预应力碳纤维约束高路堤边坡与沉降新技术的研究
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摘要
“预应力碳纤维约束高路堤沉降和边坡稳定新技术”课题是针对当前高速公路建设中高路堤不断增多，而高路堤又常常产生过大或不均匀沉降、边坡稳定性差等常见病害而提出的。本课题第一次将预应力碳纤维技术应用于路基工程中，利用碳纤维的高抗拉强度和高耐腐蚀性，对其施加预应力，使路基土体处于三向受压应力状态中，从而加强路堤填料的密实程度、减少路堤的总沉降、增加边坡的稳定性。
本论文首先介绍室内材料试验和锚固张拉试验。通过对十余种碳纤维制品的抗拉试验，选择出“性价比”较高的碳纤维布作为试验路段的筋材，并初步研制出与之配套的环氧树脂胶和锚固张拉系统。
接着论文介绍了试验路段的修筑和实地观测情况，并总结出预应力碳纤维路堤施工的合理工序。通过试验路段的试验以及竣工后一段时间的定期观测，表明侧向施加的预应力能减少路堤总沉降，缩短工后沉降稳定期，提高路堤的承载力。
论文还对预应力碳纤维路堤的工作机理进行了较全面的分析，从理论上证实侧向施加的预应力能提高路堤的承载力、抗剪强度和抗变形能力，并推导出计算总沉降的修正公式。
对预应力碳纤维路堤的稳定性分析是本论文的另一个重点。文中根据该结构的受力情况对瑞典条分法进行了改进，对路堤边坡进行了稳定性分析。墙面板后土压力的分布变化情况直接关系到拉筋的拉力计算，论文通过对几种计算方法进行分析比较，给出了较合适的推荐计算方法。
In order to solve problems that frequently happen in today's construction of expressway, such as excessive or asymmetrical settlement, poor side slope stability, a research project on the application of prestressed carbon fiber to control high fill settlement and improve side slope stability is carried out. This is the first time to apply prestressed carbon fiber to roadbed engineer in the world. The high tensile strength and corrosion-resisting property of prestressed carbon fiber make it possible that the soil is in triaxial state of stress. Therefore, the embankment fill can be compacted, the settlement can be reduced and side slope stability can be improved.
In this thesis, experiment on material and anchorage-tension system are first introduced. Comparing the tension test results of a series of carbon fiber products, the one with the best price-performance ratio is picked out among them to be used in the field experiment. The corresponding epoxy resin binder both and anchorage-tension system are also developed.
Then the rational construction procedure of CFRP restrain fill is proposed based on field tests of experimental road in the thesis. The data captured in field tests and observations both prove that crossrange prestressing can effectively reduce roadbed settlement, shorten the roadbed compression and stabilization period, and increase the capacity of roadbed.
Working mechanism of prestressing CFRP restrain fill has been analyzed comprehensively in the paper, moreover which also been proved in theory that crossrange prestressing can raise the strength of load-bearing and shock, enhance the shear resistance.
Another focal point of the thesis is the stabilization analysis of prestressing CFRP restrain fill. In order to analyze the stabilization of slope, Swedish slice method has been improved. Earth pressure distribution back of wall has a bearing on tensile force calculation of CFRP belt. Through analyzing and comparing several calculation methods, one kind is be recommended at last.
本论文首先介绍室内材料试验和锚固张拉试验。通过对十余种碳纤维制品的抗拉试验，选择出“性价比”较高的碳纤维布作为试验路段的筋材，并初步研制出与之配套的环氧树脂胶和锚固张拉系统。
接着论文介绍了试验路段的修筑和实地观测情况，并总结出预应力碳纤维路堤施工的合理工序。通过试验路段的试验以及竣工后一段时间的定期观测，表明侧向施加的预应力能减少路堤总沉降，缩短工后沉降稳定期，提高路堤的承载力。
论文还对预应力碳纤维路堤的工作机理进行了较全面的分析，从理论上证实侧向施加的预应力能提高路堤的承载力、抗剪强度和抗变形能力，并推导出计算总沉降的修正公式。
对预应力碳纤维路堤的稳定性分析是本论文的另一个重点。文中根据该结构的受力情况对瑞典条分法进行了改进，对路堤边坡进行了稳定性分析。墙面板后土压力的分布变化情况直接关系到拉筋的拉力计算，论文通过对几种计算方法进行分析比较，给出了较合适的推荐计算方法。
In order to solve problems that frequently happen in today's construction of expressway, such as excessive or asymmetrical settlement, poor side slope stability, a research project on the application of prestressed carbon fiber to control high fill settlement and improve side slope stability is carried out. This is the first time to apply prestressed carbon fiber to roadbed engineer in the world. The high tensile strength and corrosion-resisting property of prestressed carbon fiber make it possible that the soil is in triaxial state of stress. Therefore, the embankment fill can be compacted, the settlement can be reduced and side slope stability can be improved.
