强夯填土中桩的水平受荷特性的研究
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摘要
目前,对桩的水平受力特性的计算研究已有较多的研究成果,而对填土中受水平荷载桩的研究却相对较少。本文结合四川普光天然气净化厂强夯填土桩基工程,进行了以下工作:
(1)介绍了目前对受水平荷载作用下单桩受力特性的一些研究成果,总结了水平承载桩的计算方法。
(2)依据普光天然气厂水平试桩的试验结果,分析了强夯填土中受水平荷载的单桩的受力变形特性。
(3)运用ANSYS有限元软件,计算分析了桩的受力变形特性及填土固结的影响。
(4)应用常数法、m法、c法等计算方法,计算分析了水平荷载作用下的桩的受力性质,并与有限元法和实测结果对比,研究其适用范围。
通过研究,本论文得出以下结论:
(1)横向受荷桩的承载力主要由靠近地表的桩和桩周土体提供,超出此范围的桩及桩周土对水平承载力的影响不大。
(2)桩周土体的固结程度对桩身内力与位移影响较大,且不考虑这一影响时,计算结果是偏于不安全的。
(3)在荷载较小的情况下,常数法、m法、c法等线弹性地基反力法计算结果与实测结果比较相符。虽然常数法计算结果与实测值相符合,但由于其假设条件与实际情况相差很大,而m法计算方法简单于c法,因而推荐使用m法。而当水平荷载较大时,这些计算方法与实际情况误差很大,无法应用于实际工程中。
So far, more achievements have been gained on the research of characteristics of pile under horizontal load. However, little of them are concern with pile in fill-up ground. In this paper, following research works have been done:
(1) Some calculation methods and research results of mechanical characteristics of single pile under horizontal load were summarized.
(2) Based on the results of in situ pile test under horizontal load in Puguang Natural Gas Refining Plant, the bearing and deforming behaviors of the single pile under horizontal load in dynamic compaction fill-up ground were analyzed.
(3) The behaviors of the single pile under horizontal load and the influences of consolidation on the behaviors of the pile were analyzed on the calculating results of finite element method software of ANSYS.
(4) According to the calculating results, the applicable extent of constant method, m-method and c-method were suggested.
Following conclusions have been achieved with the research:
(1) Bearing capacity of the single pile under horizontal load depends on certain extent below the ground surface of pile and the soil around pile.
(2) The consolidation degree of dynamic compaction fill-up ground has prominent effects on the internal forces and deformation of the pile and the results ignoring the effects trend to unsafety.
(3) The constant method, m-method and c-method are applicable only for smaller horizontal load and m-method is recommended for calculation due to its simplicity.
(1)介绍了目前对受水平荷载作用下单桩受力特性的一些研究成果,总结了水平承载桩的计算方法。
(2)依据普光天然气厂水平试桩的试验结果,分析了强夯填土中受水平荷载的单桩的受力变形特性。
(3)运用ANSYS有限元软件,计算分析了桩的受力变形特性及填土固结的影响。
(4)应用常数法、m法、c法等计算方法,计算分析了水平荷载作用下的桩的受力性质,并与有限元法和实测结果对比,研究其适用范围。
通过研究,本论文得出以下结论:
(1)横向受荷桩的承载力主要由靠近地表的桩和桩周土体提供,超出此范围的桩及桩周土对水平承载力的影响不大。
(2)桩周土体的固结程度对桩身内力与位移影响较大,且不考虑这一影响时,计算结果是偏于不安全的。
(3)在荷载较小的情况下,常数法、m法、c法等线弹性地基反力法计算结果与实测结果比较相符。虽然常数法计算结果与实测值相符合,但由于其假设条件与实际情况相差很大,而m法计算方法简单于c法,因而推荐使用m法。而当水平荷载较大时,这些计算方法与实际情况误差很大,无法应用于实际工程中。
So far, more achievements have been gained on the research of characteristics of pile under horizontal load. However, little of them are concern with pile in fill-up ground. In this paper, following research works have been done:
(1) Some calculation methods and research results of mechanical characteristics of single pile under horizontal load were summarized.
(2) Based on the results of in situ pile test under horizontal load in Puguang Natural Gas Refining Plant, the bearing and deforming behaviors of the single pile under horizontal load in dynamic compaction fill-up ground were analyzed.
(3) The behaviors of the single pile under horizontal load and the influences of consolidation on the behaviors of the pile were analyzed on the calculating results of finite element method software of ANSYS.
