim,1979,p.43
③John M.Blair,The Control of Oil,New York:Pantheon Books,1978,pp.182-183.
①Louis turner,Oil Companies in the International System,London:Allen&Unwin,1978,
②Benjamin Shwadran,Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973,Boulder and London:West view Press,1986,p.17.
③Robert O.Keohane:After Hegemony:Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy,Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press,1984,p.224.
④Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential National Archives, Cia files
⑤Benson Grayson,Saudi-American Relations,Washington D.C.:University Press of America,1982,p.113.
⑥Irvine H.Anderson,Aramco,The United States and Saudi Arabia:A Study in the Dynamics of Oil Policy,1933–1950,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1981,pp.188-189.
①Clark,John G.The Political Economy of World Energy:A Twentieth-Century Perspective. New York:Harvester Wheatsheaf,1990.
②Significance of Saudi oil- US and allied demand , December 9, 1974, confidential National Archives, Cia files
③Economic Intelligence Statistical Handbook 1974 July, 1974 , confidential National Archives, Cia files
④Hufbauer,Gary Clyde,ed.Economic Sanctions Reconsidered:History and Current Policy. Washington,D.C.:Institute for International Economics,1990.
⑤Hufbauer,Gary Clyde,ed.Economic Sanctions Reconsidered:History and Current Policy. Washington,D.C.:Institute for International Economics,1990.
①Abir Author,Oil,Power and Politics:Conflict in Arabia,the Red Sea&the Gulf,London:Frank Cass,1974,p.32.
②Robert G.Darius,Gulf Security in the 1980s,Hoover Iinstitute Press,1981,p.99.
③Hoslein Amirsadeghi,The Security of The Persian Gulf,New York:St.Martin's Press,1981,p74..
④Steven A.Schneider,The Oil Price Revolution,Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1983,p.165.
⑤Michael Tanzer,The Energy Crisis:World Struggle for Power and Wealth,New York:Monthly Review Press, 1974.p.28.
⑥Edward W.Chester,United States Oil Policy and Diplomacy:A Twentieth Century Overview,Westport,Conn: Greenwood Press,1983,p.47.
⑦Benjamin Shwadran,Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973,Boulder and London:Westview Press,1986,p.20.
⑧Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983,P25.
①Daniel Badger, and Robert Belgrave, Oil Supply and Price: What Went Right in 1980? London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1982,p.693.
②Daniel Badger, and Robert Belgrave, Oil Supply and Price: What Went Right in 1980? London: royal Institute of International Affairs, 1982. p.695.
③Foreign Policy Research Institute,Oil Diplomacy:The Atlantic Nations in The Oil Crisis of 1978-79, Philadelphia,1980,p.76.
④Steven A. Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983,p.440.
⑤Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983,p.32.
⑥Foreign Policy Research Institute,p.74
⑦Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983p.31.
①Foreign Policy Research Institute,p.74.
②Steven A. Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983,p.441
③Robert J. Lieber,.Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983,p.31.
④Steven A. Schneider, The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
⑤Jimmy Carter, Sitution in Iran and Soviet Invasion of Afquanistan Remarks at a White House Briefing for Members of Congress, January 8, 1980, the American Presidency Preoject, National Archives
①兹比格涅夫·布热津斯基著:《实力与原则》,世界知识出版社,1985年版,第454页。
①WSAG meeting.Octorber8, 1973, status of oil contingency study , secret, National Archives, Record Group 129
②Executive Order 11743. October 23, 1973, in Weekly Complication of Presidential Documents, 1973, p.1273
③Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1974, pp. 35
①Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Lebanon and ME hostilities, October 8 1973, secret, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 8, 1973; Tel Aviv(Israel) to Kissinger , Israeli ammunition needs, National Archives, Record Group 173 Middle East, Octorber 9, 1973
②NSC meeting on the Middle East , National Archives, Record Group 174 Middle East, Octorber 15, 1973
③“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
④“The Energy Emergency: The President’s Address to the Nation Outlining Steps to Deal with the Emergency. November 7, 1973.”Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1973, pp. 1312-1318;Presidential paper, Richard Nixon 323, November 7, 1973, Address to the Nation About Policies To Deal With the Energy Shortages.
