桩承地基路堤荷载传递机理的研究
|
摘要
桩承地基由水平加筋垫层、桩体、桩帽及桩间地基土共同组成,是一种新的软基处理方法。桩承地基主要通过路堤填土中的土拱效应和水平加筋体的拉膜效应将上覆大部分路堤荷载传递到桩上,再由桩传递至下卧持力层,从而减小了路堤的总沉降和差异沉降。同时,水平加筋体的抗拉作用可减小路堤的侧向变形,提高路堤稳定性。由于桩帽的设置,可增大桩的布置间距,相比常见的复合地基,提高了桩身强度的利用率,具有良好的经济性。正因上述特点,桩承地基在国内外软基处理工程中逐渐得到了推广应用。
桩承地基工作机理复杂,目前理论研究远落后于工程应用,设计理论还不完善。因此,对桩承地基体系的工作机理进行深入、系统的研究,将有助于设计方法的完善和施工工艺的改进,具有重要的理论和工程实际意义。
本文首先通过模型试验研究了桩承地基在路堤荷载作用下的受力工作特性和沉降规律。具体分析了桩土沉降差、桩间土性质、桩帽大小、水平加筋体等因素对土拱效应和沉降特性的影响。
其次,对模型试验进行了数值模拟,并与模型试验结果进行对比分析。着重分析了桩帽大小、路堤填土的内摩擦角和粘聚力、水平加筋体的强度和铺设层数等因素对土拱效应和土拱高度的影响。结果表明,桩帽的加大、水平加筋体的铺设、路堤填土内摩擦角和粘聚力的提高均有利于土拱效应的增强和土拱高度的减小。通过对模型试验的数值模拟,确定了土拱的大致高度和水平加筋体铺设层数的合理取值范围。
然后,综合考虑了路堤填土为粘性土、水平加筋体以及桩与桩间土相互作用等因素,建立了土拱效应计算模型,并利用该模型对几组模型试验和几个具体工程算例进行了对比分析。结果表明,计算结果与模型试验结果、现场实测结果较为吻合,验证了本文分析模型的合理性。通过本文分析模型对具体工程实例进行参数分析,初步确定了路堤填土的内摩擦角、粘聚力及桩帽面积置换率的合理取值范围。
最后,通过对两个桩承地基工程实例的现场观测数据的总结分析,得到了沉降、桩顶应力、桩间土应力、孔隙水压力、桩土应力比及荷载分担比等随填土高度的变化规律,并将实测结果与本文分析模型计算结果进行比较。结果表明,分析模型计算结果与现场观测结果基本吻合,进一步验证了本文分析模型的合理性。
Pile-supported foundation consisting of reinforced cushion, pile, pile cap and foundation soil, and it is a new method of soft ground treatment. It is clear that there is a significant load transfer from soil to piles and to substratum due to soil arching and tension of reinforcement so that the total and differential settlements of the embankment are reduced. Simultaneously, the tension of reinforcement can reduce the lateral displacements and improve the stability of the embankment. As the installing of pile caps, the pile-supported foundation, compared with common compound foundation, which is not needed to be closely spaced, and improves the efficiency of the pile strength, and enables the pile-supported foundation a cost-effective method. Because of the above characteristics, the pile-supported foundation has been widely used in soft ground treatment engineering.
The working mechanism of pile-supported foundation is complicated, and its theoretical research is lagged behind of its application, so its design theory is not perfect. Consequently, a systemic study on working mechanism of the pile-supported foundation will have theoretical significance and practical value for promoting the progress of design method and construction technology.
First of all, a model test was conducted to study on the mechanical behavior and settlement law of the pile-supported foundation under the action of the embankment load. And some influences of the differential settlements between of the piles and soil, the behavior of foundation soil, the size of pile caps and the reinforcements on soil arching and settlement behavior were analyzed in detail.
Secondly, the experiments were simulated by using a finite element program and the results of numerical analyses were compared with the model tests. It was emphatically analyzed that the influences of the size of pile caps, the internal friction angle and cohesion of the embankment fill and reinforcements on soil aching effect and the height of soil arching. The results showed that the increasing of the size of pile caps and the internal friction angle and cohesion of embankment fill, and the reinforcements could improve the soil arching effect and reduce the height of soil arching. The height of soil arching and the reasonable range of reinforcement were determined by numerical simulation.
Furthermore, an analytical model for the transfer mechanism of embankment load was developed, which considered the influences of the internal friction angle and cohesion of embankment fill, reinforcement, the interaction between piles and foundation soil, the height of embankment and the underlying stratum. And several model tests and projects were calculated by using the analytical model. The results showed that the results from the analytical model are consistent with the actual results from the model tests and the field tests, which verified the analytical model is reasonable. The reasonable range of the internal friction angle and cohesion of embankment fill and the percentage of pile caps coverage was discussed by the analysis on the parameters of a specific project.
Finally, by the analysis on the observational data from the two field tests, the variation patterns with the height of embankment were obtained for the settlements, the stresses on piles and soil, pore water pressure, pile-soil stress ratio and load sharing ratio. And the results from the field tests and the analytical model were compared. The results showed that the calculated results based on the analytical model are close to the results from the field tests, which implied the analytical model is reasonable.
桩承地基工作机理复杂,目前理论研究远落后于工程应用,设计理论还不完善。因此,对桩承地基体系的工作机理进行深入、系统的研究,将有助于设计方法的完善和施工工艺的改进,具有重要的理论和工程实际意义。
本文首先通过模型试验研究了桩承地基在路堤荷载作用下的受力工作特性和沉降规律。具体分析了桩土沉降差、桩间土性质、桩帽大小、水平加筋体等因素对土拱效应和沉降特性的影响。
其次,对模型试验进行了数值模拟,并与模型试验结果进行对比分析。着重分析了桩帽大小、路堤填土的内摩擦角和粘聚力、水平加筋体的强度和铺设层数等因素对土拱效应和土拱高度的影响。结果表明,桩帽的加大、水平加筋体的铺设、路堤填土内摩擦角和粘聚力的提高均有利于土拱效应的增强和土拱高度的减小。通过对模型试验的数值模拟,确定了土拱的大致高度和水平加筋体铺设层数的合理取值范围。
然后,综合考虑了路堤填土为粘性土、水平加筋体以及桩与桩间土相互作用等因素,建立了土拱效应计算模型,并利用该模型对几组模型试验和几个具体工程算例进行了对比分析。结果表明,计算结果与模型试验结果、现场实测结果较为吻合,验证了本文分析模型的合理性。通过本文分析模型对具体工程实例进行参数分析,初步确定了路堤填土的内摩擦角、粘聚力及桩帽面积置换率的合理取值范围。
最后,通过对两个桩承地基工程实例的现场观测数据的总结分析,得到了沉降、桩顶应力、桩间土应力、孔隙水压力、桩土应力比及荷载分担比等随填土高度的变化规律,并将实测结果与本文分析模型计算结果进行比较。结果表明,分析模型计算结果与现场观测结果基本吻合,进一步验证了本文分析模型的合理性。
Pile-supported foundation consisting of reinforced cushion, pile, pile cap and foundation soil, and it is a new method of soft ground treatment. It is clear that there is a significant load transfer from soil to piles and to substratum due to soil arching and tension of reinforcement so that the total and differential settlements of the embankment are reduced. Simultaneously, the tension of reinforcement can reduce the lateral displacements and improve the stability of the embankment. As the installing of pile caps, the pile-supported foundation, compared with common compound foundation, which is not needed to be closely spaced, and improves the efficiency of the pile strength, and enables the pile-supported foundation a cost-effective method. Because of the above characteristics, the pile-supported foundation has been widely used in soft ground treatment engineering.