(4) According to the calculating results, the applicable extent of constant method, m-method and c-method were suggested.
Following conclusions have been achieved with the research:
(1) Bearing capacity of the single pile under horizontal load depends on certain extent below the ground surface of pile and the soil around pile.
(2) The consolidation degree of dynamic compaction fill-up ground has prominent effects on the internal forces and deformation of the pile and the results ignoring the effects trend to unsafety.
(3) The constant method, m-method and c-method are applicable only for smaller horizontal load and m-method is recommended for calculation due to its simplicity.
引文
[1]桩基工程手册编写委员会.桩基工程手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[2]韩理安.水平承载桩的计算.长沙:中南大学出版社.2004
[3]杨克己.实用桩基工程.人民交通出版社.2004
[4]广东省交通局公路工程处.五斗大桥钻孔灌注桩水平荷载试验.中南公路工程.1977,(1):52-61
[5]宋功河.桩基水平静力试验及其探讨.南昌大学学报(工科版)1996,18(3):62-66
[6]张栋材.大口径挖孔灌注桩水平承载力试验分析与研究.工程勘察.1998,(2):1-5
[7]杜红志.单根嵌岩桩在水平荷载作用下原型测试分析.土工基础.1999,13(3):45-50
[8]李彰明,全国权,刘丹,秦亚生.土质边坡建筑桩基水平荷载试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报.2004,23(6):930-935
[9]龚健,陈仁朋.微型桩原型水平荷载试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报.2004,23(20):3541-3546
[10]刘杰,路海俊,刘建飞,姜晓峰.软土地基中预应力管桩水平承载力的试验研究.北京:岩土工程界.2007,10(7):32-34
[11]林亚超,王邦楣.砂性土中单桩和桩基的模型试验.桥梁建设.1997,(2):58-70
[12]赵明华,吴鸣,郭玉荣.轴、横向荷载下桥梁基桩的受力分析及试验研究.中国公路学报.2002,15(1):50-54
[13]皇甫明,王幼青,王梦恕.水平力对竖直桩沉降和承载力影响的研究.岩土工程学报.2003,25(4):511-513
[14]林筱进.现浇混凝土薄壁管桩水平承载性状试验研究.学位论文.2004
[15]王腾,孙宝江.软粘土中水平荷载模型桩的试验研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)2007,31(1):76-79
[16]Rase P E.Theory of lateral bearing capacity of piles.Proc Ist.ICSMFE.1936
[17]Broms B B.Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesive Soils.Proc.ASCE. 1964,90(2):27-63
[18]Broms B B.Lateral resistance of piles in cohesive soils.Proc.ASCE.1964,90(3):123-156
[19]Broms B B.Design of laterally loaded piles.Proc.ASCE.1965,91(3):77-99
[20]茜平一,陈晓平:无粘性土中水平荷载桩的地基土极限水平反力研究.土木工程学报.1998,31(2):30-38
[21]Chang Y L.Discussion on "Lateral Pile Loading Tests" by Feagin,ASCE.1937:272-278
[22]Rowe P W:The Single Pile Subject to Horizontal Force,Geote-chnique.1956
[23]Cummings A E:Discussion on "Lateral Pile Loading Tests"by Feagin.Trans.ASCE.1937,(1959):255-264
[24]Reese L C & Matlock H:Ngn-Dimen sional Solutions for Laterally Loaded Piles with Soil Modulus Assumed Proportional to Depth,Texas Conf.S.M.F.E.,1956,9(29)
[25]Matlock H &Reese L C:Generalized Solutions for Laterally Loaded Piles.Proc.ASCE,1960,5(86)
[26]Palmer L A &Thompson J B:The Earth Pressure and Deflection along the Embedded Length of Piles Subjected to Lateral Thrust,Proc.2nd.ICSMFE.1949
[27]Palmer L A & Brown P P.Analysis of Pressure,Deflection,Moment and Shear by the Mehtod of Difference Equations,Symposium on Lateral Load Tests on Piles.ASTM.1954,(154):22-44
