我国封闭式预付费消费监管制度研究
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摘要
当前我国预付费消费领域侵权多发、乱象横生,不仅严重损害消费者权益,不利于预付费消费的健康发展,甚至在更深远的意义上影响我国经济发展质量。本文选取这一贴近经济生活的主题,采用比较借鉴、案例分析、因果推演和制度构建等方法,循着界定概念、分析现状、找出问题最终提出完善建议的思路展开对仅有持卡消费者与发卡经营者两方当事人的封闭式预付费消费的深入研究,旨在通过理论认知推进我国封闭式预付费消费的长远、健康发展。
文章第一部分首先界定预付费消费的内涵,分析其特征、成因并描述我国预付费消费的现状,进而指出加强我国封闭式预付费消费监管的必要性。封闭式预付费消费界应定为:消费者在开始消费之前向经营者交付总价款,获得具有身份标识和余额记载功能的纸质或电子识别卡,凭卡在一定次数或期限内要求经营者按照约定价格或折扣提供商品或服务的一种新型消费方式。它是一种特殊的合同,风险完全有消费者承担,使用中有表现出比较明显的选择限定性。目前我国预付费消费令人担忧的现状主要表现为消费者对封闭式预付费消费存在认识误区、经营者存在种种行为偏差和预付费消费处于市场发展的初级阶段等,为保障消费者的各项权益和维持和谐稳定的市场秩序,我国有必要加强对封闭式预付费消费的监管力度。
文章第二部分就我国封闭式预付费消费监管中存在的诸多缺陷逐一展开论述。首先我国对封闭式预付费消费进行监管的法律依据不足,可用于直接指导监督实践的只有区区几个条款。行政监管缺乏有效性,没有针对我国封闭式预付费消费的特点采取相应的监管措施。行业协会尚未成型,消费者协会职能虚化,它们本应发挥的监督作用也受到了极大地限制。从最终结果上来说,监管不力的一个表现就是经营者违法成本低廉,不足以遏制其实施侵权违法行为发生。
文章第三部分在比较研究日本和我国台湾地区对封闭式预付费消费的监管制度之后,提出了完善我国封闭式预付费消费监管制度的几项制度构建的核心思想,具体包括封闭式预付费消费监管应有监管依据、封闭式预付费消费监管应有强有力的行政监管、封闭式预付费消费监管应注意发挥非政府组织的作用、封闭式预付费消费的监管应采取灵活多样的监管方式和封闭式预付费消费监管应有全面的监管内容等五个要点。
文章最后一部分是本文的重点,全面提出完善我国封闭式预付费消费监管制度的建议。完善我国封闭式预付费消费监管制度首先要分别确立基本法、专项管理办法和地方立法层面的监管依据。接下来要明确监管主体,建议采取行政主管机关监管为主,非政府机构监督为辅的监管模式。再次,要建立覆盖资质监管、合同监管、资金监管、营业监管和信用监管等五个方面的全方位监管措施。最后,提出具体的监管措施建议,实行预付资金收取计划和格式合同年度备案制度、预付资金银行专户存管、按比例使用制度、日常营业行政联合检查制度、企业信用管理和消费者维权播报制度、行业协会和消费者协会参与监督制度及封闭式预付费消费专项救助金制度等六项监管制度。
Current prepay consuming field infringement happens, the mess of wit and humour, not only seriously damages consumer rights, is not conducive to the healthy development of the prepay consuming and even more profound significance in influence on the economic development of our quality. This paper selects this close to the theme of economic life, using comparative reference, case analysis, causal derivation method and system construction, follow the define the concept, analyzes actuality, find out the problem finally improving Suggestions on the idea of consumers and business operators only platinum card of the two parties closed-end prepay consuming of thorough research, aimed at promoting through theoretical cognitive closed-end prepay consuming long-term and healthy development.
The first part of first defined prepay consuming connotation, analyzes its features, causes and describe the situation, our country prepay consuming and points out that strengthening our country closed-end prepay consuming the necessity of supervising. Closed-end prepay consuming bounded should start as: consumer spending to operators before delivery, with total price obtained identity tags and balance of the paper or electronic records function by card, identification card in a certain number or within the period prescribed require the operator or discount offer price of goods or services of a new way of purchasing. It is a special kind of contract, the risk is fully consumer undertake, the use of a show obvious choice finite. At present our country prepay consuming worrisome situation mainly for consumers of closed-end prepay consuming exist misunderstanding, operators there are kinds of behavior bias and prepay consuming in the primary stage of the development of the market for consumer protection, the rights and interests and maintaining the market order, harmonious stability of our country is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the closed-end prepay consuming.
