聚氨酯涂层织物撕裂性能的研究
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摘要
本文研究了涂层织物撕裂破坏机理，建立了涂层织物梯形法撕裂强力的力学模型，分析了影响单缝法撕裂强力的因素，并对测定涂层织物的撕裂强力方法和涂层工艺对撕强的影响也进行了实验研究。
对12种不同规格的原料为涤纶长丝的涂层织物，采用4种不同撕裂方法进行撕裂强力的测定，得到不同撕裂方法测得的撕裂强力的大小顺序为双缝法、梯形法＞单缝法＞落锤法。单缝、双缝和落锤3种方法撕强值相关系数在0.76～0.98之间，而梯形法和其它方法撕强值相关系数很小。同时讨论了涂层前后织物拉伸性能的变化，涂层后织物的拉伸强力增加，断裂伸长率和梯形法撕裂强力降低。通过涂层工艺对织物撕裂强力的分析表明，随着焙烘温度和涂层厚度的增加，涂层织物的撕裂强力降低；焙烘时间对撕裂强力无显著性影响。在梯形法撕裂强力试验方法中，由于布条上预置了切口，在切口附近发生应力集中现象，通过对涂层前后织物的应力集中损减系数的测试得知，涂层后织物的应力集中损减系数较涂层前的低。
通过试验及分析得出：织物涂层后，涂层剂填充了纱线间和纤维间的空隙，因而增加了纱线间的固接点，增加了纱线间的摩擦，使纱线间滑移变小，同时改变了织物的拉伸性能。涂层表面薄膜不会对织物撕裂有贡献，相反由于聚氨酯渗透到织物内部使受力三角形中纱线根数减少和严重的应力集中而使撕强大大地降低。通过在前人的机织物撕裂强力模型的基础上，得到了涂层织物梯形法撕裂强力的理论表达式，并对梯形法撕裂强力的理论值和实测值进行了比较，梯形法撕裂强力与涂层织物的断裂强力、断裂伸长率和试样尺寸有关，实验表明该理论表达式对涂层织物撕强值的预测有较好的效果。
本文同时分析了涂层织物单缝法撕裂强力与纱线强伸性能和
织物结构指标(经密、纬密、抽出阻力)’的关系，抽出阻力是在自
制的装置上应用纱线强伸仪进行测试的。分别在预加张力为O和等
于单缝法撕裂强力值时的两种情况下用一般多元线性回归方法建
立多变量的数学模型，并建立了标准化多元线性回归方程，讨论了
织物性能指标对单缝法撕裂强力的影响程度。并用逐步回归建立最
优回归方程。结果表明纱线强力是影响单缝法撕强的主要因素，其
次是抽出阻力、纬密和经密。
In this paper, the mechanical model expressing trapezoid tearing strength of coated fabric was proposed, and the factors influencing Single-rip tear strength of coated fabrics were studied. At the same time, the measuring methods of tearing strength and the influence of coating processing parameters on tearing strength were also studied.
Tearing strength of the twelve kinds of coated fabrics with different specifications were measured by using four different tearing methods, the results show that double-rip tearing strength and trapezoid tearing strength are bigger, while single-rip tearing strength and falling-pendulum tearing strength are smaller. The correlative coefficient of single-rip tearing strength double-rip tearing strength and falling -pendulum tearing strength is 0.76 -0.98, however the correlative coefficient of trapezoid tearing strength and other methods tearing
strength is very small. And the tensile properties of coated fabric and uncoated fabric were tested, after coating, tensile strength of fabric is raised, but breaking
elongation and trapezoid tearing strength are reduced. Moreover, the influences of coating processing on tearing strength were studied, as curing temperature and coating thickness increase, the tearing strength of coated fabric decreases. While baking tune has no significant impact on tearing strength of coated fabric. In the trapezoid tearing method, stress concentration will be occurred near the cut because cut was made in the samples, the stress concentration weaken coefficient of coated fabric was smaller than that of uncoated fabric.
Based on previous experiment and analysis, tearing failure mechanism were obtained, coating agent enters interspaces of yarns, friction and concretion of yarns were enhanced, thus slippage of yarns are reduced. Coating film didn't contribute to tearing strength of fabric, while it lowered tearing strength because PU entered the fabric, therefore the number of yarns in tearing triangle decreases, and there is severely stress concentration. A mechanical model expressing trapezoid tearing strength of coated fabric is proposed; the experimental results showed that the mechanical model could be used to predict trapezoid tearing
strength of coated fabric with certain precision.
The relationship between the warp single-rip tearing strength and the yarn tensile properties as well as fabric structure is studied by multi-element linear regression for the eighteen kinds of coated fabrics with different specifications. The analysis shows that the main factor influencing the warp single-rip tearing strength of coated fabrics is warp strength followed by pull-out force, weft density and warp density while the influence of warp breaking elongation and other factors is very small.