In this thesis, experiment on material and anchorage-tension system are first introduced. Comparing the tension test results of a series of carbon fiber products, the one with the best price-performance ratio is picked out among them to be used in the field experiment. The corresponding epoxy resin binder both and anchorage-tension system are also developed.
Then the rational construction procedure of CFRP restrain fill is proposed based on field tests of experimental road in the thesis. The data captured in field tests and observations both prove that crossrange prestressing can effectively reduce roadbed settlement, shorten the roadbed compression and stabilization period, and increase the capacity of roadbed.
Working mechanism of prestressing CFRP restrain fill has been analyzed comprehensively in the paper, moreover which also been proved in theory that crossrange prestressing can raise the strength of load-bearing and shock, enhance the shear resistance.
Another focal point of the thesis is the stabilization analysis of prestressing CFRP restrain fill. In order to analyze the stabilization of slope, Swedish slice method has been improved. Earth pressure distribution back of wall has a bearing on tensile force calculation of CFRP belt. Through analyzing and comparing several calculation methods, one kind is be recommended at last.
引文
[1] 岳清瑞．我国碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)加固修复土木建筑结构技术研究应用现状与展望．见：第五届全国建筑物鉴定与加固改造学术讨论会论文集．汕头，2000
[2] Burgoyne C J. Advanced Composites in Civil Engineering in Europe. Journal of Structural Engineering International, 1999,4:1-7
[3] 罗苓隆．碳纤维布加固技术应用与发展中的几个问题．见：第五届全国建筑物鉴定与加固改造学术讨论会论文集．汕头，2000
[4] Composite Construction-Conventional and Innovative, In: Conference Report of International Conference, Innsbruck, Austria, September 16-18, 1997
[5] Srinivasa L.lyer. Advanced Composites Materials in Civil Engineering tructures. ASCE Specialty Conference, Las -Vegas, 1998
[6] Canadian Standards Association. Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber Reinforced Polymers. Canada, 2000
[7] 中华人民共和国交通部．公路路基设计规范(JTJ 013—95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1996
[8] 《公路工程八大通病分析与防治》编委会．公路工程八大通病分析与防治．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[9] 高民欢，崔桂旺，李佑郎．高填路堤沉降防治方案．内蒙古公路与运输，1998，(3)：14-16
[10] 李莉，蒋鹤 编译．美国加筋土挡墙的应用与发展．国外公路，2002,20(5)：11-14
[11] Jewell R A. Soil Reinforcements with Geotextiles. London: CIRIA, 1996
[12] 刘效尧，朱新实，王建瑶．预应力技术及材料设备．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[13] 史志华，聂永明，陶学康．环氧树脂涂层钢筋．公路，1997(11)：37-42
[14] Faza S, Gangarao H. Bending of Beams Reinforced with FRP Rebar for Varying Concrete Strengthen. Advanced Composite Materials in Civil Engineering Structures, London: Mones, 1991.
