弦支穹顶施工过程中预应力优化设计与试验研究
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摘要
预应力空间钢结构是预应力技术与空间结构体系相结合而衍生出来的新的结构形式,具有良好的受力性能。弦支穹顶结构是近二十年发展起来的新型预应力空间钢结构体系。通过对下弦索施加预应力,使上层网壳产生与荷载作用相反的内力和位移,增强结构的整体稳定性。与索穹顶体系相比,预应力度较低,而且上层网壳本身是超静定结构,存有一定刚度,索预应力的施加相对简单。弦支穹顶结构实际工程少,施工经验不足,针对此结构的施工过程分析和预应力优化十分必要。本文总结了弦支穹顶结构的特点和国内外研究成果。介绍了弦支穹顶结构施工过程中采用的非线性有限元理论和求解方法。以2008年奥运会羽毛球馆工程建设为契机,对大跨度弦支穹顶结构的施工过程进行理论分析和试验研究。
弦支穹顶结构施工成形分析包括找形分析和索张拉过程分析两方面的内容。基于非线性有限元原理,区分结构的初始态、几何零状态和荷载态,指出弦支穹顶的施工过程是结构从几何零状态到初始态的连续变化的过程,采用张力松弛法,通过有限元程序对结构成形过程进行仿真分析。分析了弦支穹顶结构在张拉成形过程中,随着索力的增加而引起的杆件内力、节点位移和不同索之间的预应力变化。
通过对同一结构进行了4种张拉方案的杆件内力和节点位移的比较,分析了不同张拉顺序对结构的影响。得出了上弦杆件内力变化均匀和节点位移较小的预应力张拉方案,在此基础上,考虑施工的难易程度,选取了预应力张拉控制值较小的方案。
在理论分析的基础上,本文对分析模型进行了张拉试验,通过试验结果与理论计算结果两者的对比分析,验证张拉方案的可行性、理论分析方法的正确性及有限元计算的准确性。试验表明,张拉过程中的弦支穹顶结构内力和变形明显不同于使用阶段,设计中应考虑张拉过程结构的最不利受力情况。
Prestressed space steel structure is a kind of new structured style which is produced form the combination prestressed technology and space structure system. It was proved to be of good property of load carrying capacity. Suspend dome structure(SDS) is a new type of prestressed space steel structured style which has developed since the late 20 years. With the prestress acting on lower chord, the internal force and displacement produced by the upper reticulated shell is of opposite direction of loading, which strengthen the overall stability of structure. Compared with the cable dome system. SDS is of lower degree of prestress, furthermore, the upper reticulated shell itself is a statically indeterminate structure, with the rigidity exist in it, the cable prestress is much easier to be be exerted it.
As the shortage of practical project of SDS and the lack of construction experience for it, it is necessary to do analysis of construction process and prestress optimization. In the dissertation, the writer summarizes the characteristics of SDS and the achievement which has been got around the world. In addition, it introduces the non-linear finite-element analysis and solution method which are used in the construction process of SDS. Taking the badminton gymnasium project of 2008 Olympics as an example, the writer carries out theoretical analysis and experimental research on the construction process of SDS.
The construction forming analysis of SDS consists of shape-finding analysis and the process of cable stretching analysis. On basis of non-linear finite-element principle, for the structure, differentiating the initial state, geometrically zero state and loading state, it change process from geometrically zero state to initial state by adopting the method of tensile relaxation. The finite-element program-Anasys is used in emulating analysis of structural forming process. It analyses the member internal force, joint displacement and the prestressing variation of SDS among different cables with the increase of cable forces in the process of construction forming.
By comparison of 4results of stretching schemes which indicate the member internal force and joint displacement, it analyzes the influence of different stretching sequence on structures. Finally, the writer adopt the strentching scheme which an much evener variation of internal force and lower joint displacement in upper chord member could be achieved. On the basis of it, considering the feasibility of construction, the scheme of lower prestressed stretching control value is adopted.