The working mechanism of pile-supported foundation is complicated, and its theoretical research is lagged behind of its application, so its design theory is not perfect. Consequently, a systemic study on working mechanism of the pile-supported foundation will have theoretical significance and practical value for promoting the progress of design method and construction technology.
First of all, a model test was conducted to study on the mechanical behavior and settlement law of the pile-supported foundation under the action of the embankment load. And some influences of the differential settlements between of the piles and soil, the behavior of foundation soil, the size of pile caps and the reinforcements on soil arching and settlement behavior were analyzed in detail.
Secondly, the experiments were simulated by using a finite element program and the results of numerical analyses were compared with the model tests. It was emphatically analyzed that the influences of the size of pile caps, the internal friction angle and cohesion of the embankment fill and reinforcements on soil aching effect and the height of soil arching. The results showed that the increasing of the size of pile caps and the internal friction angle and cohesion of embankment fill, and the reinforcements could improve the soil arching effect and reduce the height of soil arching. The height of soil arching and the reasonable range of reinforcement were determined by numerical simulation.
Furthermore, an analytical model for the transfer mechanism of embankment load was developed, which considered the influences of the internal friction angle and cohesion of embankment fill, reinforcement, the interaction between piles and foundation soil, the height of embankment and the underlying stratum. And several model tests and projects were calculated by using the analytical model. The results showed that the results from the analytical model are consistent with the actual results from the model tests and the field tests, which verified the analytical model is reasonable. The reasonable range of the internal friction angle and cohesion of embankment fill and the percentage of pile caps coverage was discussed by the analysis on the parameters of a specific project.
Finally, by the analysis on the observational data from the two field tests, the variation patterns with the height of embankment were obtained for the settlements, the stresses on piles and soil, pore water pressure, pile-soil stress ratio and load sharing ratio. And the results from the field tests and the analytical model were compared. The results showed that the calculated results based on the analytical model are close to the results from the field tests, which implied the analytical model is reasonable.
引文
[1]http://www.jxjtgh.gov.cn/info_view.asp?id=773.
[2]http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/cyzh/news/2008/11-27/1465430.shtml.
[3]http://bbs.city.tianya.cn/new/TianyaCity/Content.asp?idItem=333&idArticle=17661.
[4]http://bbs.scol.com.cn/dispbbs.asp?boardid=41&id=263300.
[5]http://info.jctrans.com/news/nhys/20081126709789.shtml.
[6]刘松玉主编.公路地基处理[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2000.
[7]汪双杰,张留俊,刘松玉等.高速公路不良地基处理理论与方法[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[8]张留俊,王福胜,刘建都.高速公路软土路基处理技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[9]龚晓南.高等级公路地基处理设计指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005.
[10]曹卫平.桩承式路堤土拱效应及基于性能的设计方法研究[D].浙江：浙江大学博士学位论文,2007.
[11]龚晓南主编.地基处理手册(第三版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[12]HAN J. Geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported embankments[J]. Geo-WCS,2003, 308-317.
[13]HAN J, GABR M A. Numerical analysis of geosynethetic-reinforced and pile-supported earth platforms over soft soil[J]. Journal of geotechnical and gioenvironmental engineering, ASCE,2002,128(1):44-53.
[14]JONES C J F P, LAWSON C R, AYRES D J. Geotextile Reinforced Piled embankments[C]//HOEDT Den(ed). Proc 4th Int Conf on Georextiles:Geomembranes and related Products,1990, Rotterdam:Balkema:155-160.
[15]HABIB H A A, BRUGMAN M H A, UIJTING B G J. Widening of road N247 founded on a geogrid reinforced mattress on piles[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:369-372.
[16]王斌,徐泽中.预应力管桩在高速公路拼接工程软基处理中的设计方法[J].公路,2004,(2)：84-88.
[17]姚红英.复合桩基处理在上海F1赛车场软十路基的实践浅谈[J].上海公路,2004, (1)：15-21.
[18]周良吾,陆水军.浅析杭宁高速公路二期工程软基处理的儿种方法[J].浙江交通科技,2003,(3)： 17-18.
[19]桂炎德,徐立新.沪杭甬高速公路(红恳至沽渚段)拓宽工程设计方法[J].华东公路,2001,(6)：3-6.
[20]深圳机场南停机坪扩建工程地基处理施工图设计[Z].中国铁道科学研究院深圳研究设计院,2007.
[21]深圳机场南停机坪扩建项日二期工程UPS停机坪地基处理工程初步设计[Z].中国铁道科学研究院深圳研究设计院,2008.
[22]东莞市东部快速路软基监测方案[Z].中国铁道科学研究院深圳研究设计院,2003.
[23]张建勋,陈福全,简洪钰.桩承土工织物加筋地基的研究与工程应用综述[J].福建工程学院学报,2003.
[24]饶为国.桩—网复全地基沉降机理及设计方法研究[D].北京：北方交通大学博士学位论文,2002.
[25]ZANZINGER H, GARTUNG E. Performance of a geogrid reinforced railway embankment on piles[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:381-386.
[26]陈宏友,李彬.桩承土工合成材料复合地基在潭邵高速公路软基处理中的应用[J].中南公路工程,2002,27(1)：40-42
[27]余闯.路堤荷载下刚性桩复合地基理路与应用研究[D].南京：东南大学博十学位论文,2002.