In the second part of the closed-end prepay consuming regulatory many defects in discuss each. First of all our supervision of closed-end prepay consuming the legal basis is insufficient, can be used to direct the guidance and supervision practice by a few terms. Administrative supervision in China, no lack of effectiveness the characteristics of closed-end prepay consuming corresponding supervision measures. Industry association has not yet molding, consumer society function, they should play derived the supervision function was also greatly restricted. From the final results, it is an expression of regulation is slack to low cost, operators illegal curbing its illegal behavior occurrence. Implementation of infringement
Articles in the third part of the comparative study of Japan and Taiwan closed-end prepay consuming after the supervision system, puts forward the closed-end prepay consuming supervision system of several system construction, the core idea of specific including closed-end prepay consuming regulatory oversight basis, enclosed should prepay consuming supervision should have strong administrative supervision, closed-end prepay consuming supervision should pay attention to play the role, non-governmental organization supervision of the closed-end prepay consuming should adopt various flexible way of supervision and closed-end prepay consuming supervision should be comprehensive regulatory content and so on five points.
The last part is the focus on comprehensive paper proposed perfecting supervision system of closed-end prepay consuming suggestion. Perfect our enclosed prepay consuming regulatory system should first established the basic law, respectively special management measures and the local legislation level supervision basis. Next to clear regulatory body, it is advisable to take the administrative authority regulation, nongovernmental organizations supervision and supplemented by supervising mode. Again, to establish cover qualification supervision, contract supervision, fund supervision, business regulation and oversight of the credit in five aspects such as comprehensive regulatory measures. Finally, the author puts forward some measures, implement supervision charge imprest fund plans and format contract annual filing system, imprest fund bank account deposit tube, proportional use system, daily business administration joint inspection system, enterprise credit management and reporting system, consumers in consumers' association, industry associations and supervisory system and enclosed prepay consuming special aid system six supervision system.
文章第一部分首先界定预付费消费的内涵,分析其特征、成因并描述我国预付费消费的现状,进而指出加强我国封闭式预付费消费监管的必要性。封闭式预付费消费界应定为:消费者在开始消费之前向经营者交付总价款,获得具有身份标识和余额记载功能的纸质或电子识别卡,凭卡在一定次数或期限内要求经营者按照约定价格或折扣提供商品或服务的一种新型消费方式。它是一种特殊的合同,风险完全有消费者承担,使用中有表现出比较明显的选择限定性。目前我国预付费消费令人担忧的现状主要表现为消费者对封闭式预付费消费存在认识误区、经营者存在种种行为偏差和预付费消费处于市场发展的初级阶段等,为保障消费者的各项权益和维持和谐稳定的市场秩序,我国有必要加强对封闭式预付费消费的监管力度。
文章第二部分就我国封闭式预付费消费监管中存在的诸多缺陷逐一展开论述。首先我国对封闭式预付费消费进行监管的法律依据不足,可用于直接指导监督实践的只有区区几个条款。行政监管缺乏有效性,没有针对我国封闭式预付费消费的特点采取相应的监管措施。行业协会尚未成型,消费者协会职能虚化,它们本应发挥的监督作用也受到了极大地限制。从最终结果上来说,监管不力的一个表现就是经营者违法成本低廉,不足以遏制其实施侵权违法行为发生。
文章第三部分在比较研究日本和我国台湾地区对封闭式预付费消费的监管制度之后,提出了完善我国封闭式预付费消费监管制度的几项制度构建的核心思想,具体包括封闭式预付费消费监管应有监管依据、封闭式预付费消费监管应有强有力的行政监管、封闭式预付费消费监管应注意发挥非政府组织的作用、封闭式预付费消费的监管应采取灵活多样的监管方式和封闭式预付费消费监管应有全面的监管内容等五个要点。
文章最后一部分是本文的重点,全面提出完善我国封闭式预付费消费监管制度的建议。完善我国封闭式预付费消费监管制度首先要分别确立基本法、专项管理办法和地方立法层面的监管依据。接下来要明确监管主体,建议采取行政主管机关监管为主,非政府机构监督为辅的监管模式。再次,要建立覆盖资质监管、合同监管、资金监管、营业监管和信用监管等五个方面的全方位监管措施。最后,提出具体的监管措施建议,实行预付资金收取计划和格式合同年度备案制度、预付资金银行专户存管、按比例使用制度、日常营业行政联合检查制度、企业信用管理和消费者维权播报制度、行业协会和消费者协会参与监督制度及封闭式预付费消费专项救助金制度等六项监管制度。
Current prepay consuming field infringement happens, the mess of wit and humour, not only seriously damages consumer rights, is not conducive to the healthy development of the prepay consuming and even more profound significance in influence on the economic development of our quality. This paper selects this close to the theme of economic life, using comparative reference, case analysis, causal derivation method and system construction, follow the define the concept, analyzes actuality, find out the problem finally improving Suggestions on the idea of consumers and business operators only platinum card of the two parties closed-end prepay consuming of thorough research, aimed at promoting through theoretical cognitive closed-end prepay consuming long-term and healthy development.