①Memoradum of conversation, Middle East development , December 28.1973, secret , National Archives, Record Group 133 Middle East
②Newsweek, February 18, 1974
③Time, December 17,1973
④New York Times, December 25,1973
①Briefing memorandum 15 February 1974 visit to Washington of Foreign Minister Fahmy and Saqqaf:suggested strategy 3top secret, National Archives, Group 133
1、美国国家档案馆(National Archives and Records Administration ) ·尼克松政府时期档案(2007年9月28解密) ·Kissinger Office Files Series Descriptions ·中央情报局:检索1973-1974年石油危机,共有文件265份Central Intelligence Bulletin ·通过AAD来查找在线数据库中的电子资源。1973-1975关于1973-1974石油危机的美国大使馆的电报(Telegram)共4490多份。http://aad.archives.gov/aad/
2、美国能源署(Department of Energy) http://www.energy.gov/index.htm
3、美国能源信息部(Energy Information Administration) 提供了1973年石油危机期间的相关数据和为纪念1973-1974年石油禁运25周年的相关专题http://www.eia.doe.gov/l
4、中央情报局官方网站(FOIA)解密文件https://www.cia.gov/ Central Intelligence Bulletin
5、国务院官方网站(FOIA)提供的解密文件http://foia.state.gov/SearchColls/CollsSearch.asp
·“Kissinger Transcripts”专题。Telephone conversations
·《美国对外关系》(Foreign Relations of the United States), U.S. Department of State FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XVIII, Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1964-67, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2000. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xviii/index.html FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XXI, Near East Region, Arabian Peninsula, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2001. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxi/index.html FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XXII, Iran, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2001. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxii/index.html FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2004. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xix/ FRUS 1964-1968, Volume XX, Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1967-68, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2001. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xx/ FRUS 1969-1976, Volume XII, Soviet Union, January 1969-October 1970, United States GovernmentPrinting Office , Washington, 2006. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xii/index.htm FRUS 1969-1976, Volume XIV, Soviet Union, October 1971-May 1972, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2006. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/xiv/index.htm FRUS 1969-1976, Volume E-4, Documents on Iran and Iraq, 1969-1972, United States Government Printing Office , Washington, 2006. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e4/index.htm
6、尼克松图书馆:http://www.nixonfoundation.org/index.shtml http://nixon.archive.gov/index.php Kissinger Office Files Series Descriptions: http://nixon.archives.gov/forresearchers/find/textual/kissingerdesc.php 约翰逊图书馆:http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/
7、美国总统公开文件(Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, U.S. Government Public Office, Washington D.C.) 1973-1974年有关石油问题的公开文件: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php
8、Digital National Security Archive http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/home.do ·检索1973-1974年石油危机,共有文件103份·专题“The Kissinger Transcripts: A Verbatim Record of U.S. Diplomacy, 1969–1977”,共有PDF文件700余份。
1. Iranian Oil Crisis :Limited Official Use, Memorandum of Conversation State, January 30, 1973, 4 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00807
2. [Discussion with Simcha Dinitz of Egyptian Position on Middle East Conflict; Includes Summary of Exchanges with Hafiz Ismail] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, April 11, 1973, 8 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00698
3. [Discussion with Michel Jobert in Paris] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, May 22, 1973, 17 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00736
4. [Discussion with Abba Eban and Simcha Dinitz] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, August 17, 1973, 8 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00797
5. [Ten Questions on the Oil Crisis and Oil Embargo] Confidential, Memorandum, September 19, 1973, 3 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00833
6. Today's Meeting with Oil Company Chiefs Confidential, Memorandum, October 26, 1973, 18 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00838
7. Secretary's Staff Meeting, Friday, October 26, 1973--3:15 p.m. Secret, Minutes, October 26, 1973, 35 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00871
8. Implications of Oil Crisis for Japan's Domestic and International Economic Policies Secret,Memorandum of Conversation, November 14, 1973, 8 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01829
9. Press Accounts of Secretary Kissinger's Visit to Tokyo Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 22, 1973, 6 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00919
10. Meeting in Sec[retary] Kissinger's Office with Walter Levy Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 26, 1973, 7 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00923
11. Bipartisan Leadership Meeting Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, November 27, 1973, 9 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00926
12. Record of Conversation between the Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary and the U.S. Secretary of State, Dr. Henry Kissinger, at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office at 10:30 a.m. on Wednesday, 12 December 1973 Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 12, 1973, 22 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00948
