无粘结部分预应力混凝土框架结构的应用及其抗震性能研究
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摘要
我国高效预应力混凝土结构的设计、研究与应用获得很大发展，部分预应力混凝土设计思想和后张预应力施工技术的推广，使预应力混凝土结构在房屋建筑中的应用开始进入一个崭新的阶段。无粘结预应力混凝土技术的发展，促进了新材料、新结构、新技术、新工艺的发展，自80年代以来，已从单个预应力混凝土构件发展到预应力混凝土结构：平板结构、框架结构、门式刚架、高层结构、空间结构及特种结构等。
无粘结预应力混凝土结构在地震设防区域的应用越来越广泛，但对其抗震性能的认识存在较大的分歧。况且福建省在推广应用无粘结预应力混凝土结构方面起步较晚，因此预应力技术水平还不很高，应用工程面积还不够多，不够广。以往的研究也表明：无粘结预应力混凝土构件具有与普通钢筋混凝土构件相近的延性，但其耗能能力随着预应力度的加大而有所降低，表现在滞回环的捏拢现象越来越明显。而无粘结部分预应力混凝土框架结构在反复荷载作用下的性能如何，却鲜见报道。因此，本文总结了目前人们对预应力结构抗震性能的一般看法，列举了几次强震中预应力结构的典型震害表现，计算得到了预应力结构设计反应谱的阻尼修正系数，提出了预应力结构抗震设计的主要构造措施，供工程人员参考使用；对无粘结部分预应力混凝土一般框架与扁梁框架低周反复荷载试验破坏形态进行比较，还通过两种框架节点破坏形态对进行比较阐述了扁梁柱节点的受力过程并采用混凝土斜压杆模型和钢筋混凝土桁架模型共同作用的理论来分析扁梁柱节点内、外核心区的受力机理。本文的研究为无粘结部分预应力混凝土框架在地震设防区域的应用提供参考。
The development of design, research and application of the effective prestressed concrete structure, the development of the option of partially prestressed concrete and the technology of prestressed concrete with posted tendons, make the application of partially prestressed concrete structure go into a new stage. The development of the technology of the prestressed concrete with unbonded tendons has promoted the development of new materials, new structure, new technology, new craftwork. Since 1980 the application has ranged from single member to a whole structure such as flat floor, frame, high-story structure, portal rigid frame, special structure and special structure.
In earthquake area, many engineers used concrete structure with unbonded tendons. But people still has lots of different opinions about its seismic behaviors. However, for it's late that the unbonded prestressed structures are applied in Fujian, so the level is low and the range of appliance is narrow. Previous research showed that the unbonded prestressed concrete member has the similar ductility to the commom reinforced concrete member, while the energy-dissipating capacity is worse that can be found from the narrow hysteretic characteristic. But it is seldom reported how is the behavior of the partially prestressed concrete frames with unbonded tendons under the low-cyclic loading. The common view of seismic behaviors of prestressed structures is generated in this article. The amending coefficient of designed action spectrum of prestressed structures is calculated. The main construct design methods of prestressed structures are provided for the engineers. I compare the fatigue mode of the common partially concrete frames with unbonded tendons under low-cyclic loading with that of the flat-beam ones. I also compare the fatigue modes of these two kinds of joints to state the course of the force of the flat-beam joints and use the action of the concrete tilted sprint mode and the reinforced concrete joist mode to analyze the mechanism. This article provides the reference for
the application of partially prestressed concrete frames with unbonded tendons in earthquake area.