The first part of first defined prepay consuming connotation, analyzes its features, causes and describe the situation, our country prepay consuming and points out that strengthening our country closed-end prepay consuming the necessity of supervising. Closed-end prepay consuming bounded should start as: consumer spending to operators before delivery, with total price obtained identity tags and balance of the paper or electronic records function by card, identification card in a certain number or within the period prescribed require the operator or discount offer price of goods or services of a new way of purchasing. It is a special kind of contract, the risk is fully consumer undertake, the use of a show obvious choice finite. At present our country prepay consuming worrisome situation mainly for consumers of closed-end prepay consuming exist misunderstanding, operators there are kinds of behavior bias and prepay consuming in the primary stage of the development of the market for consumer protection, the rights and interests and maintaining the market order, harmonious stability of our country is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the closed-end prepay consuming.
In the second part of the closed-end prepay consuming regulatory many defects in discuss each. First of all our supervision of closed-end prepay consuming the legal basis is insufficient, can be used to direct the guidance and supervision practice by a few terms. Administrative supervision in China, no lack of effectiveness the characteristics of closed-end prepay consuming corresponding supervision measures. Industry association has not yet molding, consumer society function, they should play derived the supervision function was also greatly restricted. From the final results, it is an expression of regulation is slack to low cost, operators illegal curbing its illegal behavior occurrence. Implementation of infringement
Articles in the third part of the comparative study of Japan and Taiwan closed-end prepay consuming after the supervision system, puts forward the closed-end prepay consuming supervision system of several system construction, the core idea of specific including closed-end prepay consuming regulatory oversight basis, enclosed should prepay consuming supervision should have strong administrative supervision, closed-end prepay consuming supervision should pay attention to play the role, non-governmental organization supervision of the closed-end prepay consuming should adopt various flexible way of supervision and closed-end prepay consuming supervision should be comprehensive regulatory content and so on five points.
The last part is the focus on comprehensive paper proposed perfecting supervision system of closed-end prepay consuming suggestion. Perfect our enclosed prepay consuming regulatory system should first established the basic law, respectively special management measures and the local legislation level supervision basis. Next to clear regulatory body, it is advisable to take the administrative authority regulation, nongovernmental organizations supervision and supplemented by supervising mode. Again, to establish cover qualification supervision, contract supervision, fund supervision, business regulation and oversight of the credit in five aspects such as comprehensive regulatory measures. Finally, the author puts forward some measures, implement supervision charge imprest fund plans and format contract annual filing system, imprest fund bank account deposit tube, proportional use system, daily business administration joint inspection system, enterprise credit management and reporting system, consumers in consumers' association, industry associations and supervisory system and enclosed prepay consuming special aid system six supervision system.