13. The Secretary's Call on General Franco Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 18, 1973, 5 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00964
14. Secretary's Conversation with Foreign Minister Jobert Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 19, 1973, 12 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00966
15. [Meeting with President Pompidou] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 20, 1973, 9 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00968
16. Secretary's Staff Meeting, Wednesday, December 26, 1973, 3:10 p.m. Secret, Minutes, December
26, 1973, 13 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00973
17. Middle East Disengagement; Washington Energy Conference Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, January 20, 1974, 14 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01006
18. De Segonzac Luncheon Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, January 23, 1974, 5 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01009
19. The Economic Impact of the Oil Price Increase Confidential, Report, January 24, 1974, 7 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01847
20. [Talk with Kurt Waldheim on Oil Crisis, Energy Policy, and Middle East] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, January 27, 1974, 11 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01012
21. Energy Conference Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 10, 1974, 13 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01026
22. The EC and Energy; the Middle East; Berlin; U.S.-European Relations; SALT Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 26, 1974, 19 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01035
23. [Evening Discussion with Syrian Foreign Minister; Incorrect Date of February 25, 1974 on Document] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 26, 1974, 7 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01037
24. Strategies for the Oil Crisis and the Scenario for September 28 Meeting Secret, Briefing Memorandum,September 21, 1974, 8 pp. Iran Revolution, IR00893
25. [Meeting with Jewish Leaders on Middle East Peace Process and U.S. Policy toward Israel;Includes List of Attendees] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, October 7, 1974, 10 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01356
26. Issues/Talking Points: Middle East Secret, Briefing Paper, November 1974, 4 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01893
27. Issues/Talking Points: The Global Energy Situation Confidential, Briefing Paper, November 1974, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01896
28. National Security and U.S. Energy Policy Secret, National Security Study Memorandum, March 8, 1973, 2 pp. Presidential Directives, Part II, PR01176
29. Meeting with Chancellor Willy Brandt of the Federal Republic of Germany on Tuesday, May 1, 1973 at 10:45 a.m. to 12:25 p.m. Secret, Memorandum for Record, May 1, 1973, 3 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00710
30. Record of Conversation between the Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary and Dr. Henry Kissinger at 3:00 p.m. on Thursday 10 May at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, May 10, 1973, 9 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00719
31. Dr. Kissinger's Cabinet Briefing Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, May 25, 1973, 4 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00738
32. Agenda for ECONCOM IX Confidential, Cable, June 1, 1973, 7 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01736
33. Nixon/Tanaka Summit Background Paper VI: Energy Confidential, Cable, June 28, 1973, 6 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01748
34. Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka's Visit: The Question of Focus Secret, Memorandum, June 30, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00057
35. Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka's Visit: The Question of Focus Secret, Memorandum, June 30, 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00058
36. Energy Secret, Briefing Paper, July 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01766
37. Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka's Visit: A Proposed Focus Secret, Action Memorandum, July 5, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00059
38. Your Meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka and Foreign Minister Ohira Secret, Memorandum, July 26, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01782
39. U.S.-Japan Cooperation on Multilateral Problems of Mutual Concern Secret, Report, July 27, 1973, 17 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00064
40. Visit of Prime Minister Tanaka: Energy Problems Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, July 31, 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01788
41. Second Meeting between the President and Prime Minister: (1) U.S.-Japan Trade Balance; (2) Korea--Security; (3) Korea--U.N.; (4) Korea--Recognition of North and South; (5) Southeast Asia; (6) USSR and PRC and Rimlands of Asia; (7) U.S.-PRC Relations; (8) Energy; (9) U.S.-Japan Consultative Organs; (10) U.S.-Japan Mutual Security Treaty; and (11) U.S.-Japan Joint Development, Siberia Secret,Memorandum of Conversation, August 1, 1973, 13 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01792
42. [Discussion with Abba Eban and Simcha Dinitz] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, August 17, 1973, 8 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00797