[28]WOOD H J. The design and construction of pile-supported embankments for the A63 Selby Bypall[J]. Foundations:Innovations, observations, design and practice, Thomas Telford, London,2003.
[29]DAVID WHYTE. The overriding aspects of the design of geosynthetic-reinforced pile supported embankments[J]. Issues In Foudation Engineering (GSP131), ASCE,2005.
[30]徐立新.桩承式加筋路堤的设计计算方法研究[D].浙江：浙江大学大学博士学位论文,2007.
[31]陈云敏,贾宁,陈仁朋.桩承式路堤土拱效应分析[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(4)：2-6
[32]TERZAGHI K. Theroretical soil mechanics[M]. New York:John Wiley&Son,1943.
[33]HEWLETT W J, RANDOLPH M F. Analysis of piled embankments[J]. Ground Engineering. 1988,21(3):12-18.
[34]LOW B K, TANG S K, CHOA V. Arching in piled embankments [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,120(11):1017-1938.
[35]British Standard BS8006, Code of Practice for Strenthened/Reinforced Soils and Other Fills[S]. London:British Standard Institution,1995.
[36]CARLSSON B. Reinforced soil principles for calculation[J]. Swedish:Terratema AB, 1987.
[37]RUSSEL D, PIERPOINT N. An assessment of design methods for piled embankment [J]. Ground Engineering,1997, (11):39-44.
[38]刘吉福.路堤下复合地基桩、土应力比分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4)：674-677.
[39]许峰,陈仁朋,陈云敏,徐立新.桩承式路堤的工作性状分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,39(9)：1393-1399.
[40]陈福全,李阿池.桩承式加筋路堤的改进设计方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(12)： 1804-1808.
[41]芮瑞.刚性桩加固体软土地基的路堤荷载传递机理与优化研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学博十学位论文,2007.
[42]JOHN N W M. Geotextiles[M]. London:Blackie,1987.
[43]ROGBECK Y, GUSTAVSSON S, LINDQUEST D. Reinforced piled embankments in Sweden-design aspects[C]. Proceedings 1998 Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics,1998: 755-762.
[44]牛志荣,李宏,穆建春等.复合地基处理及其工程实例[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2000.
[45]饶为国,赵成刚.桩-网复合地基应力比分析与计算[J].土工工程学报,2002,35(2)：74-80.
[46]饶为国,江辉煌,侯庆华.桩-网复合地基工后沉降的薄板理论解[J].水利学报,2002,35(4)： 23-27.
[47]贾宁,高文龙.桩承式加筋路堤格栅分析[J].岩土工程技术,2006,20(2)：103-106.
[48]MADHYANNAPU R S, PUPPALA A J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Analysis of geotextile reinforced embankment over deep mixed soil columms[J]. Using numerical and analytical Tools. ASCE,2006,GeoCongress.
[49]HINCHBERGER SEAN D,KERRY ROWE R. Geosynthetic reinforced embankments on soft clay foundations:predicting reinforcement strains at failure[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2003, (21):151-175.
[50]BERGADO DENNES T, LONG PHAM V, SRINIVASA MURTHY B R. A case study of geotextile reinforced embankment on soft ground[J]. Geotextiles and Geomenbranes, 2002, (20):343-365.
[51]KOUSIK DEB, BASUDHAR P K, SARVESH CHANDRA. Generalized model for geosynthetic reinforced granular fill-soft soil with stone columns[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics,2007,7(4):266-276.
[52]袁志波.软土路基土工格栅加筋作用机理研究[J].城市道桥与防洪,2008, (2)：81-83.
[53]朱湘,邓学钧,黄晓明.土工格栅加筋路堤机理研究[J].公路交通科技,2000, (1)：1-4.
[54]徐少曼,洪昌华.土工织物加筋堤坝软基的非线性分析[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(4)438-443.
[55]方磊,谢永利.柔性基础下复合地基桩十应力比模型试验[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版)2005, (2)：30-32.
[56]曹卫平,陈仁朋,陈云敏.桩承式加筋路堤土拱效应试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3)：436-441.
[57]张超.桩承加筋土复合地基的模型试验研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[58]闫宏业.桩承支承路基土拱效应及加筋体受力变形特性研究[D].北京：中国铁道科学研究院硕十学位论文,2008.
[59]ORIANNE J, DANIEL D, RICHARD K. Two-dimensional physical and numerical modeling of a pile-supported earth platform over soft soil[J]. Jounal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, ASCE,2007:295-305.
[60]CHEW S H, PHOON H L, LOKE K H, LIM L K. Geotextile reinforced piled embankment for highway bridges[J]. Transportation Engineering, ASCE,2004:438-443.
[61]HORGAN G J, SARSBY R W. The arching effect of soils over voids and piles incorporating geosynthetic reinforcement[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:373-378.
[62]朱云升,常英,曹军民,郝健.高路堤下复合地基室内模型试验研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2007,31(3)：404-407.
[63]曹卫平,凌道盛,陈云敏.刚性桩加固高速公路软基土拱效应现场试验研究及其与解析解的比较[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(10)：1577-1581.
[64]周云东,彭贵,刘汉龙,杨寿松.现浇薄壁管桩复合地基荷载变形特性[J].岩土力学,2005,26(增刊)：237-240.
[65]LIU H L,CHARLES W W NG,FEI K. Performance of a Geogrid-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Highway Embankment over Soft Clay:Case Study[J].Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering,ASCE,2007,1483-1493.
[66]CORTLEER N G. Design of Double Track Railway Bidor-Rawang on AuGeo Piling[J].1-9.
[67]BRANDL H. Low embankments on soft for highways and high-speed trains[J].239-258.
[68]赵伟,杨果林.路堤下桩-网复合地基桩土应力比现场试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,(3)：95-98.
[69]雷金波,张少钦,雷呈凤,邹群.带帽刚性桩复合地基荷载传递特性研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(8)：1322-1326.
[70]牛建东.高速铁路桩-网复合地基性状及设计方法研究[D].长沙：中南大学博士学位论文,2006.
[71]朱明双,王金昌,朱向荣.路堤荷载下现浇筒桩复合地基性状分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(12)：2186-2190.
[72]夏元友,芮瑞.刚性桩加固软土路基竖向土拱效应的试验分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3)：327-331.
[73]HAN J, GABR M A. Numerical analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported earth platforms over soft soil[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,128(1):43-53.
[74]HUANG J, HAN J, COLLIN J G. Serviceability analysis of geomembrane in geosynthetic reinforced column-support platform[J]. Advances in Earth Structrues:Research to Practice (GSP 151),ASCE,2006:211-216.