[28]吴恒立.计算推力桩的综合刚度原理和双参数法.人民交通出版社,1990
[29]王成.大直径水平荷载桩的计算机模拟试验.中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会2001年桥梁学术讨论文集.2001:630-635
[30]熊辉,邹银生.水平荷载作用下桩-土非线性反应分析的特征荷载法.岩土工程技术.2002,(5):275-279
[31]赵雪萍.弹性桩基础内力分析方法探讨.东北公路.2003,26(4):97-99
[32]胡春林,胡胜刚.基于p-y曲线的基桩内力与变形分析.土工基础.2006,20(1):45-48
[33]燕斌,王志强,王君杰.桥梁桩基础计算中p-y曲线法与m法的对比研究.结构工程师.2007,23(4):62-68
[34]洪勇,谢耀峰,张圣平,颜静.水平荷载下单桩有限元模拟结合p-y曲线法分析.中国港湾建设.2007,(3):5-9
[35]张兰生.“高承台”桩基在邮件处理中心项目的应用.新世纪优秀学术成果 评选暨交流大会论文集.2000:690-699
[36]史永胜,陈小丹,沈林栋.软土地基上填土对桩的作用问题分析及处理方法探讨.岩石力学与工程学报.2004,23(6):1049-1053
[37]文松霖,龚泉,李仲秋.锚索抗滑桩加固路堤工程实例分析.岩石力学与工程学报.2007,26(增2):4538-4544
[38]赵明华.桥梁桩基计算与检测.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[39](日)横山幸满.桩结构物的计算方法和计算实例.唐业清,吴庆荪合译.中国铁道出版社.1984
[40]刘金励.桩基础设计与计算.中国建筑工业出版社.1990
[41]交通部科学研究院钻孔桩小组(卢世琛执笔).计算钻孔桩承载力的C 法,桩基工程学术会议论文选集.1981
[42]Matlock H.Correlations for Design of Laterally Loaded Piles in Soft Clay.Offshore Technology Conference.1970,(1204)
[43]Reese L C,Cox W R & Koop F D.Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles in Sand.Offshore Technology Conference.1974,(2080)
[44]McClelland B & Focht Jr.J A.Soil Modulus for Laterally Loaded Piles.ASCE.1956,82(4):1-22
[45]American Petroleum Institute.API Recommended Practice for Planning.Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms.API RP.1976,2(7):21-26
[46]李围等ANSYS土木工程应用实例(第二版本).中国水利水电出版社2007
[47]中华人民共和国行业标准.建筑桩基技术规范(JGJ94-94).中国建筑工业出版社.1995
[48]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.机械工业出版社.2004.5
[49]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通.兵器工业出版社,北京科海电子出版社.2006
[50]王庆五,左日方,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0机械设计感激应用实例(第2版).机械工业出版社.2006
[51](美)陈惠发等A.F.萨里普.弹性与塑性力学.余天庆,王勋文,刘再华译.中国建筑工业出版社.2004
[2]韩理安.水平承载桩的计算.长沙:中南大学出版社.2004
[3]杨克己.实用桩基工程.人民交通出版社.2004
[4]广东省交通局公路工程处.五斗大桥钻孔灌注桩水平荷载试验.中南公路工程.1977,(1):52-61
[5]宋功河.桩基水平静力试验及其探讨.南昌大学学报(工科版)1996,18(3):62-66
[6]张栋材.大口径挖孔灌注桩水平承载力试验分析与研究.工程勘察.1998,(2):1-5
[7]杜红志.单根嵌岩桩在水平荷载作用下原型测试分析.土工基础.1999,13(3):45-50
[8]李彰明,全国权,刘丹,秦亚生.土质边坡建筑桩基水平荷载试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报.2004,23(6):930-935
[9]龚健,陈仁朋.微型桩原型水平荷载试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报.2004,23(20):3541-3546
[10]刘杰,路海俊,刘建飞,姜晓峰.软土地基中预应力管桩水平承载力的试验研究.北京:岩土工程界.2007,10(7):32-34
[11]林亚超,王邦楣.砂性土中单桩和桩基的模型试验.桥梁建设.1997,(2):58-70
[12]赵明华,吴鸣,郭玉荣.轴、横向荷载下桥梁基桩的受力分析及试验研究.中国公路学报.2002,15(1):50-54
[13]皇甫明,王幼青,王梦恕.水平力对竖直桩沉降和承载力影响的研究.岩土工程学报.2003,25(4):511-513
[14]林筱进.现浇混凝土薄壁管桩水平承载性状试验研究.学位论文.2004
[15]王腾,孙宝江.软粘土中水平荷载模型桩的试验研究.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)2007,31(1):76-79
[16]Rase P E.Theory of lateral bearing capacity of piles.Proc Ist.ICSMFE.1936
[17]Broms B B.Lateral Resistance of Piles in Cohesive Soils.Proc.ASCE. 1964,90(2):27-63