43. U.S.-Japan Security Relations Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, September 17, 1973, 4 pp.
44. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00066
45. [Meeting of William Clements and Defense Minister Yamanaka on September 16, 1973] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, September 17, 1973, 8 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00067
46. [Meeting of William Clements with Fumihiko Togo and Masayoshi Ohira in Tokyo, September
16, 1973] Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, September 17, 1973, 8 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00068
47. Secretary Clements' Co[n]versation with Minister Yamanaka Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, September 26, 1973, 6 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1977-1992, JA00071
48. Secretary Kissinger's Participation in the East Asia Chiefs of Mission Conference Confidential, Briefing Paper, October 1973, 44 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01809
49. Middle East Top Secret, Minutes, October 17, 1973, 12 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00854
50. Secretary's Staff Meeting, Friday, October 19, 1973, 12:35 p.m. Secret, Minutes, October 19, 1973, 33 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00858
51. Meeting with Oil Company Executives Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, October 26, 1973, 14 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00872
52. [Meeting with Zhou Enlai] Top Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 12, 1973, 29 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00901
53. Your Meeting with Yasuhiro Nakasone, Minister of International Trade and Industry (MITI) Confidential, Memorandum, November 14, 1973, 2 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01826
54. U.S.-European Relations Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, November 28, 1973, 37 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00928
55. U.S. and Japanese Approach to Current Energy and Economic Issues Confidential, Memorandum of Conversation, December 10, 1973, 3 pp. Japan and the U.S., 1960-1976, JU01842
56. Secretary's Conversation with British Officials at Mildenhall Air Force Base: Energy Action Group Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, December 22, 1973, 3 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT00972
57. The State of U.S.-Australian Relations at the Departure of the Australian Ambassador Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, January 30, 1974, 13 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01015
58. [State Department Staff Meeting; Attached to Decision Memorandum Dated February 4, 1974] Secret, Minutes, January 31, 1974, 47 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01017
59. Washington Energy Conference Secret, Memorandum of Conversation, February 9, 1974, 7 pp. Kissinger Transcripts, KT01025 9国家安全档案The National Security ArchiveThe October War and U.S. Policy http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB98/index.htm The Kissinger Transcripts: A Verbatim Record of U.S. Diplomacy:including The October War and relations with the Arab states, Japan, and Western Europe during the 1973-1974 oil crisis http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB193/index.htm A SECONDARY AFFAIR:AMERICAN ECONOMIC FOREIGN POLICY AND JAPAN,1952-1968 Working Paper No. 9 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/barnhartwp.html Japan's Foreign Economic Policy and Relations with the United States, 1969-1977:Change in Japan - A Comparison of Japan's Response to International Monetary Crisis in 1971 and 1973 Working Paper No. 3 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/ando.htm The Nixon `Shocks' And U.S. - Japan Strategic Relations,1969-74Working Paper No. 2Michael Schaller The University of Arizona http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/schaller.htm U.S. Foreign Economic Policy and Relations with Japan,1969-1976 Thomas W. Zeiler The University of Colorado Working Paper No. 1 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/zeiler.htm REPORT ON JAPANESE ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM AND REMARKS BY NOBORU HOSHUYAMA FORMER JAPANESE DEFENSE AGENCY OFFICIAL ON U.S.-JAPAN DEFENSE COOPERATION http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/shocks.htm Hisahiko Okazaki Oral History Interview Conducted by Akihiro Tanaka (University of Tokyo)Makoto Iokibe and Koji Murata December 18, 1995 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/okazakiohinterview.htm Bunroku Yoshino Oral History Interview Conducted by Akihiko Tanaka (University of Tokyo)June 30, 1997 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/yoshinoohinterview.htm Takashi Maruyama Oral History Interview Conducted by Akihiko Tanaka (University of Tokyo) and Koji Murata April 12, 1996 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/maruyamaohinterview.htm Yusuku Kashiwagi Oral History Interview Conducted by Makoto Iokibe, Masayuki Tadokoro (National Defense University, Japan)and Yoshiko Kojo (University of Tokyo) February 29, 1996 http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/kashiwagiohinterview.htm
10解密文件系统Declassified Documents Reference System. ·http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/DDRS;jsessionid=8D687C7F858EA16FFA507A65C2F11619·locID=wash74137
11美国福特基金会有相关能源研究报告20份http://www.fordfound.org/archives/subject/energy
12 Miller Center http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/presidentialrecordings/可以找到尼克松总统的电话录音和文本记录。
13 ArchiveGrid http://archivegrid.org/web/index.jsp
14美国科学家联盟(Federation of American Scientists) http://www.fas.org/index.html
15主要的报纸杂志: New York Times, Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, Petroleum Economist, Christian Science Monitor, the London Financial Times, Middle East Economic Digest, Middle East Journal
Foreign& Commonwealth Office (FCO):英国海外文件集中有关于能源危机的专题共有文件568份Documents on British Policy Oversea (DBPO) Series The Year of Europe: America, Europe and Energy Crisis, 1972-1974
1. Anderson, Irvine H. , Aramco, The United States and Saudi Arabia: A Study in the Dynamics of Oil Policy, 1933–1950, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
2. Alan, Dowty. Berkeley, Middle East Crisis: U.S. Decision-Making in 1958, 1970 and 1973, University of California Press, 1984
3. Aaron, David Miller, Search for Security: Saudi Arabian Oil and America Foreign Policy, 1939-1949, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1980.