[15] 吴文清，徐学东 编译．外贴纤维增强塑料板的混凝土结构加固新技术．国外
公路，1999，19(1)：52-55
[16] 中华人民共和国交通部．公路路基路面现场测试规程(JTJ 059-95)，第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[17] 杨锡武，欧阳仲春．山区高等级公路加筋高路堤边坡研究．公路交通科技，2001，18(1)：17-20
[18] 交通部第二公路勘察设计院．路基．第二版．北京：人民交通出版社，1996
[19] Rizkalla S H, Tadros G Smart. Highway Bridge in Canada. Concrete International, 1994, 16(6): 42-46
[20] Victor Elias, Berry R Christopher. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelinges American Federal Highway Administration, 1997
[21] 沙庆林．公路压实与压实标准．第三版．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[22] Michell. Reinforcement of Earth Slope and Embankment. TRB, 1987
[23] 梁钟琪．土力学及路基．第一版．北京：中国铁道出版社，1980
[24] 华东水利学院力学教研室．土工原理与计算(上册)．第一版．北京：水力电力出版社，2000
[25] R. R. Berg, T. M, Allen, J. R. Rell. Design Procedures for Reinforced Soil Walls-Ahistorical Perspective. In: Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, 1998
[26] 岳祖润，刘典岱，王锡朝．路堤沉降离心模型试验．铁道学报，1996，18(1)：96-100
[27] 郑治．路堤自身压缩的分层总和法．华东公路，1996，(5)：51-55
[28] 魏丽敏，华祖昆．加筋土地基筋带内力量测与分析．岩土工程学报，1997，19(1)：15-21
[29] 洪毓康．土质学与土力学．第二版．北京：人民交通出版社，1995
[30] 黄晓明，朱湘．公路土工合成材料应用原理．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[31] 陈忠达．公路挡土墙设计．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[32] 范永丰，李国喜．公路挡土墙的设计方法和发展方向．公路，1999(9)：26-29
[33] 卢肇均．锚定板挡土结构．第一版．北京：中国铁道出版社，1989
[34] Varadarajan. A. etc. Constitutive Modeling of a Reinforce Soil Using Hierarchical Model. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech, 1999,23:217-241
[35] R. A. Jewell et al. Design Methods for Steep Reinforced Embankments. London:1985
[36] 杨锡武，欧阳仲春．加筋高路堤陡边坡离心模型的研究．土木工程学报，2000，33(5)：88-91
[37] 蒋楚生．预应力锚索技术加固边坡(滑坡)设计及施工要点．路基工程，2001，(5)：32-34
[38] Schosser. F. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Retaining Structures. In: Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, New York, LA: ASCE, 1990, 347-378
[39] T. S. Ingold. Aspects of Partial Factor Design of Reinforced Soil Walls. In: Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, 1998
[40] 欧阳仲春．现代土工加筋技术．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，1991
[41] R. Kerry Rowe, S. K. Ho, Keynote lecture: A Reviwe of the Behavior of Retaining Wall, Earth Retaining Practice (eds), 1993:801-830
[42] 曾令录．预应力锚拉式桩板挡土墙原型测试分析．路基工程，2000，(6)：34-38
[43] Victor Elias, Berry R. Christopher Mechaniclly Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelinges American Federal Highway Administration, 1997
[44] Ilan Juran, Halis M. Ider, and Farrag K. Strain Compatibility Analysis for Geosythetic Reinforced Soil Walls. Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 1990,116(2): 313-329
[45] 尉希成．支挡结构设计手册．第一版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[2] Burgoyne C J. Advanced Composites in Civil Engineering in Europe. Journal of Structural Engineering International, 1999,4:1-7
[3] 罗苓隆．碳纤维布加固技术应用与发展中的几个问题．见：第五届全国建筑物鉴定与加固改造学术讨论会论文集．汕头，2000
[4] Composite Construction-Conventional and Innovative, In: Conference Report of International Conference, Innsbruck, Austria, September 16-18, 1997
[5] Srinivasa L.lyer. Advanced Composites Materials in Civil Engineering tructures. ASCE Specialty Conference, Las -Vegas, 1998
[6] Canadian Standards Association. Design and Construction of Building Components with Fiber Reinforced Polymers. Canada, 2000
[7] 中华人民共和国交通部．公路路基设计规范(JTJ 013—95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1996
[8] 《公路工程八大通病分析与防治》编委会．公路工程八大通病分析与防治．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[9] 高民欢，崔桂旺，李佑郎．高填路堤沉降防治方案．内蒙古公路与运输，1998，(3)：14-16
[10] 李莉，蒋鹤 编译．美国加筋土挡墙的应用与发展．国外公路，2002,20(5)：11-14
[11] Jewell R A. Soil Reinforcements with Geotextiles. London: CIRIA, 1996
[12] 刘效尧，朱新实，王建瑶．预应力技术及材料设备．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[13] 史志华，聂永明，陶学康．环氧树脂涂层钢筋．公路，1997(11)：37-42
[14] Faza S, Gangarao H. Bending of Beams Reinforced with FRP Rebar for Varying Concrete Strengthen. Advanced Composite Materials in Civil Engineering Structures, London: Mones, 1991.