[18]Broms B B.Lateral resistance of piles in cohesive soils.Proc.ASCE.1964,90(3):123-156
[19]Broms B B.Design of laterally loaded piles.Proc.ASCE.1965,91(3):77-99
[20]茜平一,陈晓平:无粘性土中水平荷载桩的地基土极限水平反力研究.土木工程学报.1998,31(2):30-38
[21]Chang Y L.Discussion on "Lateral Pile Loading Tests" by Feagin,ASCE.1937:272-278
[22]Rowe P W:The Single Pile Subject to Horizontal Force,Geote-chnique.1956
[23]Cummings A E:Discussion on "Lateral Pile Loading Tests"by Feagin.Trans.ASCE.1937,(1959):255-264
[24]Reese L C & Matlock H:Ngn-Dimen sional Solutions for Laterally Loaded Piles with Soil Modulus Assumed Proportional to Depth,Texas Conf.S.M.F.E.,1956,9(29)
[25]Matlock H &Reese L C:Generalized Solutions for Laterally Loaded Piles.Proc.ASCE,1960,5(86)
[26]Palmer L A &Thompson J B:The Earth Pressure and Deflection along the Embedded Length of Piles Subjected to Lateral Thrust,Proc.2nd.ICSMFE.1949
[27]Palmer L A & Brown P P.Analysis of Pressure,Deflection,Moment and Shear by the Mehtod of Difference Equations,Symposium on Lateral Load Tests on Piles.ASTM.1954,(154):22-44
[28]吴恒立.计算推力桩的综合刚度原理和双参数法.人民交通出版社,1990
[29]王成.大直径水平荷载桩的计算机模拟试验.中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会2001年桥梁学术讨论文集.2001:630-635
[30]熊辉,邹银生.水平荷载作用下桩-土非线性反应分析的特征荷载法.岩土工程技术.2002,(5):275-279
[31]赵雪萍.弹性桩基础内力分析方法探讨.东北公路.2003,26(4):97-99
[32]胡春林,胡胜刚.基于p-y曲线的基桩内力与变形分析.土工基础.2006,20(1):45-48
[33]燕斌,王志强,王君杰.桥梁桩基础计算中p-y曲线法与m法的对比研究.结构工程师.2007,23(4):62-68
[34]洪勇,谢耀峰,张圣平,颜静.水平荷载下单桩有限元模拟结合p-y曲线法分析.中国港湾建设.2007,(3):5-9
[35]张兰生.“高承台”桩基在邮件处理中心项目的应用.新世纪优秀学术成果 评选暨交流大会论文集.2000:690-699
[36]史永胜,陈小丹,沈林栋.软土地基上填土对桩的作用问题分析及处理方法探讨.岩石力学与工程学报.2004,23(6):1049-1053
[37]文松霖,龚泉,李仲秋.锚索抗滑桩加固路堤工程实例分析.岩石力学与工程学报.2007,26(增2):4538-4544
[38]赵明华.桥梁桩基计算与检测.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[39](日)横山幸满.桩结构物的计算方法和计算实例.唐业清,吴庆荪合译.中国铁道出版社.1984
[40]刘金励.桩基础设计与计算.中国建筑工业出版社.1990
[41]交通部科学研究院钻孔桩小组(卢世琛执笔).计算钻孔桩承载力的C 法,桩基工程学术会议论文选集.1981
[42]Matlock H.Correlations for Design of Laterally Loaded Piles in Soft Clay.Offshore Technology Conference.1970,(1204)
[43]Reese L C,Cox W R & Koop F D.Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles in Sand.Offshore Technology Conference.1974,(2080)
[44]McClelland B & Focht Jr.J A.Soil Modulus for Laterally Loaded Piles.ASCE.1956,82(4):1-22
[45]American Petroleum Institute.API Recommended Practice for Planning.Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms.API RP.1976,2(7):21-26
[46]李围等ANSYS土木工程应用实例(第二版本).中国水利水电出版社2007
[47]中华人民共和国行业标准.建筑桩基技术规范(JGJ94-94).中国建筑工业出版社.1995
[48]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.机械工业出版社.2004.5
[49]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通.兵器工业出版社,北京科海电子出版社.2006
[50]王庆五,左日方,胡仁喜.ANSYS10.0机械设计感激应用实例(第2版).机械工业出版社.2006
[51](美)陈惠发等A.F.萨里普.弹性与塑性力学.余天庆,王勋文,刘再华译.中国建筑工业出版社.2004