4. Arthurjay, Klinghoffer, The Soviet Union and International Politics, New York: Columbia University Press,1977.
5. Anthony, Sampson, The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Shaped, New York: The Viking Press, 1975
6. Adelman, M A. , The World Petroleum Market, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.
7. Abbas, Alnasrawi, Arab Nationalism, Oil, and the Political Economy of Dependency, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
8. Abir, Author, Oil, Power and Politics: Conflict in Arabia, the Red Sea & the Gulf, London: Frank Cass,1974.
9. AlRoy, Gil Carl, The Kissinger Experience: American Policy in the Middle East, New York:Horizon Press, 1975.
10. Amirsadeghi, Hoslein , The Security of The Persian Gulf, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1981.
11. Ahrari, Mohammed E. , OPEC-the Failing Giant, The University Press of Kentucky, 1986.
12. Bassiouni, M. Cherif, Documents on the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Emergence of Conflict in Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Wars and Peace Process, New York: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 2005.
13. Boyne, Walter J., The Two O'clock War: the 1973 Yom Kippur Conflict and the Airlift That Saved Israel, New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2002.
14. Badger, Daniel, and Belgrave, Robert, Oil Supply and Price: What Went Right in 1980? London: royal Institute of International Affairs, 1982.
15. Bohi, Douglas R. and W. David Montgomery, Oil Prices, Energy Security, and Import Policy, Washington, D.C.:Distributed by the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.
16. Benson, Grayson, Saudi-American Relations, Washington D.C.: University Press of America, 1982.
17. Benjamin, Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Power, 3rd ed., Rev. J Jerusalem, 1973
18. Benjamin, Shwadran, Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973, Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1986.
19. Bohi, Doughlas R. , Milton, Russell, U.S. Energy Policy: Alternatives for Security, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1975.
20. Bromley, Simon, American Hegemony and World Oil: The Industry, The State System, and The World Economy, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.
21. Blair,John M., The Control of Oil, New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
22. Bucknell, Howard , Energy and The National Defense, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1981.
23. Conant, Melvin A. and Racine, Fern Gold, The Geopolitics of Energy, Boulder: Westview Press, 1978.
24. Christopher , Tugendhat and Adrian, Hamilton, Oil, the Biggest Business, London: Eyre Methuen, 1975.
25. Choucri, Nazli, International Politics of Energy Interdependence: The Case of Petroleum, Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1976, p.31.
26. Chester, Edward W., United States Oil Policy and Diplomacy: A Twentieth Century Overview, Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1983.
27. Deese, David A. , Nye, Joseph S. eds., Energy and Security, Cambridge, Mass,Ballinger Pub. Co.1981.
28. David, Howard Davis. Energy politics, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982
29. Darius, Robert G., Gulf Security in the 1980s, Hoover Iinstitute Press, 1981.
30. Edelman Spero, Joan and Hart, Jeffrey A. , ed., The Politics of International Economic Relations, 5th New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.
31. Fried, Edward R. and Trezise,Philip H., Oil Security: Retrospect and Prospect, Washington, D.C.:Brookings Institution,1993.
32. Gregory, Treverton. Farnborough, Hampshire edited, Energy and Security, Published for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, by Gower, 1980
33. Ghanayem, Ishaq I. & Alden H. Voth, The Kissinger legacy: American-Middle East policy, New York: Praeger, 1984.
34. Golan, Matti, The Secret Conversations of Henry Kissinger: Step-by-Step Diplomacy in the Middle East, New York: Bantam Books Inc., 1976.