引文
5罗彪:“预付费中消费者权益保护之探析”,《知识经济》,2010年07期。
7张慧玲、李莉:“论预付式消费的权益保护”,《工商行政管理》,2008年07期。
16孙琪铨、温健:“会员卡法律问题透析”,《科教文汇》(上旬刊),2007年04期。
[1]黄萍:“预付费式服务消费中的法律问题”,《社科纵横》,2008年01期,新理论版。
[2]何锦强、王众:“论预付型消费卡的本质及其规制路径”,《消费经济》,2010年04期。
[3]李莹:“论预付费会员卡的监管机制”,《法制与社会》,2010年15期。
[4]孙琪铨、温健:“会员卡法律问题透析”,《科教文汇》(上旬刊),2007年04期。
[5]贾君、袁征:“经营者出售预付卡先缴风险保证金”,《中国消费者报》,2009年3月27日。
[6]董潇:“浅议预付费式消费的风险防范”,《宁波经济》(三江论坛),2010年07期。
[7]张慧玲、李莉:“论预付式消费的权益保护”,《工商行政管理》,2008年07期。
[8]陆原:“预付费类服务的消保维权工作初探”,《工商行政管理》,2010年06期。
[1]林宜男:“《预售型商品(服务)凭证》法令健全化之研议”,新华网,2006年8月11日,http://www.fj.xinhuanet.com/news/2006-08/11/content_7760992.htm。
[2]郑祺:“日美预付卡法律规制综述----兼析我国预付卡规制现状与前景”,法律图书馆,2005年9月1日, http://www.law-lib.com/lw/lw_view.asp?no=5728。
[3]“政协委员建议:应综合治理预付费消费侵权案”,人民网,2008年8月5日,http://cppcc.people.com.cn/GB/7610796.html。
[4]陈秀新、焦勇:“预付购物卡监管问题研究”,厦门市法学会,2010年5月4日, http://www.fxh.xm.gov.cn/fxhk/2009/2009deq/201005/t20100504_348617.htm。
[5]周素萍:“我国失信惩戒机制的构建思路”,中国论文下载中心,2008年8月27日, http://www.studa.net/jingji/080827/15511950.html。
[6]“《消费者权益保护法》征求意见二稿”,中国电子商务法律网,2009年12月8日, http://www.chinaeclaw.com/readarticle.asp?id=15922。
[7]“探究青鸟健身停业风波预付费模式遭受质疑”,中国广播网,2011年1月22日,http://www.cnr.cn/jlfw/cj/201101/t20110122_507610908.html。
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7张慧玲、李莉:“论预付式消费的权益保护”,《工商行政管理》,2008年07期。
16孙琪铨、温健:“会员卡法律问题透析”,《科教文汇》(上旬刊),2007年04期。
[1]黄萍:“预付费式服务消费中的法律问题”,《社科纵横》,2008年01期,新理论版。
[2]何锦强、王众:“论预付型消费卡的本质及其规制路径”,《消费经济》,2010年04期。
[3]李莹:“论预付费会员卡的监管机制”,《法制与社会》,2010年15期。
[4]孙琪铨、温健:“会员卡法律问题透析”,《科教文汇》(上旬刊),2007年04期。
[5]贾君、袁征:“经营者出售预付卡先缴风险保证金”,《中国消费者报》,2009年3月27日。
[6]董潇:“浅议预付费式消费的风险防范”,《宁波经济》(三江论坛),2010年07期。
[7]张慧玲、李莉:“论预付式消费的权益保护”,《工商行政管理》,2008年07期。
[8]陆原:“预付费类服务的消保维权工作初探”,《工商行政管理》,2010年06期。
[1]林宜男:“《预售型商品(服务)凭证》法令健全化之研议”,新华网,2006年8月11日,http://www.fj.xinhuanet.com/news/2006-08/11/content_7760992.htm。
[2]郑祺:“日美预付卡法律规制综述----兼析我国预付卡规制现状与前景”,法律图书馆,2005年9月1日, http://www.law-lib.com/lw/lw_view.asp?no=5728。
[3]“政协委员建议:应综合治理预付费消费侵权案”,人民网,2008年8月5日,http://cppcc.people.com.cn/GB/7610796.html。
[4]陈秀新、焦勇:“预付购物卡监管问题研究”,厦门市法学会,2010年5月4日, http://www.fxh.xm.gov.cn/fxhk/2009/2009deq/201005/t20100504_348617.htm。
[5]周素萍:“我国失信惩戒机制的构建思路”,中国论文下载中心,2008年8月27日, http://www.studa.net/jingji/080827/15511950.html。
[6]“《消费者权益保护法》征求意见二稿”,中国电子商务法律网,2009年12月8日, http://www.chinaeclaw.com/readarticle.asp?id=15922。
[7]“探究青鸟健身停业风波预付费模式遭受质疑”,中国广播网,2011年1月22日,http://www.cnr.cn/jlfw/cj/201101/t20110122_507610908.html。
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