预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工挠度控制方法的探讨
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摘要
预应力混凝土连续梁桥作为一种结构刚度大、跨越能力大的桥梁,在近几十年得到了长足的发展。连续梁桥悬臂浇筑施工过程比较复杂,不但要经历“T”型刚构悬臂浇筑阶段形成主梁的过程,还要经历体系转换的过程。
施工控制是个复杂的动态系统工程,是实现大桥成桥线形、内力满足设计要求的重要手段。在施工过程中由于多种因素的影响,都会造成连续梁桥各节段的内力和位移随着施工阶段的变化而偏离设计值,从而导致全桥合拢的困难,或桥梁线形及内力状态与设计要求不符,给桥梁施工安全、外形、行车条件等方面带来不同程度的影响。因此必须对建桥的整个过程进行严格的施工控制。
目前用于桥梁施工控制的方法较多,但实质都是基于对施工反馈数据的误差分析,通过计算和施工手段对结构的目标状态和施工的实施状态进行控制调整,达到对施工误差进行控制的目的。与国外相比,我国在施工控制领域还有一定差距,施工控制理论的深入研究和实际应用是今后桥梁建设事业发展迫切需要进行的工作。
在学习和总结前人研究成果的基础上,本文结合所参建预应力混凝土连续梁桥的悬臂施工控制实践,作了以下几个方面的研究工作:针对连续梁桥施工控制中的各种影响因素,提出了具体的处理方法;通过对连续梁桥悬臂施工中结构内力演变的分析以及前进分析法和倒退分析法优缺点的比较,提出采用循环迭代逼近的施工控制结构分析方法;建立连续梁桥施工监测系统,对施工过程中桥梁的实际状态进行跟踪观测,为施工控制计算提供依据;运用桥梁博士有限元分析软件对主桥整个施工过程进行仿真分析,计算出预抛高值;运用灰色系统理论预测实测状态与理想状态在待施工节段的偏差,并及时进行调整。
成桥实测数据表明,本桥施工控制中对主要影响因素的考虑是全面的,所采用的计算参数是合理的;灰色预测控制系统不仅可以对大跨径连续梁桥的施工进行控制,而且方法简单,效果显著。
Continuous prestressed concrete beam bridges as continuous beam structures of great stiffness and ability to cross the bridge, have seen significant development in the last few decades. Pouring consecutive cantilever beam bridge construction process is complicated, which involves not only main beam forming process at "T" - pouring stage of rigid frame cantilever, but also system conversion process.
Construction control, an important way of enabling internal force to meet the design requirements, is a complex dynamic system engineering, which also helps to achieve linear. The construction process may be affected by many factors, which will cause deviation of the internal forces and displacements at sections of continuous girder bridge, resulting in full-bridge closure difficulties, or bridge alignment with the state of internal forces not meeting the design requirements, eventually influencing construction safety, appearance, driving conditions to varying degrees. Hence it is necessary to carry out strict control over the entire construction process of bridges.
At present, there are many bridge construction control methods, but they are all based on feedback data error analysis, calculation, adjusting control over the target state of the structure and the implementation state of construction to achieve the construction error control purposes. China is not so strong as some foreign countries in the field of construction control and therefore, deep researches of construction control theories and their practical application in the future construction of bridge construction are what should be done immediately.
Based on the author's study and others' research results, combining continuous prestressed concrete cantilever beam bridge construction control practice, the paper mainly conducts the following areas of study: considering the various influencing factors in continuous girder bridge construction control, it puts forth a specific approach; Through the continuous girder bridge cantilever construction of the structure and evolution of the internal forces of progress and regression analysis of the advantages and disadvantages compared to the use of iterative approximation of Construction Control Structure Analysis Method, it suggests continuous girder bridge construction monitoring systems, the construction of the bridge during the actual state of tracking observation, to provide basis for calculation in the construction control; the paper also uses the finite element analysis software, Dr. Bridge, throughout the construction process simulation analysis of the main bridge, calculating pre-parabolic high value; predicting the construction segment deviation in both measured state and ideal state by using grey system, and making timely adjustments.