35. Goldberg, Jacob et.al., The Soviet-American Competition in the Middle East, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1988.
36. Griffin, James M. , Steele, Henry B. , Energy Economics and Policy, New York: Academic Press, 1980.
37. Green, Stephen, Living by the Sword: America and Israel in the Middle East 1968-87, Brattleboro, VT: Amana Books, 1988.
38. Hahn, Peter L., Crisis and Crossfire: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945, Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc., 2005.
39. Hamilton, Charles W. , American and Oil in the Middle East, Gulf Publishing Company,1962.
40. Hoskins, Halford L., Middle East Oil in U.S. Foreign Policy, Westport, Conn.: Hyperion Press, 1976.
41. Hunter, Robert E., The Energy Crisis and U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Foreign Policy Association, Inc.1973.
42. Jenkins, Gilbert, Oil Economists Handbook, London: Applied Science Publishers, 1977.
43. Krueger, Robert B. , The United States and International Oil, New York: Praeger, 1975
44. Kaufman, Burton Ira, The Arab Middle East and the United States: Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy, New York, N.Y.: Twayne Publishers, 1996.
45. Kissinger, Henry, The Kissinger Transcript: the Top Secret Talks with Beijing and Moscow, New York: New Press, 1999.
46. Kissinger, Herry, Crisis: The Anatomy of Two Major Foreign Policy Crisis: Based on the Record of Henrry Kissinger’s Hitherto Secret Telephone Conversations, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003.
47. Kissinger, Henry, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982.
48. Kriesberg, Louis, International Conflicts Resolution: the U.S.-USSR and Middle East Cases, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
49. Kalb, Marvin and Kalb, Bernard , Kissinger, Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.
50. Keohane, Robert O. , After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, 1984.
51. Karlsson, Svante, Oil and the World Order: American Foreign Oil Policy, Leamington Spa: Berg, 1986.
52. Klebanoff, Shoshana, Middle East Oil and U.S. Foreign Policy: With Special Reference to the U.S. Energy Crisis, Praeger Publisher, 1974.
53. Kannan, Narasimhan P. , Energy, Economic Growth, and Equity in the United States, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1979.
54. Litwak, Robert S., Détente and The Nixon Doctrine: American Foreign Policy and the pursuit of stability, 1969-1976, London: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
55. Lenczowski, Goerge, Middle East Oil in a Revolutionary Age, Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute,1976.
56. Lieber, Robert J. , The Oil Decade, New York: Praeger, 1983
57. Levy, Walter J. , Oil Strategy and Politics 1941-1981, Boulder: Westview Press, 1982.
58. Merklein, Helmut A. , W. Carey Hardy. Houston, Energy economics, Tex.: Gulf Pub.Co., Book Division, 1977.
59. Meir, Golda, My Life: The Autobiography of Golda Meir, London: Futura, 1976.
60. Miglietta, John P., American Alliance Policy in the Middle East, 1945-1992: Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2002.
61. Mikdashi, Zuhayr, The Community of Oil Exporting Countries, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1972
62. Morris, Ellis Fitch, Superpower Indirect Conflict: the 1973 October War, Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1981.
63. Manning, Robert A., The Asian Energy Factor: Myth and Dilemmas Energy Security and the Pacific Future, New York: Palgrave, 2000.
64. Neff, Donald, Warriors Against Israe: America Comes to the Rescue in 1973, Brattleboro, Vt.: Amana Books, 1988.
65. Nash, Gerald D., U.S. Oil Policy, 1890–1964: Business and Government in Twentieth Century America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1968,
66. Odell, Peter R., Oil and World Power, 5th edition, New York: Penguim, 1979.
67. O’Connor, Harvey, The Empire of Oil, Monthly Review Press, 1955.
68. Painter, David, Oil and the American Century: The Political Economy of US Foreign Policy, 1941-1954, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
69. Paust, Jordan J. and Blaustein, Albert P. ed., The Arab Oil Weapon, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications,1977
70. Parker, Richard Bordeaux, The October War: a Retrospective, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2001.
71. Quandt, William B., Decade of Decisions: American Policy Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1967-1976, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
72. Quandt, William B., Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2005.
73. Rouhanc, Fuad, A History of OPEC, New York: Praeger, 1971
74. Romm, Joseph J., Defining National Security: The Nonmilitary Aspects, New York:Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1993.