[75]YAN L, YANG J S, HAN J. Two and three-dimensional modeling of DM columns under embankments[J]. Advances in Earth Structure:Research to Practice (GSP151), ASCE,2006:255-261.
[76]MADHYANNAPU RAJA S, PUPPALA ANAND J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Analysis of geotextile reinforced embankment over deep mixed soil columms[J].Using numerical and analytical Tools. ASCE,2006, GeoCongress.
[77]HUANG J, HAN J. Geogrid--einfocred pile--upported railway embankments--hree dimensional numerical anaylsis[J].TRB2005,2004:1-8.
[78]KEMPTON G, RUSSELL D, PIERPOINT N, JONES C J F P. Two and three-dimensional numerical analysis of the performance of piled embankments[C]. Int.6th. International Conference on Geosynthetics,1998:767-772.
[79]STEWART M E, Filz G M. Influence of clay compressibility on geosynthetic loads in bridging layers for column-supported embankments [J]. Issues In Foudation Engineering (GSP131),ASCE,2005:1-14.
[80]HAN J, OZTOPRAK S, PARSONS R L et al. Numerical analysis of foundation columns to support widening of embankments[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2007.
[81]HUANG J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Two and three-dimensional modeling of DM columns under embankments[J]. GeoCongress 2006, ASCE,2006:1-5.
[82]NAUGHTON P J, KEMPTON G T. CoMParison of analytical and numerical analysis design methods for piled embankments[J]. GSP 131 Contemporary Issues in Foundation Engineering, ASCE,2005.
[83]HAN J, HUANG J, PORBAHA A. 2D Numerical modeling of a constructed geosynthetic reinforced embankment over deep mixed columns[J]. GSP 131 Contemporary Issues in Foundation Engineering, ASCE,2005:1-11.
[84]ABDULLAH C H, EDIL T B. Numerical analysis of catenary load transfer platform for geopier-supported embankment [J]. GSP 173 Advances in Measurement and Modeling of Soil Behavior, ASCE,2007.
[85]PHAM H T V, SULEIMAN M T, WHITE D J. Numerical analysis of geosynthetic-rammed aggregate pier supported embankments[J]. GeoTrans 2004, ASCE,2004:657-664.
[86]陈仁朋,徐正中,陈云敏.桩承式加筋路堤关键问题研究[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(2)：7-12.
[87]陈福全,吕艳平,侯永峰.桩承式加筋路堤的承载机理研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(4)：74-79.
[88]晏莉.桩承土工合成材料加筋垫层复合地基作用机理数值分析[D].长沙：长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[89]COLLIN J G, WATSON C H, HAN J. Column-supported embankment solves time constraint for new road construction[J]. Foundation Engineering (GSP131), ASCE,2005:1-10.
[90]FILZ G M, SMITH M E. Net vertical loads on geosynythetic reinforcement in colum supported embankments[J]. Geo-Denver 2007:New Peaks in Geotechnics (GSP172 Soil Improvement), ASCE,2007:1-10.
[91]CAO W P, CHEN Y M, CHEN R P. An analytical model of piled reinforced embankments based on the principle of minimum potential energy [J]. Advances in Earth Structure:Research to Practice (GSP151),ASCE,2006:217-224.
[92]COLLIN J G. U. S. State-of-Practice for the design of the geosynthetic reinforced load transfer platform in column supported embankments[J]. Geo-Denver 2007:New Peaks in Geotechnics(GSP172), ASCE,2007:1-12.
[93]雷金波.带帽控沉疏桩复合地基试验研究及作用机理分析[D].南京：河海大学博十学位论文,2005.
[94]REINALDO V, YONG S. Geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported roadway embankment[J].GSP 131 Contemporary Issues in Foundation Engineering, ASCE,2005.
[95]GIROUD J P, BONAPARTE R, BEECH J F. Design of soil layer-geosystems overlying voids [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembrane, Elsever,1990,9(1):11-50.
[96]HE C, LOU X M, XIONG J H. Arching effect in piled embankments[J]. Advances in Earth Structrues:Research to Practice (GSP 151), ASCE,2006:270-277.
[97]HUANG J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Two and three-dimensional modeling of DM columns under embankments[J]. ASCE, GeoCongress,2006:1-5.
[98]MANDAL J N, TYAGI V K. Stress strain behavior of soft soils reinforced by flexible pile[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:379-380.
[99]MANDAL J N, JOSHI A A. Design of geosynthetic reinforced embankments on soft soil[J]. Geotextiles and Geomanbranes,1996, (14):137-145.
[100]NAUGHTON P J. The significance of critical height in the design of piled embankments [J]. Geo-Denver 2007:New Peaks in Geotechnics (GSP172 Soil Improvement),ASCE 2007:1-14.
[101]COLLIN J G, HAN J, HUANG J. Geosynthetic-Reinforced Column-Support Embankment Design Guidelines[J].
[102]RUTUGANDHA G. Geosynthetic reinforced pile supported embankments[D]. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA,2004.
[103]KOUSIK D, BASUDHAR P K, CHANDRA S. Generalized model for geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill-soft with stone columns[J]. International Journal of Geomechnicals, 2007,7(4):266-276.
[104]HAN J, COLLIN J G. Geosynthetic support systems over pile foundations[J]. GRI-18 Geosnthetics Research and Development in Progress, ASCE,2005.
[105]YU C, LIU S Y, JI T Y. Study on the performance fo the reinforced piled embankment [J]. GSP 151 Advances in Earth Structures:Research to Practice,2006:247-254.
[106]CHEN C F, YANG Y. Research on bearing capacity of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported earth platforms over soft soil and analysis of its affecting factors[J]. GSP 151 Advances in Earth Structures:Research to Practice,2006: 294-301.
[107]POULOS H G. Design charts for piles supporting embankments on soft clay[J]. Joural of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(5):493-501.
[108]刘展ABAQUS6.6基础教程与实例详解[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[109]庄茁,张帆,岑松等ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[110]石亦平,周玉蓉ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[111]王金昌,陈页开ABAQUS在土木工程中的应用[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006.
[112]VANEL L, HOWELL D, BEHRINGER C et al. Memories in sand:Experimental tests of construction history on stress distribution under sand piles[J]. Physical Review, 1999,60(5):5040-5042.
[113]赵明华,陈炳初,刘建华.考虑土拱效应的抗滑桩合理桩间距分析[J].中南公路工程,2006,31(2) ： 1-3.
[114]韩爱民,肖军华,梅国雄.被动桩中土拱效应特征与影响参数研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(1)： 111-116.