无粘结预应力混凝土结构在地震设防区域的应用越来越广泛，但对其抗震性能的认识存在较大的分歧。况且福建省在推广应用无粘结预应力混凝土结构方面起步较晚，因此预应力技术水平还不很高，应用工程面积还不够多，不够广。以往的研究也表明：无粘结预应力混凝土构件具有与普通钢筋混凝土构件相近的延性，但其耗能能力随着预应力度的加大而有所降低，表现在滞回环的捏拢现象越来越明显。而无粘结部分预应力混凝土框架结构在反复荷载作用下的性能如何，却鲜见报道。因此，本文总结了目前人们对预应力结构抗震性能的一般看法，列举了几次强震中预应力结构的典型震害表现，计算得到了预应力结构设计反应谱的阻尼修正系数，提出了预应力结构抗震设计的主要构造措施，供工程人员参考使用；对无粘结部分预应力混凝土一般框架与扁梁框架低周反复荷载试验破坏形态进行比较，还通过两种框架节点破坏形态对进行比较阐述了扁梁柱节点的受力过程并采用混凝土斜压杆模型和钢筋混凝土桁架模型共同作用的理论来分析扁梁柱节点内、外核心区的受力机理。本文的研究为无粘结部分预应力混凝土框架在地震设防区域的应用提供参考。
The development of design, research and application of the effective prestressed concrete structure, the development of the option of partially prestressed concrete and the technology of prestressed concrete with posted tendons, make the application of partially prestressed concrete structure go into a new stage. The development of the technology of the prestressed concrete with unbonded tendons has promoted the development of new materials, new structure, new technology, new craftwork. Since 1980 the application has ranged from single member to a whole structure such as flat floor, frame, high-story structure, portal rigid frame, special structure and special structure.
In earthquake area, many engineers used concrete structure with unbonded tendons. But people still has lots of different opinions about its seismic behaviors. However, for it's late that the unbonded prestressed structures are applied in Fujian, so the level is low and the range of appliance is narrow. Previous research showed that the unbonded prestressed concrete member has the similar ductility to the commom reinforced concrete member, while the energy-dissipating capacity is worse that can be found from the narrow hysteretic characteristic. But it is seldom reported how is the behavior of the partially prestressed concrete frames with unbonded tendons under the low-cyclic loading. The common view of seismic behaviors of prestressed structures is generated in this article. The amending coefficient of designed action spectrum of prestressed structures is calculated. The main construct design methods of prestressed structures are provided for the engineers. I compare the fatigue mode of the common partially concrete frames with unbonded tendons under low-cyclic loading with that of the flat-beam ones. I also compare the fatigue modes of these two kinds of joints to state the course of the force of the flat-beam joints and use the action of the concrete tilted sprint mode and the reinforced concrete joist mode to analyze the mechanism. This article provides the reference for
the application of partially prestressed concrete frames with unbonded tendons in earthquake area.