75. Rifai, Taki, The Pricing for Crude Oil, New York: Praeger, 1975
76. Rabinovich, Itamar & Haim Shaked, From June to October: the Middle East between 1967 and 1973, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1978.
77. Rosenbaum, Walter A. , Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2nd Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc1987.
78. Rosenbaum, Walter A. , Energy, Politics, and Public Policy, 2nd Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc1987.
79. Schneider, Steven A., The Oil Price Revolution, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983
80. Stork, ,Joe, Middle East Oil and the Energy Crisis, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
81. Szyliowicz, Joseph S., O’Neill, Bard E. , eds., The Energy crisis and U.S. foreign policy, New York: Praeger, 1975.
82. Sayigh, Yezid, Shlaim, Avi, The Cold War and the Middle East, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1997.
83. Stocking,George W., Middle East Oil: A Study in Political and Economic Controversy, Vanderbilt University Press
84. Shoshana, Klebanoff., Middle East oil and U.S. Foreign Policy: With Special Reference to the U.S. Energy Crisis. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1974.
85. Sheikh, Rustum Ali, Saudi Arabia and Oil Diplomacy, New York: Praeger, 1976..
86. Sadat, Anwar & Raphael Israeli, The Public Diary of President Sadat, Leiden: Brill, 1978.
87. Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., The Dynamics of World Power: a Documentary History of United States Foreign Policy, 1945-1973, New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1973.
88. Sheehan, Edward R. F., The Arabs, Israelis, and Kissinger: A Secret History of American Diplomacy in the Middle East, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1976.
89. Thornto, Richard C., The Nixon-Kissinger Years: Reshaping America’s Foreign Policy, New York: Paragon House, 1989.
90. Turner, Louis, Oil Companies in the International System, 3rd ed., London: Royal Institute of International Affairs: George Allen & Unwin, 1983
91. Tanzer, Michael , The Energy Crisis: World Struggle for Power and Wealth, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974.
92. Wehling, Fred, Irresolute Princes: Kremlin Decision making in Middle East Crisis, 1967-1973, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
93. Weinbaum, Marvin G., Egypt and the Politics of U.S. Economic Aid, Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1986.
94. Wesselman, William D., U.S. Foreign Policy Decision-Making During the 1973 Arab-Israeli Conflict: Its Impact on Soviet-Egyptian Foreign Policy Relations, Maxwell AFB, AL, Air War College,1995.
95. Weisberg, Richard , the Politics of Crude Oil Pricing in the Middle East1970-1975, Berkley: Institute of International Studies, 1977.
96. Vietor, Richard H.K. . Energy Policy in America Since 1945: A Study of Business Government Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
97. Yager, Joseph A. and Steinberg, Eleanor B. , Energy and U.S. Foreign Policy, Cambridge, Mass: Ballinger, 1974.
98. Yergin, Daniel and Hillenbrand, Martin, ed., Global Insecurity: A Strategy for Energy and Economic Renewal, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1983.
99. Yergin, Daniel, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.此书国内有两个中文译本,其一是新华出版社1991版的《石油、金钱、权力》,另一本是由上海市政协翻译组翻译的《石油风云》,由上海译文出版社1992出版。
1. Aljuraid, Sulaiman Matel,“United States Foreign Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Nixon-Ford Years”, Ph.D., University of South Carolina, 1996, AAT 9637087
2. Anusiem, Emeka I.,“The Role of Egypt in the United States-Soviet Superpower Rivalry, 1945-1981”, Ph.D., Saint Mary's University (Canada), 1991, AAT MM67034
3. Al Swayed, Abdullah Mohammed,“The present and future of energy-based Saudi industrialization: A comparative advantage approach”Ph.D., Colorado State University, 1996, AAT 9719544
4. Altieri, Frank Armand,“Efficiency, dependency and the demand for oil”Ph.D., Fordham University, 1994, AAT 9425182
5. Baird, Gordon Lawrence,“The impact of higher oil prices on the economies of non-oil developing countries”Ph.D., University of California, Riverside, 1987, AAT 8808632
6. Bina,Cyrus,“The economics of oil crisis: the case study of the world oil crisis of 1973-1974”Ph.D., The American University, 1983, 224 pages; AAT 8324083
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11. Chow, Larry Chuen-ho,“Changes in the energy economy of Thailand, Hong Kong and South Korea, 1961-1975 and their implications”Ph.D., University of Kansas, 1982, AAT 8301718
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15. Fossum, John Erik,“Assessing state intervention: Federal oil policies, 1973-1984”Ph.D., The University of British Columbia (Canada), 1990, AAT NN64046
16. Ghorbani Sheikhneshin, Arsalan,“Great Power Intervention: A Study of United States Policy in the Egyptian-Israeli Conflicts (1956-1973)”, Ph.D., University of New South Wales (Australia), 1996, AAT 0597143
17. Ghanayem, Ishao Isa,“The Nixon-Kissinger Middle East Strategy, 1969-1974”, Ph.D., AAT 8027771, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1980.