Based on the theoretical analysis, this dissertation carries out the stretching test on the model to be analyzed, by the comparison of experiment results and theorerical calculated results, the feasibility of stretching scheme, the validity of theoretical analysis model and the accuracy of finite-element calculation are verified. The experimental analysis indicates that the internal force and deformation of SDS in the process of stretching are obviously different from that of applying phase, thus the most harmful force capacity during the process of stretching should be considered in the design.
弦支穹顶结构施工成形分析包括找形分析和索张拉过程分析两方面的内容。基于非线性有限元原理,区分结构的初始态、几何零状态和荷载态,指出弦支穹顶的施工过程是结构从几何零状态到初始态的连续变化的过程,采用张力松弛法,通过有限元程序对结构成形过程进行仿真分析。分析了弦支穹顶结构在张拉成形过程中,随着索力的增加而引起的杆件内力、节点位移和不同索之间的预应力变化。
通过对同一结构进行了4种张拉方案的杆件内力和节点位移的比较,分析了不同张拉顺序对结构的影响。得出了上弦杆件内力变化均匀和节点位移较小的预应力张拉方案,在此基础上,考虑施工的难易程度,选取了预应力张拉控制值较小的方案。
在理论分析的基础上,本文对分析模型进行了张拉试验,通过试验结果与理论计算结果两者的对比分析,验证张拉方案的可行性、理论分析方法的正确性及有限元计算的准确性。试验表明,张拉过程中的弦支穹顶结构内力和变形明显不同于使用阶段,设计中应考虑张拉过程结构的最不利受力情况。
Prestressed space steel structure is a kind of new structured style which is produced form the combination prestressed technology and space structure system. It was proved to be of good property of load carrying capacity. Suspend dome structure(SDS) is a new type of prestressed space steel structured style which has developed since the late 20 years. With the prestress acting on lower chord, the internal force and displacement produced by the upper reticulated shell is of opposite direction of loading, which strengthen the overall stability of structure. Compared with the cable dome system. SDS is of lower degree of prestress, furthermore, the upper reticulated shell itself is a statically indeterminate structure, with the rigidity exist in it, the cable prestress is much easier to be be exerted it.
As the shortage of practical project of SDS and the lack of construction experience for it, it is necessary to do analysis of construction process and prestress optimization. In the dissertation, the writer summarizes the characteristics of SDS and the achievement which has been got around the world. In addition, it introduces the non-linear finite-element analysis and solution method which are used in the construction process of SDS. Taking the badminton gymnasium project of 2008 Olympics as an example, the writer carries out theoretical analysis and experimental research on the construction process of SDS.
The construction forming analysis of SDS consists of shape-finding analysis and the process of cable stretching analysis. On basis of non-linear finite-element principle, for the structure, differentiating the initial state, geometrically zero state and loading state, it change process from geometrically zero state to initial state by adopting the method of tensile relaxation. The finite-element program-Anasys is used in emulating analysis of structural forming process. It analyses the member internal force, joint displacement and the prestressing variation of SDS among different cables with the increase of cable forces in the process of construction forming.
By comparison of 4results of stretching schemes which indicate the member internal force and joint displacement, it analyzes the influence of different stretching sequence on structures. Finally, the writer adopt the strentching scheme which an much evener variation of internal force and lower joint displacement in upper chord member could be achieved. On the basis of it, considering the feasibility of construction, the scheme of lower prestressed stretching control value is adopted.
Based on the theoretical analysis, this dissertation carries out the stretching test on the model to be analyzed, by the comparison of experiment results and theorerical calculated results, the feasibility of stretching scheme, the validity of theoretical analysis model and the accuracy of finite-element calculation are verified. The experimental analysis indicates that the internal force and deformation of SDS in the process of stretching are obviously different from that of applying phase, thus the most harmful force capacity during the process of stretching should be considered in the design.
引文
1 刘锡良.现代空间结构[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2003.