[115]LAWRENCE. The mechanism of load transfer in granular materials utilizing tacticle pressure sensor[D]. University of Massachusetts Lowell,2002.
[116]贾海莉,王成华,李江红.关于土拱效应的儿个问题[J].西南交通大学学报,2003,38(4)：398-402.
[117]李海深.土工建筑中的土拱效应[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1990,5(2)：163-168.
[118]周德培,肖世国,夏雄.边坡工程中抗滑桩合理桩间距的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1)：132-135.
[119]刘正刚.散体填料下粉喷桩力学行为研究及实例分析[J].公路,1996, (4)：12-17.
[120]杨雪强,何世秀,庄心善.论群桩基础中的成拱效应[J].土工基础,1995,9(2)：12-18.
[121]蒋良潍,黄润秋,蒋忠信.黏性土桩间土拱效应计算与桩间距分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3)：445-450.
[122]CHEN C Y, MARTIN G R. Soil-structure interaction for landslide stabilizing piles[J]. Computers and geotechnics,2002,29:363-386.
[123]张建勋,陈福全,简洪钰.被动桩中土拱效应问题的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2)：174-184.
[124]聂如松,冷伍明,邓宗伟等.被动方桩土拱效应三维有限元分析[J].工业建筑,2007,37(7)：47-52.
[125]LEE C J, CHARLES W W. Development of Downdrag on Piles and Pile Groups in Consolidating Soil[J]. Journal of geotechnical and geoenviromnental engineering, ASCE,2004, 130(9):905-914.
[126]WONG K S, THE C I. Negative skin friction on piles in layered soil deposits[J]. Journal of geotechnical engineering, ASCE,1995,121(6):457-465.
[127]ZHOU W, CHEN R, CHEN Y. Development of negative skin friction of piles on soft ground[J]. GSP 153 Foundation Analysis and Design:Innovative Methods, ASCE,2006: 277-284.
[128]LEE C Y. Pile groups under negative skin friction[J]. Journal of geotechnical engineering, ASCE,1993,119(10):1587-1600.
[129]Kucukarslan S, Banerjee P K. Inelastic Analysis of Pile-Soil Interaction [J]. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, ASCE,2004,130(11): 1152-1157.
[130]庄宁,周小刚,赵法锁.单桩负摩阻力的双折线模型理论解[J].地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(1)： 62-64.
[131]王非,缪林昌,石明磊.单桩荷载传递法修正计算分析[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(10)53-57.
[132]刘春玲,赵法锁,祁生文等.单桩桩十相互作用及荷载传递机理探讨[J].工程地质学报,2004, (12)：406-410.
[133]赵明华,张玲,杨明辉.基于剪切位移法的刚性桩复合地基沉降计算[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,41(6)：965-969.
[134]李小青,贾海艳.基于桩十接触作用的复合地基沉降变形数值研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(6)：80-84.
[135]贺炜,赵明华,邹新军.基桩荷载传递的非线性计算方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(3)：74-78.
[136]赵明华,贺炜,邹新军.计入桩侧摩阻力非线性特性的基桩承载力分析方法[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(4)：5-9.
[137]李忠诚,杨敏.考虑桩土相对滑移的桩基沉降计算[J].结构工程师,2005,2l(5)：53-56.
[138]袁灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧表面负摩阻力解析模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5)：731-735.
[139]袁灯平,黄宏伟,程泽坤.软土地基桩侧负摩阻力研究进展初探[J].土工工程学报,2006,39(2)：53-60.
[140]裴捷,水伟厚,曹晖.上海软土地基长桩荷载传递新模型[J].工业建筑,2005,35(7)：50-54.
[141]王浩,周健,邓志辉.桩-土-承台共同作用的模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(10)：1253-1258.
[142]肖宏.桩基负摩阻力综述[C].第九届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集,422-427.
[143]池跃君,沈伟,宋二详.桩体复合地基桩、土相互作用的解析法[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5)：546-550.
[144]戴民,周云东,张霆.桩土相互作用那个研究综述[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5)：568-571.
[145]折学森.软土地基沉降计算[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[146]赛奎春,高春艳等编著Visual Basic精彩编程200例[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[147]刘炳文编著Visual Basic程序设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[148]JGJ 94-2008.建筑桩基技术规范[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[149]顾晓鲁等主编.地基与基础(第三版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[150]Geotechnical Society. Nordic Handbook Reinforced Soils and Fills[S]. Stockholm: Nordic Geosynthetic Group,2002.
[151]周镜,叶阳升,蔡德钩.国外加筋垫层桩支承路基计算方法分析[J].中国铁道科学,2007,28(2)： 1-6.
[2]http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/cyzh/news/2008/11-27/1465430.shtml.
[3]http://bbs.city.tianya.cn/new/TianyaCity/Content.asp?idItem=333&idArticle=17661.
[4]http://bbs.scol.com.cn/dispbbs.asp?boardid=41&id=263300.
[5]http://info.jctrans.com/news/nhys/20081126709789.shtml.
[6]刘松玉主编.公路地基处理[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2000.
[7]汪双杰,张留俊,刘松玉等.高速公路不良地基处理理论与方法[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.
[8]张留俊,王福胜,刘建都.高速公路软土路基处理技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1998.
[9]龚晓南.高等级公路地基处理设计指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005.
[10]曹卫平.桩承式路堤土拱效应及基于性能的设计方法研究[D].浙江：浙江大学博士学位论文,2007.
[11]龚晓南主编.地基处理手册(第三版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[12]HAN J. Geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported embankments[J]. Geo-WCS,2003, 308-317.
[13]HAN J, GABR M A. Numerical analysis of geosynethetic-reinforced and pile-supported earth platforms over soft soil[J]. Journal of geotechnical and gioenvironmental engineering, ASCE,2002,128(1):44-53.
[14]JONES C J F P, LAWSON C R, AYRES D J. Geotextile Reinforced Piled embankments[C]//HOEDT Den(ed). Proc 4th Int Conf on Georextiles:Geomembranes and related Products,1990, Rotterdam:Balkema:155-160.
[15]HABIB H A A, BRUGMAN M H A, UIJTING B G J. Widening of road N247 founded on a geogrid reinforced mattress on piles[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:369-372.
[16]王斌,徐泽中.预应力管桩在高速公路拼接工程软基处理中的设计方法[J].公路,2004,(2)：84-88.
[17]姚红英.复合桩基处理在上海F1赛车场软十路基的实践浅谈[J].上海公路,2004, (1)：15-21.