18. Heiat, Nafisseh,“A supply-demand model for OPEC oil pricing policies”Ph.D., Portland State University, 1988, AAT 8827509
19. Kassis, Jihad Georges,“U.S. Foreign Policy-Making in Middle East Crisis: the 1973-1974 Oil Embargo”, Ph.D., University of Motre Dame, 1981 AAT 8118574
20. Li, Jian-Fa, Three essays on the estimations of price elasticity of demand in the United States cigarette industry and world crude oil market Ph.D., West Virginia University, 2003 AAT 3132954
21. Lee, Joonbeom,Emergency oil system and international cooperation Ph.D., University of Missouri - Columbia, 2001, AAT 3012994
22. Lester, Charles Frederick,The search for dialogue in the administrative state: The politics, policy, and law of offshore oil development Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1992, AAT 9304984
23. Macris, Jeffrey R“The Anglo-American gulf: Britain's departure and America's arrival in the Persian Gulf”,Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, 2007, AAT 3262374
24. Nyden, Michael N. J.,“Crisis in mass media? A study of validity, relevance and neutral presentation in four Swedish newspapers' reporting regarding the international oil companies as a cause for the 1973-1974 oil crisis”Fil.Dr., Uppsala Universitet (Sweden), 1988 AAT C091214
25. Nasseh, Alireza,“Energy price shocks, and short-run aggregate supply:the evidence from five industrialized countries”Ph.D., Michigan State University, 1982, AAT 8303833
26. Petrou, Linda Louise,“United States Foreign Policy Attitudes towards Soviet Participation in the Arab-Israeli Peace Process”, Ph.D., University of Maryland College Park, 1994, AAT 9526283
27. Portella, John L.,“oil politics and economics: history, theory and evidence, sixteenth-twentieth centuries”Ph.D., The American University, 1986, AAT 8802360
28. Riddlesperger, James Warren, JR.,“Energy policy management in the states”Ph.D., University of Missouri - Columbia, 1983, AAT 8406238
29. Ruthven, Carol Lynn,“Canadian Federalism and the regulation of oil: 1960-1985”Ph.D., Queen's University at Kingston (Canada), 1986; AAT NL32081
30. Reuven Hollo,“Oil and American Foreign Policy in the Persian Gulf(1947-1991)”, Ph.D., University of Texas, 1995, AAI9534807.
31. Tung, An-Chi“Taiwan's adjustment after the oil shocks (1973-1985)”Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1988, AAT 8916925
32. Stone, Susan Carol,“Dual dependence: Japanese policy toward the Middle East, 1973 to 1984”Ph.D., The George Washington University, 1985, AAT 9627687
33. Shoar-Ghaffari, Pirouz,“Iran in the New York Times and the Times, 1968-78: A Comparative study of the relations of press and national interest”Ph.D., Syracuse University, 1985, AAT 8524441
34. Shin, Eui Soon,“Impact of the 1973-1974 oil crisis and energy substitution in Korea”Ph.D., University of Washington, 1980, AAT 8026304
35. Schneider, Steven Alan,“International rivalries and the oil price revolution”Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, 1980, AAT 8113179
36. Sargent, Daniel Jonathan,“From internationalism to globalism: The United States and the transformation of international politics in the 1970s”Ph.D., Harvard University, 2008, AAT 3312511
37. Tidd, John Michael,“The development of Soviet interest in East-West energy cooperation in Europe, 1971-1981”Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, 1987, AAT 8807479
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