2 陆赐麟,伊思明,刘锡良.现代预应力钢结构[M].北京:人民交通出版社社,2003.
3 蓝天.空间钢结构研究与应用的进展.2004,6(1)
4 Shen,S.Z.,Lan,T.T.,A Rreview of the Development of Spatial Structures in China,International Journal of Space Structures,2001,16(3)
5 张爱林 , 陆赐麟.我国预应力钢结构技术规程编制及有关研究问题 [J] .钢结构,2005,20(1):60~64.
6 陆赐麟, 张爱林, 张国军.预应力钢结构学科的发展与深化[J].建筑钢结构进展,2005,8(2):43-48.
7 陈志华,弦支穹顶结构体系及其结构特性分析[J]. 建筑结构,2004.34(5):38-41
8 Kawanuchi M .Design, tests and realization of Suspen dome system[J].Journal of the International Association for Shells and Spatial Structures, 1999, 40:179-192.
9 Kawanuchi M .Structural tests of Suspen dome system[A].Proc of IASS Symposium[c]A tlanta, 1994: 383-392.
10 Kawanuchi M .Structural tests on a full-size suspen dome structure[Al.Proc. of IASS Symposium[c],Sinnapore, 1997: 431 一 438.
11 Tatemichi I. Vibration tests on full-size suspen dome structure[J].International Journal of Space Structures,1997, 12: 217- 224.
12 Kawaguchi M, Abe M, Hatato T, et al. On a structure system ”suspend-dome”. In Proceedings of the IASS- Symposium, 1993:523-530.
13 Tatemichi I, Hatato T, Anma Y, Fujiwara S. Vibration tests on a full-size suspen-dome structure.International Journal of Space Structure. 1997,12(3–4):217–24.
14 Kawaguchi M, Abe M, Hatato T,Tatemichi I, Fujiwara S, Matsufuji H et al. Structural tests on the “suspendome”system. In: Proceedings of the IASS symposium. 1994:384-92.
15 Kawaguchi M, Tatemichi I, Chen PS. Optimum shapes of a cable dome structure. Engineering Structures1999,21(8):719–25.
16 Hangai Y, Kawaguchi K, Oda K. Self-equilibrated stress system and structural behavior of truss structures stabilized by cable tension. International Journal of Space Structures. 1992;7(2):91–9.
17 Hangai Y, Wu M. Analytical method of structural behaviours of a hybrid structure consisting of cables and rigid structures. Engineering Structures 1999,21(8):726–36.
18 Lin S, Albermani F. Integrated design system for lattice domes. International Journal of Space Structures 2000,15(1):59–74.
19 Lin S, Albermani F. Lattice dome design using knowledge-based system approach. Journal of Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 2001,16(2):158–76.
20 Crisfield MA. A fast incremental/iterative solution procedure that handles snap through. Computers and Structures 1981,13(1–3):55–62.
21 尹越,刘锡良,韩庆华等.弦支穹顶结构的理论分析与应用研究[J].第九届空间结构学术会议论文集,2000:256～259.
22 田国伟.弦支穹顶的理论分析与应用研究[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2001.
23 左晨然.弦支穹顶结构的静力与稳定性分析[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2002.
24 李阳.弦支穹顶结构的稳定性分析与静力试验研究[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2003.
25 刘学春.预应力弦支穹顶结构稳定性分析及优化设计[硕士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学,2006 年.
26 张爱林,刘学春,张宝勤,张晓峰,葛家琪.2008年奥运会羽毛球馆预应力张弦穹顶结构整体稳定分析[J].工业建筑,2007,37(1):7~11.
27 张爱林,张晓峰,葛家琪,刘学春,王冬梅,张宝勤.2008 奥运羽毛球馆张弦网壳结构整体稳定分析中初始缺陷的影响研究[J].空间结构,2006,12(4): 8~12.
28 陈志华,窦开亮,左晨然.弦支穹顶的稳定性分析[J].建筑结构,2004,34(5):46~48.