引文
[1]陶学康．无粘结预应力混凝土设计与施工．地震出版社，1993，5
[2]杜拱辰等．世纪之交的预应力新技术．专利文献出版社，1998，11
[3]混凝土结构抗震设计CEB-FIP样本规范．吴明舜译
[4]原苏联地震区建筑设计规范
[5]法国抗震设计规范．轻工业部二院译
[6]苏小卒．预应力混凝土框架抗震性能研究．上海科学技术出版社产，1998，10
[7]Kang Young-Jin, Scordelis A C. Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete frames. Proc. ASCE, J. Struct. Div., Feb 1980: 445～462
[8]Freeman Sigmund A. Seismic design criteria for multistory precast prestressed buildings. J. PCI, May/Jun 1979, Vol.24, No. 3:62～88
[9]PCEA．预应力混凝土框架抗震设计计算书．昭和52年10月
[10]威格尔，罗伯特L等．地震工程学．中国科学院工程力学研究所译．科学出版社，1878
[11]中国建筑科学研究院结构所等．无粘结预应力井式梁板悬挂夹层升板结构体系成套技术．1981
[12]Ersoy Ugur, Aktan Emin, Tankut Tugrul. Earthquake resistant prestressed concrete structures. Proc. 7th WCEE, 1980
[13]徐戊已等．工业厂房中的预应力抗震结构体系．建筑结构，1981，1：50～54
[14]Kobori Takuji et al. Prestressed earthquake resistant structure. Proc. of the Sump. on P. C. and Composite Beams, 1955
[15]Ban S. Rigid building frames of post-tensioned prestressed concrete in active earthquake area. Proc. WCPC, 1957:A22-1～A22-4
[16]Lin T Y et al. Some basic concepts in seismic design of prestressed precast structures. Proc. FIP 8th congr., Vol. 11: 103～111
[17]林飞．无粘结预应力框架结构抗震性能试验研究．福州大学硕士学位论文，2001
[18]陈勇．无粘结预应力框架混凝土框架节点抗震性能研究．福州大学硕士学位论文，2002
[19]焦振刚．预应力混凝土结构地震反应分析及设计反应谱的探讨．中国建筑科学研究院研究生硕士论文，1995，3
[20]钱镓茹等．混凝土平台塔柱恢复力特性的试验研究．工程抗震，1989，第4期
[21]霍晓鸣等．无粘结部分预应力混凝土板柱节点抗震性能试验研究．中国建筑科学研究院建筑结构研究所，1989，8
[22]杜拱辰主编．国外预应力混凝土的发展利应用．中国建筑工业出版社，1982
[23]吴金虎．墨西哥地震中预制和预应力构件的工作特性．工程抗震，1988，第3期
[24]Camba J. L and Meli, R. C., Case Study of the Performance of Prestressed Concrete Buildings During the 1985 Mexico Earthquake, PCI. J. Mar-Apr, 1993
[25]刘长伶，徐渭．整体预应力板柱结构动力特性的试验研究．建筑科学研究报告，No 3～7，1986
[26]徐渭等．设置剪力墙的整体预应力板柱结构抗震性能的研究．土木工程学报，第20卷第1期，1987，8
[27]韩英才等．整体预应力板柱结构的抗震特性．建筑结构学报，1986，6
[28]Nakano, k, Experiment on Behavior of Prestressed Con-crete Four Storeyed Model Structure under Lateral Force, Proc. of 3rd WCEE, Vol3, Jan, 1965
[29]北京市工业设计院等．高层大开间预应力板墙体系的特点及主要研究结论．建筑科学，1990年，第4期
[30]那向谦等．中央电视塔结构模型抗震性能的试验研究报告．清华大学土木系，1990，10
[31]那向谦．中央电视塔结构抗震性能的试验研究．土木工程学报，1992，8
[32]Penzien, j., Damping Characteristics of Prestressed Concrete, ACI. J, Sep, 1964
[33]王广军等．高层钢结构建筑物的设计反应谱．特种结构，1990，4
[34]ACI committee 318. Building Code Requirements for Reinforce Concrete. USA. ACI Detroit Michigan, 1983
[35]朱伯龙，颜德妲．混凝土结构设计原理．同济大学出版社，1992：69～82
[36]余志武，周朝阳，曹祖怀等，竖向低周反复荷载作用下无粘结部分预应力框架结构的抗震性能试验研究．建筑结构学报，1997，(3)
[37]余志武，罗小勇．水平低周反复荷载作用下无粘结部分预应力框架结构的抗震性能试验研究．建筑结构学报，1996，(2)
[38]殷之霖．钢筋混凝土扁梁结构的抗震性能及其设计方法．建筑结构学报，1993，8，14(4)：2～15
[39]唐九如．钢筋混凝土框架节点抗震．东南大学出版社，1989，10
[40]滕智明．钢筋混凝土基本构件．清华大学出版社，1987，10