[18]周良吾,陆水军.浅析杭宁高速公路二期工程软基处理的儿种方法[J].浙江交通科技,2003,(3)： 17-18.
[19]桂炎德,徐立新.沪杭甬高速公路(红恳至沽渚段)拓宽工程设计方法[J].华东公路,2001,(6)：3-6.
[20]深圳机场南停机坪扩建工程地基处理施工图设计[Z].中国铁道科学研究院深圳研究设计院,2007.
[21]深圳机场南停机坪扩建项日二期工程UPS停机坪地基处理工程初步设计[Z].中国铁道科学研究院深圳研究设计院,2008.
[22]东莞市东部快速路软基监测方案[Z].中国铁道科学研究院深圳研究设计院,2003.
[23]张建勋,陈福全,简洪钰.桩承土工织物加筋地基的研究与工程应用综述[J].福建工程学院学报,2003.
[24]饶为国.桩—网复全地基沉降机理及设计方法研究[D].北京：北方交通大学博士学位论文,2002.
[25]ZANZINGER H, GARTUNG E. Performance of a geogrid reinforced railway embankment on piles[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:381-386.
[26]陈宏友,李彬.桩承土工合成材料复合地基在潭邵高速公路软基处理中的应用[J].中南公路工程,2002,27(1)：40-42
[27]余闯.路堤荷载下刚性桩复合地基理路与应用研究[D].南京：东南大学博十学位论文,2002.
[28]WOOD H J. The design and construction of pile-supported embankments for the A63 Selby Bypall[J]. Foundations:Innovations, observations, design and practice, Thomas Telford, London,2003.
[29]DAVID WHYTE. The overriding aspects of the design of geosynthetic-reinforced pile supported embankments[J]. Issues In Foudation Engineering (GSP131), ASCE,2005.
[30]徐立新.桩承式加筋路堤的设计计算方法研究[D].浙江：浙江大学大学博士学位论文,2007.
[31]陈云敏,贾宁,陈仁朋.桩承式路堤土拱效应分析[J].中国公路学报,2004,17(4)：2-6
[32]TERZAGHI K. Theroretical soil mechanics[M]. New York:John Wiley&Son,1943.
[33]HEWLETT W J, RANDOLPH M F. Analysis of piled embankments[J]. Ground Engineering. 1988,21(3):12-18.
[34]LOW B K, TANG S K, CHOA V. Arching in piled embankments [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,120(11):1017-1938.
[35]British Standard BS8006, Code of Practice for Strenthened/Reinforced Soils and Other Fills[S]. London:British Standard Institution,1995.
[36]CARLSSON B. Reinforced soil principles for calculation[J]. Swedish:Terratema AB, 1987.
[37]RUSSEL D, PIERPOINT N. An assessment of design methods for piled embankment [J]. Ground Engineering,1997, (11):39-44.
[38]刘吉福.路堤下复合地基桩、土应力比分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4)：674-677.
[39]许峰,陈仁朋,陈云敏,徐立新.桩承式路堤的工作性状分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,39(9)：1393-1399.
[40]陈福全,李阿池.桩承式加筋路堤的改进设计方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(12)： 1804-1808.
[41]芮瑞.刚性桩加固体软土地基的路堤荷载传递机理与优化研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学博十学位论文,2007.
[42]JOHN N W M. Geotextiles[M]. London:Blackie,1987.
[43]ROGBECK Y, GUSTAVSSON S, LINDQUEST D. Reinforced piled embankments in Sweden-design aspects[C]. Proceedings 1998 Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics,1998: 755-762.
[44]牛志荣,李宏,穆建春等.复合地基处理及其工程实例[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2000.
[45]饶为国,赵成刚.桩-网复合地基应力比分析与计算[J].土工工程学报,2002,35(2)：74-80.
[46]饶为国,江辉煌,侯庆华.桩-网复合地基工后沉降的薄板理论解[J].水利学报,2002,35(4)： 23-27.
[47]贾宁,高文龙.桩承式加筋路堤格栅分析[J].岩土工程技术,2006,20(2)：103-106.
[48]MADHYANNAPU R S, PUPPALA A J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Analysis of geotextile reinforced embankment over deep mixed soil columms[J]. Using numerical and analytical Tools. ASCE,2006,GeoCongress.
[49]HINCHBERGER SEAN D,KERRY ROWE R. Geosynthetic reinforced embankments on soft clay foundations:predicting reinforcement strains at failure[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2003, (21):151-175.
[50]BERGADO DENNES T, LONG PHAM V, SRINIVASA MURTHY B R. A case study of geotextile reinforced embankment on soft ground[J]. Geotextiles and Geomenbranes, 2002, (20):343-365.
[51]KOUSIK DEB, BASUDHAR P K, SARVESH CHANDRA. Generalized model for geosynthetic reinforced granular fill-soft soil with stone columns[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics,2007,7(4):266-276.
[52]袁志波.软土路基土工格栅加筋作用机理研究[J].城市道桥与防洪,2008, (2)：81-83.
[53]朱湘,邓学钧,黄晓明.土工格栅加筋路堤机理研究[J].公路交通科技,2000, (1)：1-4.
[54]徐少曼,洪昌华.土工织物加筋堤坝软基的非线性分析[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(4)438-443.
[55]方磊,谢永利.柔性基础下复合地基桩十应力比模型试验[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版)2005, (2)：30-32.
[56]曹卫平,陈仁朋,陈云敏.桩承式加筋路堤土拱效应试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3)：436-441.
[57]张超.桩承加筋土复合地基的模型试验研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[58]闫宏业.桩承支承路基土拱效应及加筋体受力变形特性研究[D].北京：中国铁道科学研究院硕十学位论文,2008.
[59]ORIANNE J, DANIEL D, RICHARD K. Two-dimensional physical and numerical modeling of a pile-supported earth platform over soft soil[J]. Jounal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, ASCE,2007:295-305.
[60]CHEW S H, PHOON H L, LOKE K H, LIM L K. Geotextile reinforced piled embankment for highway bridges[J]. Transportation Engineering, ASCE,2004:438-443.
[61]HORGAN G J, SARSBY R W. The arching effect of soils over voids and piles incorporating geosynthetic reinforcement[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:373-378.
[62]朱云升,常英,曹军民,郝健.高路堤下复合地基室内模型试验研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2007,31(3)：404-407.
[63]曹卫平,凌道盛,陈云敏.刚性桩加固高速公路软基土拱效应现场试验研究及其与解析解的比较[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(10)：1577-1581.