29 文江.弦支穹顶的静力与动力分析[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2002.
30 崔强,郭彦林.弦支穹顶结构的抗震性能研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动,2005.2(1):67-69.
31 陈志华,李阳,康文江.联方型弦支穹顶研究[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(5):34-40.
32 崔晓强,郭彦林.Kiewitt 型弦支穹顶结构的弹件极限承载力研究[J].建筑结构学报,2003. 2(1):74-79.
33 张明山.弦支穹顶结构的理论研究[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
34 张国军,张爱林.预应力网格结构的研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2004.9(3):309-312.
35 ZhangAilin Re Weijie.Optimum design based on safety constra ints of multi-stage prestressed steel structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(8):26-30.
36 张爱林,杨海军.预应力索桁架索力和尺寸优化设计[J].钢结构,2005, 20 (4):43~46.
37 张建民,肖汝诚.千米级斜拉桥施工过程中的索力优化与线形控制研究[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(7):54~60.
38 刘佳.索承网壳分层张拉成形方法及施工过程内力理论与试验研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北京工业大学,2004.
39 王光远.论时变结构力学[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(12):105-108.
40 张爱 林 , 宋 群英 , 马亚丽.施工 期 结构动态可靠度的阶段分析法 [J] .工程 力学,2006,23(10)156~163.
41 陈建兴.张弦梁结构张拉过程结构性能和伺服施工过程理论[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2006.
42 秦杰,李国立,李继雄,李建国,刘向阳.预应力索拱结构施工仿真与施工技术研究[J].施工技术,2004,33(11):9~12.
43 郑君华,董石麟,詹伟东.葵花型索穹顶结构的多种施工张拉方法及其试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(1):112~116.
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45 张毅刚,白正仙.昆明柏联广场中厅索承网壳的设计研究[J].智能建筑与城市信息
46 张爱林.预应力钢结构技术发展及应用[J].钢结构,2005,20(6):108-109.
47 ANSYS 非线性分析指南[M].北京:ANSYS 中国,2001.
48 董石麟,钱若军.空间网格结构分析理论与计算方法[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社社,2003.
49 卓新.董石麟.张力松弛法及其在预应力空间结构中的应用[A].第二届全国现代结构工程学术研讨会会议论文集[C],马鞍山.2002.
50 董石麟.预应力大跨度空间钢结构的应用与展望[J].空间结构.2001,7(4)
51 张志宏,董石麟.索杆张拉结构的设计和施工全过程分析[J].空间结构,2003 . 9(2):20-24.
2 陆赐麟,伊思明,刘锡良.现代预应力钢结构[M].北京:人民交通出版社社,2003.
3 蓝天.空间钢结构研究与应用的进展.2004,6(1)
4 Shen,S.Z.,Lan,T.T.,A Rreview of the Development of Spatial Structures in China,International Journal of Space Structures,2001,16(3)
5 张爱林 , 陆赐麟.我国预应力钢结构技术规程编制及有关研究问题 [J] .钢结构,2005,20(1):60~64.
6 陆赐麟, 张爱林, 张国军.预应力钢结构学科的发展与深化[J].建筑钢结构进展,2005,8(2):43-48.
7 陈志华,弦支穹顶结构体系及其结构特性分析[J]. 建筑结构,2004.34(5):38-41
8 Kawanuchi M .Design, tests and realization of Suspen dome system[J].Journal of the International Association for Shells and Spatial Structures, 1999, 40:179-192.
9 Kawanuchi M .Structural tests of Suspen dome system[A].Proc of IASS Symposium[c]A tlanta, 1994: 383-392.
10 Kawanuchi M .Structural tests on a full-size suspen dome structure[Al.Proc. of IASS Symposium[c],Sinnapore, 1997: 431 一 438.
11 Tatemichi I. Vibration tests on full-size suspen dome structure[J].International Journal of Space Structures,1997, 12: 217- 224.