对12种不同规格的原料为涤纶长丝的涂层织物，采用4种不同撕裂方法进行撕裂强力的测定，得到不同撕裂方法测得的撕裂强力的大小顺序为双缝法、梯形法＞单缝法＞落锤法。单缝、双缝和落锤3种方法撕强值相关系数在0.76～0.98之间，而梯形法和其它方法撕强值相关系数很小。同时讨论了涂层前后织物拉伸性能的变化，涂层后织物的拉伸强力增加，断裂伸长率和梯形法撕裂强力降低。通过涂层工艺对织物撕裂强力的分析表明，随着焙烘温度和涂层厚度的增加，涂层织物的撕裂强力降低；焙烘时间对撕裂强力无显著性影响。在梯形法撕裂强力试验方法中，由于布条上预置了切口，在切口附近发生应力集中现象，通过对涂层前后织物的应力集中损减系数的测试得知，涂层后织物的应力集中损减系数较涂层前的低。
通过试验及分析得出：织物涂层后，涂层剂填充了纱线间和纤维间的空隙，因而增加了纱线间的固接点，增加了纱线间的摩擦，使纱线间滑移变小，同时改变了织物的拉伸性能。涂层表面薄膜不会对织物撕裂有贡献，相反由于聚氨酯渗透到织物内部使受力三角形中纱线根数减少和严重的应力集中而使撕强大大地降低。通过在前人的机织物撕裂强力模型的基础上，得到了涂层织物梯形法撕裂强力的理论表达式，并对梯形法撕裂强力的理论值和实测值进行了比较，梯形法撕裂强力与涂层织物的断裂强力、断裂伸长率和试样尺寸有关，实验表明该理论表达式对涂层织物撕强值的预测有较好的效果。
本文同时分析了涂层织物单缝法撕裂强力与纱线强伸性能和
织物结构指标(经密、纬密、抽出阻力)’的关系，抽出阻力是在自
制的装置上应用纱线强伸仪进行测试的。分别在预加张力为O和等
于单缝法撕裂强力值时的两种情况下用一般多元线性回归方法建
立多变量的数学模型，并建立了标准化多元线性回归方程，讨论了
织物性能指标对单缝法撕裂强力的影响程度。并用逐步回归建立最
优回归方程。结果表明纱线强力是影响单缝法撕强的主要因素，其
次是抽出阻力、纬密和经密。
In this paper, the mechanical model expressing trapezoid tearing strength of coated fabric was proposed, and the factors influencing Single-rip tear strength of coated fabrics were studied. At the same time, the measuring methods of tearing strength and the influence of coating processing parameters on tearing strength were also studied.
Tearing strength of the twelve kinds of coated fabrics with different specifications were measured by using four different tearing methods, the results show that double-rip tearing strength and trapezoid tearing strength are bigger, while single-rip tearing strength and falling-pendulum tearing strength are smaller. The correlative coefficient of single-rip tearing strength double-rip tearing strength and falling -pendulum tearing strength is 0.76 -0.98, however the correlative coefficient of trapezoid tearing strength and other methods tearing
strength is very small. And the tensile properties of coated fabric and uncoated fabric were tested, after coating, tensile strength of fabric is raised, but breaking
elongation and trapezoid tearing strength are reduced. Moreover, the influences of coating processing on tearing strength were studied, as curing temperature and coating thickness increase, the tearing strength of coated fabric decreases. While baking tune has no significant impact on tearing strength of coated fabric. In the trapezoid tearing method, stress concentration will be occurred near the cut because cut was made in the samples, the stress concentration weaken coefficient of coated fabric was smaller than that of uncoated fabric.
Based on previous experiment and analysis, tearing failure mechanism were obtained, coating agent enters interspaces of yarns, friction and concretion of yarns were enhanced, thus slippage of yarns are reduced. Coating film didn't contribute to tearing strength of fabric, while it lowered tearing strength because PU entered the fabric, therefore the number of yarns in tearing triangle decreases, and there is severely stress concentration. A mechanical model expressing trapezoid tearing strength of coated fabric is proposed; the experimental results showed that the mechanical model could be used to predict trapezoid tearing
strength of coated fabric with certain precision.
The relationship between the warp single-rip tearing strength and the yarn tensile properties as well as fabric structure is studied by multi-element linear regression for the eighteen kinds of coated fabrics with different specifications. The analysis shows that the main factor influencing the warp single-rip tearing strength of coated fabrics is warp strength followed by pull-out force, weft density and warp density while the influence of warp breaking elongation and other factors is very small.
引文
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[3]李正雄．浅谈织物涂层剂．印染助剂，2003．1：7～10
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[6]王炜，华载文．聚氨酯防水透气涂层织物的进展．印染，1998，24(10)：49
[7]张洪涛等．聚氨酯乳液改性的研究进展．印染助剂，1998，15(4)：34
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[10]邹松梅，李光标．C—20阻燃涂层剂的研究及阻燃产品的开发．印染，1991，26(10)：74
[11]高月仙译．涤纶和耐纶涂层织物的粘合力和抗撕裂性．印染译丛，1991(2)．90～91
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[20]罗瑞林．涂层织物．北京：中国纺织出版社，1994．5
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[23]Richard Steel,Irving J Gruntfest . An analysis of tearing failure. Textile Res.J,307～313(1957).