[64]周云东,彭贵,刘汉龙,杨寿松.现浇薄壁管桩复合地基荷载变形特性[J].岩土力学,2005,26(增刊)：237-240.
[65]LIU H L,CHARLES W W NG,FEI K. Performance of a Geogrid-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Highway Embankment over Soft Clay:Case Study[J].Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering,ASCE,2007,1483-1493.
[66]CORTLEER N G. Design of Double Track Railway Bidor-Rawang on AuGeo Piling[J].1-9.
[67]BRANDL H. Low embankments on soft for highways and high-speed trains[J].239-258.
[68]赵伟,杨果林.路堤下桩-网复合地基桩土应力比现场试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,(3)：95-98.
[69]雷金波,张少钦,雷呈凤,邹群.带帽刚性桩复合地基荷载传递特性研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(8)：1322-1326.
[70]牛建东.高速铁路桩-网复合地基性状及设计方法研究[D].长沙：中南大学博士学位论文,2006.
[71]朱明双,王金昌,朱向荣.路堤荷载下现浇筒桩复合地基性状分析[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(12)：2186-2190.
[72]夏元友,芮瑞.刚性桩加固软土路基竖向土拱效应的试验分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(3)：327-331.
[73]HAN J, GABR M A. Numerical analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported earth platforms over soft soil[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,128(1):43-53.
[74]HUANG J, HAN J, COLLIN J G. Serviceability analysis of geomembrane in geosynthetic reinforced column-support platform[J]. Advances in Earth Structrues:Research to Practice (GSP 151),ASCE,2006:211-216.
[75]YAN L, YANG J S, HAN J. Two and three-dimensional modeling of DM columns under embankments[J]. Advances in Earth Structure:Research to Practice (GSP151), ASCE,2006:255-261.
[76]MADHYANNAPU RAJA S, PUPPALA ANAND J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Analysis of geotextile reinforced embankment over deep mixed soil columms[J].Using numerical and analytical Tools. ASCE,2006, GeoCongress.
[77]HUANG J, HAN J. Geogrid--einfocred pile--upported railway embankments--hree dimensional numerical anaylsis[J].TRB2005,2004:1-8.
[78]KEMPTON G, RUSSELL D, PIERPOINT N, JONES C J F P. Two and three-dimensional numerical analysis of the performance of piled embankments[C]. Int.6th. International Conference on Geosynthetics,1998:767-772.
[79]STEWART M E, Filz G M. Influence of clay compressibility on geosynthetic loads in bridging layers for column-supported embankments [J]. Issues In Foudation Engineering (GSP131),ASCE,2005:1-14.
[80]HAN J, OZTOPRAK S, PARSONS R L et al. Numerical analysis of foundation columns to support widening of embankments[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2007.
[81]HUANG J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Two and three-dimensional modeling of DM columns under embankments[J]. GeoCongress 2006, ASCE,2006:1-5.
[82]NAUGHTON P J, KEMPTON G T. CoMParison of analytical and numerical analysis design methods for piled embankments[J]. GSP 131 Contemporary Issues in Foundation Engineering, ASCE,2005.
[83]HAN J, HUANG J, PORBAHA A. 2D Numerical modeling of a constructed geosynthetic reinforced embankment over deep mixed columns[J]. GSP 131 Contemporary Issues in Foundation Engineering, ASCE,2005:1-11.
[84]ABDULLAH C H, EDIL T B. Numerical analysis of catenary load transfer platform for geopier-supported embankment [J]. GSP 173 Advances in Measurement and Modeling of Soil Behavior, ASCE,2007.
[85]PHAM H T V, SULEIMAN M T, WHITE D J. Numerical analysis of geosynthetic-rammed aggregate pier supported embankments[J]. GeoTrans 2004, ASCE,2004:657-664.
[86]陈仁朋,徐正中,陈云敏.桩承式加筋路堤关键问题研究[J].中国公路学报,2007,20(2)：7-12.
[87]陈福全,吕艳平,侯永峰.桩承式加筋路堤的承载机理研究[J].铁道学报,2007,29(4)：74-79.
[88]晏莉.桩承土工合成材料加筋垫层复合地基作用机理数值分析[D].长沙：长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[89]COLLIN J G, WATSON C H, HAN J. Column-supported embankment solves time constraint for new road construction[J]. Foundation Engineering (GSP131), ASCE,2005:1-10.
[90]FILZ G M, SMITH M E. Net vertical loads on geosynythetic reinforcement in colum supported embankments[J]. Geo-Denver 2007:New Peaks in Geotechnics (GSP172 Soil Improvement), ASCE,2007:1-10.
[91]CAO W P, CHEN Y M, CHEN R P. An analytical model of piled reinforced embankments based on the principle of minimum potential energy [J]. Advances in Earth Structure:Research to Practice (GSP151),ASCE,2006:217-224.
[92]COLLIN J G. U. S. State-of-Practice for the design of the geosynthetic reinforced load transfer platform in column supported embankments[J]. Geo-Denver 2007:New Peaks in Geotechnics(GSP172), ASCE,2007:1-12.
[93]雷金波.带帽控沉疏桩复合地基试验研究及作用机理分析[D].南京：河海大学博十学位论文,2005.
[94]REINALDO V, YONG S. Geogrid-reinforced and pile-supported roadway embankment[J].GSP 131 Contemporary Issues in Foundation Engineering, ASCE,2005.
[95]GIROUD J P, BONAPARTE R, BEECH J F. Design of soil layer-geosystems overlying voids [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembrane, Elsever,1990,9(1):11-50.
[96]HE C, LOU X M, XIONG J H. Arching effect in piled embankments[J]. Advances in Earth Structrues:Research to Practice (GSP 151), ASCE,2006:270-277.
[97]HUANG J, HAN J, PORBAHA A. Two and three-dimensional modeling of DM columns under embankments[J]. ASCE, GeoCongress,2006:1-5.
[98]MANDAL J N, TYAGI V K. Stress strain behavior of soft soils reinforced by flexible pile[C]. Geosynhetics-7th ICG-Delmas, Gourc & Girard(eds) 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse ISBN 90 5809 523 1,2002:379-380.
[99]MANDAL J N, JOSHI A A. Design of geosynthetic reinforced embankments on soft soil[J]. Geotextiles and Geomanbranes,1996, (14):137-145.
[100]NAUGHTON P J. The significance of critical height in the design of piled embankments [J]. Geo-Denver 2007:New Peaks in Geotechnics (GSP172 Soil Improvement),ASCE 2007:1-14.