12 Kawaguchi M, Abe M, Hatato T, et al. On a structure system ”suspend-dome”. In Proceedings of the IASS- Symposium, 1993:523-530.
13 Tatemichi I, Hatato T, Anma Y, Fujiwara S. Vibration tests on a full-size suspen-dome structure.International Journal of Space Structure. 1997,12(3–4):217–24.
14 Kawaguchi M, Abe M, Hatato T,Tatemichi I, Fujiwara S, Matsufuji H et al. Structural tests on the “suspendome”system. In: Proceedings of the IASS symposium. 1994:384-92.
15 Kawaguchi M, Tatemichi I, Chen PS. Optimum shapes of a cable dome structure. Engineering Structures1999,21(8):719–25.
16 Hangai Y, Kawaguchi K, Oda K. Self-equilibrated stress system and structural behavior of truss structures stabilized by cable tension. International Journal of Space Structures. 1992;7(2):91–9.
17 Hangai Y, Wu M. Analytical method of structural behaviours of a hybrid structure consisting of cables and rigid structures. Engineering Structures 1999,21(8):726–36.
18 Lin S, Albermani F. Integrated design system for lattice domes. International Journal of Space Structures 2000,15(1):59–74.
19 Lin S, Albermani F. Lattice dome design using knowledge-based system approach. Journal of Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 2001,16(2):158–76.
20 Crisfield MA. A fast incremental/iterative solution procedure that handles snap through. Computers and Structures 1981,13(1–3):55–62.
21 尹越,刘锡良,韩庆华等.弦支穹顶结构的理论分析与应用研究[J].第九届空间结构学术会议论文集,2000:256～259.
22 田国伟.弦支穹顶的理论分析与应用研究[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2001.
23 左晨然.弦支穹顶结构的静力与稳定性分析[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2002.
24 李阳.弦支穹顶结构的稳定性分析与静力试验研究[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2003.
25 刘学春.预应力弦支穹顶结构稳定性分析及优化设计[硕士学位论文].北京:北京工业大学,2006 年.
26 张爱林,刘学春,张宝勤,张晓峰,葛家琪.2008年奥运会羽毛球馆预应力张弦穹顶结构整体稳定分析[J].工业建筑,2007,37(1):7~11.
27 张爱林,张晓峰,葛家琪,刘学春,王冬梅,张宝勤.2008 奥运羽毛球馆张弦网壳结构整体稳定分析中初始缺陷的影响研究[J].空间结构,2006,12(4): 8~12.
28 陈志华,窦开亮,左晨然.弦支穹顶的稳定性分析[J].建筑结构,2004,34(5):46~48.
29 文江.弦支穹顶的静力与动力分析[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2002.
30 崔强,郭彦林.弦支穹顶结构的抗震性能研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动,2005.2(1):67-69.
31 陈志华,李阳,康文江.联方型弦支穹顶研究[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(5):34-40.
32 崔晓强,郭彦林.Kiewitt 型弦支穹顶结构的弹件极限承载力研究[J].建筑结构学报,2003. 2(1):74-79.
33 张明山.弦支穹顶结构的理论研究[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2004.
34 张国军,张爱林.预应力网格结构的研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2004.9(3):309-312.
35 ZhangAilin Re Weijie.Optimum design based on safety constra ints of multi-stage prestressed steel structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(8):26-30.
36 张爱林,杨海军.预应力索桁架索力和尺寸优化设计[J].钢结构,2005, 20 (4):43~46.
37 张建民,肖汝诚.千米级斜拉桥施工过程中的索力优化与线形控制研究[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(7):54~60.
38 刘佳.索承网壳分层张拉成形方法及施工过程内力理论与试验研究:[硕士学位论文],北京:北京工业大学,2004.
39 王光远.论时变结构力学[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(12):105-108.
40 张爱 林 , 宋 群英 , 马亚丽.施工 期 结构动态可靠度的阶段分析法 [J] .工程 力学,2006,23(10)156~163.
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