[41]殷之霖．钢筋混凝土扁梁结构的抗震性能及其设计方法．建筑结构学报，1993，8，14(4)：2～15
[2]杜拱辰等．世纪之交的预应力新技术．专利文献出版社，1998，11
[3]混凝土结构抗震设计CEB-FIP样本规范．吴明舜译
[4]原苏联地震区建筑设计规范
[5]法国抗震设计规范．轻工业部二院译
[6]苏小卒．预应力混凝土框架抗震性能研究．上海科学技术出版社产，1998，10
[7]Kang Young-Jin, Scordelis A C. Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete frames. Proc. ASCE, J. Struct. Div., Feb 1980: 445～462
[8]Freeman Sigmund A. Seismic design criteria for multistory precast prestressed buildings. J. PCI, May/Jun 1979, Vol.24, No. 3:62～88
[9]PCEA．预应力混凝土框架抗震设计计算书．昭和52年10月
[10]威格尔，罗伯特L等．地震工程学．中国科学院工程力学研究所译．科学出版社，1878
[11]中国建筑科学研究院结构所等．无粘结预应力井式梁板悬挂夹层升板结构体系成套技术．1981
[12]Ersoy Ugur, Aktan Emin, Tankut Tugrul. Earthquake resistant prestressed concrete structures. Proc. 7th WCEE, 1980
[13]徐戊已等．工业厂房中的预应力抗震结构体系．建筑结构，1981，1：50～54
[14]Kobori Takuji et al. Prestressed earthquake resistant structure. Proc. of the Sump. on P. C. and Composite Beams, 1955
[15]Ban S. Rigid building frames of post-tensioned prestressed concrete in active earthquake area. Proc. WCPC, 1957:A22-1～A22-4
[16]Lin T Y et al. Some basic concepts in seismic design of prestressed precast structures. Proc. FIP 8th congr., Vol. 11: 103～111
[17]林飞．无粘结预应力框架结构抗震性能试验研究．福州大学硕士学位论文，2001
[18]陈勇．无粘结预应力框架混凝土框架节点抗震性能研究．福州大学硕士学位论文，2002
[19]焦振刚．预应力混凝土结构地震反应分析及设计反应谱的探讨．中国建筑科学研究院研究生硕士论文，1995，3
[20]钱镓茹等．混凝土平台塔柱恢复力特性的试验研究．工程抗震，1989，第4期
[21]霍晓鸣等．无粘结部分预应力混凝土板柱节点抗震性能试验研究．中国建筑科学研究院建筑结构研究所，1989，8
[22]杜拱辰主编．国外预应力混凝土的发展利应用．中国建筑工业出版社，1982
[23]吴金虎．墨西哥地震中预制和预应力构件的工作特性．工程抗震，1988，第3期
[24]Camba J. L and Meli, R. C., Case Study of the Performance of Prestressed Concrete Buildings During the 1985 Mexico Earthquake, PCI. J. Mar-Apr, 1993
[25]刘长伶，徐渭．整体预应力板柱结构动力特性的试验研究．建筑科学研究报告，No 3～7，1986
[26]徐渭等．设置剪力墙的整体预应力板柱结构抗震性能的研究．土木工程学报，第20卷第1期，1987，8
[27]韩英才等．整体预应力板柱结构的抗震特性．建筑结构学报，1986，6
[28]Nakano, k, Experiment on Behavior of Prestressed Con-crete Four Storeyed Model Structure under Lateral Force, Proc. of 3rd WCEE, Vol3, Jan, 1965
[29]北京市工业设计院等．高层大开间预应力板墙体系的特点及主要研究结论．建筑科学，1990年，第4期
[30]那向谦等．中央电视塔结构模型抗震性能的试验研究报告．清华大学土木系，1990，10
[31]那向谦．中央电视塔结构抗震性能的试验研究．土木工程学报，1992，8
[32]Penzien, j., Damping Characteristics of Prestressed Concrete, ACI. J, Sep, 1964
[33]王广军等．高层钢结构建筑物的设计反应谱．特种结构，1990，4
[34]ACI committee 318. Building Code Requirements for Reinforce Concrete. USA. ACI Detroit Michigan, 1983
[35]朱伯龙，颜德妲．混凝土结构设计原理．同济大学出版社，1992：69～82
[36]余志武，周朝阳，曹祖怀等，竖向低周反复荷载作用下无粘结部分预应力框架结构的抗震性能试验研究．建筑结构学报，1997，(3)
[37]余志武，罗小勇．水平低周反复荷载作用下无粘结部分预应力框架结构的抗震性能试验研究．建筑结构学报，1996，(2)
[38]殷之霖．钢筋混凝土扁梁结构的抗震性能及其设计方法．建筑结构学报，1993，8，14(4)：2～15
[39]唐九如．钢筋混凝土框架节点抗震．东南大学出版社，1989，10
[40]滕智明．钢筋混凝土基本构件．清华大学出版社，1987，10
[41]殷之霖．钢筋混凝土扁梁结构的抗震性能及其设计方法．建筑结构学报，1993，8，14(4)：2～15