[15] 吴文清，徐学东 编译．外贴纤维增强塑料板的混凝土结构加固新技术．国外
公路，1999，19(1)：52-55
[16] 中华人民共和国交通部．公路路基路面现场测试规程(JTJ 059-95)，第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[17] 杨锡武，欧阳仲春．山区高等级公路加筋高路堤边坡研究．公路交通科技，2001，18(1)：17-20
[18] 交通部第二公路勘察设计院．路基．第二版．北京：人民交通出版社，1996
[19] Rizkalla S H, Tadros G Smart. Highway Bridge in Canada. Concrete International, 1994, 16(6): 42-46
[20] Victor Elias, Berry R Christopher. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelinges American Federal Highway Administration, 1997
[21] 沙庆林．公路压实与压实标准．第三版．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[22] Michell. Reinforcement of Earth Slope and Embankment. TRB, 1987
[23] 梁钟琪．土力学及路基．第一版．北京：中国铁道出版社，1980
[24] 华东水利学院力学教研室．土工原理与计算(上册)．第一版．北京：水力电力出版社，2000
[25] R. R. Berg, T. M, Allen, J. R. Rell. Design Procedures for Reinforced Soil Walls-Ahistorical Perspective. In: Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, 1998
[26] 岳祖润，刘典岱，王锡朝．路堤沉降离心模型试验．铁道学报，1996，18(1)：96-100
[27] 郑治．路堤自身压缩的分层总和法．华东公路，1996，(5)：51-55
[28] 魏丽敏，华祖昆．加筋土地基筋带内力量测与分析．岩土工程学报，1997，19(1)：15-21
[29] 洪毓康．土质学与土力学．第二版．北京：人民交通出版社，1995
[30] 黄晓明，朱湘．公路土工合成材料应用原理．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[31] 陈忠达．公路挡土墙设计．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[32] 范永丰，李国喜．公路挡土墙的设计方法和发展方向．公路，1999(9)：26-29
[33] 卢肇均．锚定板挡土结构．第一版．北京：中国铁道出版社，1989
[34] Varadarajan. A. etc. Constitutive Modeling of a Reinforce Soil Using Hierarchical Model. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech, 1999,23:217-241
[35] R. A. Jewell et al. Design Methods for Steep Reinforced Embankments. London:1985
[36] 杨锡武，欧阳仲春．加筋高路堤陡边坡离心模型的研究．土木工程学报，2000，33(5)：88-91
[37] 蒋楚生．预应力锚索技术加固边坡(滑坡)设计及施工要点．路基工程，2001，(5)：32-34
[38] Schosser. F. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Retaining Structures. In: Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, New York, LA: ASCE, 1990, 347-378
[39] T. S. Ingold. Aspects of Partial Factor Design of Reinforced Soil Walls. In: Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, 1998
[40] 欧阳仲春．现代土工加筋技术．第一版．北京：人民交通出版社，1991
[41] R. Kerry Rowe, S. K. Ho, Keynote lecture: A Reviwe of the Behavior of Retaining Wall, Earth Retaining Practice (eds), 1993:801-830
[42] 曾令录．预应力锚拉式桩板挡土墙原型测试分析．路基工程，2000，(6)：34-38
[43] Victor Elias, Berry R. Christopher Mechaniclly Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelinges American Federal Highway Administration, 1997
[44] Ilan Juran, Halis M. Ider, and Farrag K. Strain Compatibility Analysis for Geosythetic Reinforced Soil Walls. Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 1990,116(2): 313-329
[45] 尉希成．支挡结构设计手册．第一版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995