[101]COLLIN J G, HAN J, HUANG J. Geosynthetic-Reinforced Column-Support Embankment Design Guidelines[J].
[102]RUTUGANDHA G. Geosynthetic reinforced pile supported embankments[D]. UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA,2004.
[103]KOUSIK D, BASUDHAR P K, CHANDRA S. Generalized model for geosynthetic-reinforced granular fill-soft with stone columns[J]. International Journal of Geomechnicals, 2007,7(4):266-276.
[104]HAN J, COLLIN J G. Geosynthetic support systems over pile foundations[J]. GRI-18 Geosnthetics Research and Development in Progress, ASCE,2005.
[105]YU C, LIU S Y, JI T Y. Study on the performance fo the reinforced piled embankment [J]. GSP 151 Advances in Earth Structures:Research to Practice,2006:247-254.
[106]CHEN C F, YANG Y. Research on bearing capacity of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported earth platforms over soft soil and analysis of its affecting factors[J]. GSP 151 Advances in Earth Structures:Research to Practice,2006: 294-301.
[107]POULOS H G. Design charts for piles supporting embankments on soft clay[J]. Joural of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2007,133(5):493-501.
[108]刘展ABAQUS6.6基础教程与实例详解[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[109]庄茁,张帆,岑松等ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[110]石亦平,周玉蓉ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[111]王金昌,陈页开ABAQUS在土木工程中的应用[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2006.
[112]VANEL L, HOWELL D, BEHRINGER C et al. Memories in sand:Experimental tests of construction history on stress distribution under sand piles[J]. Physical Review, 1999,60(5):5040-5042.
[113]赵明华,陈炳初,刘建华.考虑土拱效应的抗滑桩合理桩间距分析[J].中南公路工程,2006,31(2) ： 1-3.
[114]韩爱民,肖军华,梅国雄.被动桩中土拱效应特征与影响参数研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(1)： 111-116.
[115]LAWRENCE. The mechanism of load transfer in granular materials utilizing tacticle pressure sensor[D]. University of Massachusetts Lowell,2002.
[116]贾海莉,王成华,李江红.关于土拱效应的儿个问题[J].西南交通大学学报,2003,38(4)：398-402.
[117]李海深.土工建筑中的土拱效应[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1990,5(2)：163-168.
[118]周德培,肖世国,夏雄.边坡工程中抗滑桩合理桩间距的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1)：132-135.
[119]刘正刚.散体填料下粉喷桩力学行为研究及实例分析[J].公路,1996, (4)：12-17.
[120]杨雪强,何世秀,庄心善.论群桩基础中的成拱效应[J].土工基础,1995,9(2)：12-18.
[121]蒋良潍,黄润秋,蒋忠信.黏性土桩间土拱效应计算与桩间距分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(3)：445-450.
[122]CHEN C Y, MARTIN G R. Soil-structure interaction for landslide stabilizing piles[J]. Computers and geotechnics,2002,29:363-386.
[123]张建勋,陈福全,简洪钰.被动桩中土拱效应问题的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2)：174-184.
[124]聂如松,冷伍明,邓宗伟等.被动方桩土拱效应三维有限元分析[J].工业建筑,2007,37(7)：47-52.
[125]LEE C J, CHARLES W W. Development of Downdrag on Piles and Pile Groups in Consolidating Soil[J]. Journal of geotechnical and geoenviromnental engineering, ASCE,2004, 130(9):905-914.
[126]WONG K S, THE C I. Negative skin friction on piles in layered soil deposits[J]. Journal of geotechnical engineering, ASCE,1995,121(6):457-465.
[127]ZHOU W, CHEN R, CHEN Y. Development of negative skin friction of piles on soft ground[J]. GSP 153 Foundation Analysis and Design:Innovative Methods, ASCE,2006: 277-284.
[128]LEE C Y. Pile groups under negative skin friction[J]. Journal of geotechnical engineering, ASCE,1993,119(10):1587-1600.
[129]Kucukarslan S, Banerjee P K. Inelastic Analysis of Pile-Soil Interaction [J]. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, ASCE,2004,130(11): 1152-1157.
[130]庄宁,周小刚,赵法锁.单桩负摩阻力的双折线模型理论解[J].地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(1)： 62-64.
[131]王非,缪林昌,石明磊.单桩荷载传递法修正计算分析[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(10)53-57.
[132]刘春玲,赵法锁,祁生文等.单桩桩十相互作用及荷载传递机理探讨[J].工程地质学报,2004, (12)：406-410.
[133]赵明华,张玲,杨明辉.基于剪切位移法的刚性桩复合地基沉降计算[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,41(6)：965-969.
[134]李小青,贾海艳.基于桩十接触作用的复合地基沉降变形数值研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2007,29(6)：80-84.
[135]贺炜,赵明华,邹新军.基桩荷载传递的非线性计算方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(3)：74-78.
[136]赵明华,贺炜,邹新军.计入桩侧摩阻力非线性特性的基桩承载力分析方法[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(4)：5-9.
[137]李忠诚,杨敏.考虑桩土相对滑移的桩基沉降计算[J].结构工程师,2005,2l(5)：53-56.
[138]袁灯平,黄宏伟,马金荣.软土地基桩侧表面负摩阻力解析模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5)：731-735.
[139]袁灯平,黄宏伟,程泽坤.软土地基桩侧负摩阻力研究进展初探[J].土工工程学报,2006,39(2)：53-60.
[140]裴捷,水伟厚,曹晖.上海软土地基长桩荷载传递新模型[J].工业建筑,2005,35(7)：50-54.
[141]王浩,周健,邓志辉.桩-土-承台共同作用的模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(10)：1253-1258.
[142]肖宏.桩基负摩阻力综述[C].第九届全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集,422-427.
[143]池跃君,沈伟,宋二详.桩体复合地基桩、土相互作用的解析法[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5)：546-550.
[144]戴民,周云东,张霆.桩土相互作用那个研究综述[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(5)：568-571.
[145]折学森.软土地基沉降计算[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2000.
[146]赛奎春,高春艳等编著Visual Basic精彩编程200例[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[147]刘炳文编著Visual Basic程序设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[148]JGJ 94-2008.建筑桩基技术规范[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[149]顾晓鲁等主编.地基与基础(第三版)[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[150]Geotechnical Society. Nordic Handbook Reinforced Soils and Fills[S]. Stockholm: Nordic Geosynthetic Group,2002.
[151]周镜,叶阳升,蔡德钩.国外加筋垫层桩支承路基计算方法分析[J].中国铁道科学,2007,28(2)： 1-6.