[24]沈志耕，邹秀娟．织物撕破强力力学性质的分析．纺织学报，1981．(6)：17～25
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[27]樊小东，吴强，林荣，等．提高聚氨酯涂层织物撕破强力研究．印染，1998．24(10)．16～19
[28]Krook C M,and Fox K R. Study of the Tongue-Tear Test, Textile Res J. 15,389～396(1945)
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[30]Taylor H M, Tensile and Tearing Strength of Cotton Cloths, J. Textile Inst.50, 161～188
(1959)
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[34] Scelzo W A, Backer S, Boyee M C, Mechanistic Role of Yam and Fabric Structure in Determining Tear Resistance of Woven Cloth, Part Ⅱ: Modeling Tongue Tear, Textile Res.J,321～329(1994)
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[2]薛迪庚．织物的功能整理．北京：中国纺织出版社，2000
[3]李正雄．浅谈织物涂层剂．印染助剂，2003．1：7～10
[4]董永春，滑钧凯．纺织品整理剂的性能和应用．北京：中国纺织出版社，1999
[5]曾跃民，严灏景，胡金莲．形状记忆聚氨酯的性能及应用．印染，2001，27(1)：7
[6]王炜，华载文．聚氨酯防水透气涂层织物的进展．印染，1998，24(10)：49
[7]张洪涛等．聚氨酯乳液改性的研究进展．印染助剂，1998，15(4)：34
[8]Ian holme.Varied Application of Textile Coating.Textile Month,1989,(4):59
[9]张健飞，洪永年．多功能涂层织物的性能研究．印染，2000，26(7)：9
[10]邹松梅，李光标．C—20阻燃涂层剂的研究及阻燃产品的开发．印染，1991，26(10)：74
[11]高月仙译．涤纶和耐纶涂层织物的粘合力和抗撕裂性．印染译丛，1991(2)．90～91
[12]徐朴．中国产业用纺织品市场．上海国际产业用纺织品非织造布研讨会论文集，2001：1～6
[13]王国和，唐立宙．篷帆布类纺织品．江苏丝绸，2000．5：26～28，43
[14]张进亮．帐篷的全张力结构．文体用品与科技，2000．5：13
[15]邓新华，顾振亚，马晓光．涤棉、纯涤纶多功能篷盖布的研制．印染，2002(5)：24～25
[16]Meng Shung Y A Review of Industrial Coated Fabric Substrated.Journal of Coated Fabric,1996,26(10)：87～102
[17]傅明源，孙酣经．聚氨酯弹性体及其应用．北京：化学工业出版社，1994
[18]董剑鹏，田芝瑞．拉应力作用下塑料涂层断裂机理分析．表面工程杂志，1997(1)：41～44
[19]毛志平，储才元，严灏景，等．聚氨酯涂层膜的微结构和性能——添加剂的效能．纺织学报，1996，第二期，十七卷
[20]罗瑞林．涂层织物．北京：中国纺织出版社，1994．5
[21]李绍雄等．聚氨酯树脂．南京：江苏科学技术出版社，1992
[22]Hager O B, Gagliardi D D, Walker H B, Analysis of Tear strength. Textile Res.J,376～381(1947)
[23]Richard Steel,Irving J Gruntfest . An analysis of tearing failure. Textile Res.J,307～313(1957).
[24]沈志耕，邹秀娟．织物撕破强力力学性质的分析．纺织学报，1981．(6)：17～25
[25]沈志耕，邹秀娟．织物撕破强力力学性质的分析．纺织学报，1981，(5)：36～39
[26]储才元，陈峰．机织物的撕裂破坏机理和测试方法的分析．纺织学报，1992．13(5)：196～200
[27]樊小东，吴强，林荣，等．提高聚氨酯涂层织物撕破强力研究．印染，1998．24(10)．16～19
[28]Krook C M,and Fox K R. Study of the Tongue-Tear Test, Textile Res J. 15,389～396(1945)
[29]Teixeira N A, Platt M M, Hamburger W J, Mechanics of Elastic Performance of Textile Materials, part Ⅻ:Relation of Certain Geometric Factors to the Tear Strength of Woven Fabrics, Textile Res.J.25,838-861(1955)
[30]Taylor H M, Tensile and Tearing Strength of Cotton Cloths, J. Textile Inst.50, 161～188
(1959)
[31] Peiree F T, The Geometry of Cloth Structures, J.Textile Inst.28,45～96 (1937)
[32] Seo M H. Modeling of Tear Phenomena in Fabric.Research Memo. MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1989
[33] Scelzo W A, Backer S, Boyce M C. Mechanistic Role of Yam and Fabric Structure in Determining Tear Resistance of Woven Cloth, Part Ⅰ: Understanding Tongue Tear. Textile Res.J,291～304(1994)
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