The measured data of a complete bridge show that the consideration of the main factors in the bridge construction control is comprehensive, calculating parameters are reasonable and grey predictive control system can carry out long-span continuous beam bridge construction control simply and effectively.
施工控制是个复杂的动态系统工程,是实现大桥成桥线形、内力满足设计要求的重要手段。在施工过程中由于多种因素的影响,都会造成连续梁桥各节段的内力和位移随着施工阶段的变化而偏离设计值,从而导致全桥合拢的困难,或桥梁线形及内力状态与设计要求不符,给桥梁施工安全、外形、行车条件等方面带来不同程度的影响。因此必须对建桥的整个过程进行严格的施工控制。
目前用于桥梁施工控制的方法较多,但实质都是基于对施工反馈数据的误差分析,通过计算和施工手段对结构的目标状态和施工的实施状态进行控制调整,达到对施工误差进行控制的目的。与国外相比,我国在施工控制领域还有一定差距,施工控制理论的深入研究和实际应用是今后桥梁建设事业发展迫切需要进行的工作。
在学习和总结前人研究成果的基础上,本文结合所参建预应力混凝土连续梁桥的悬臂施工控制实践,作了以下几个方面的研究工作:针对连续梁桥施工控制中的各种影响因素,提出了具体的处理方法;通过对连续梁桥悬臂施工中结构内力演变的分析以及前进分析法和倒退分析法优缺点的比较,提出采用循环迭代逼近的施工控制结构分析方法;建立连续梁桥施工监测系统,对施工过程中桥梁的实际状态进行跟踪观测,为施工控制计算提供依据;运用桥梁博士有限元分析软件对主桥整个施工过程进行仿真分析,计算出预抛高值;运用灰色系统理论预测实测状态与理想状态在待施工节段的偏差,并及时进行调整。
成桥实测数据表明,本桥施工控制中对主要影响因素的考虑是全面的,所采用的计算参数是合理的;灰色预测控制系统不仅可以对大跨径连续梁桥的施工进行控制,而且方法简单,效果显著。
Continuous prestressed concrete beam bridges as continuous beam structures of great stiffness and ability to cross the bridge, have seen significant development in the last few decades. Pouring consecutive cantilever beam bridge construction process is complicated, which involves not only main beam forming process at "T" - pouring stage of rigid frame cantilever, but also system conversion process.
Construction control, an important way of enabling internal force to meet the design requirements, is a complex dynamic system engineering, which also helps to achieve linear. The construction process may be affected by many factors, which will cause deviation of the internal forces and displacements at sections of continuous girder bridge, resulting in full-bridge closure difficulties, or bridge alignment with the state of internal forces not meeting the design requirements, eventually influencing construction safety, appearance, driving conditions to varying degrees. Hence it is necessary to carry out strict control over the entire construction process of bridges.
At present, there are many bridge construction control methods, but they are all based on feedback data error analysis, calculation, adjusting control over the target state of the structure and the implementation state of construction to achieve the construction error control purposes. China is not so strong as some foreign countries in the field of construction control and therefore, deep researches of construction control theories and their practical application in the future construction of bridge construction are what should be done immediately.
Based on the author's study and others' research results, combining continuous prestressed concrete cantilever beam bridge construction control practice, the paper mainly conducts the following areas of study: considering the various influencing factors in continuous girder bridge construction control, it puts forth a specific approach; Through the continuous girder bridge cantilever construction of the structure and evolution of the internal forces of progress and regression analysis of the advantages and disadvantages compared to the use of iterative approximation of Construction Control Structure Analysis Method, it suggests continuous girder bridge construction monitoring systems, the construction of the bridge during the actual state of tracking observation, to provide basis for calculation in the construction control; the paper also uses the finite element analysis software, Dr. Bridge, throughout the construction process simulation analysis of the main bridge, calculating pre-parabolic high value; predicting the construction segment deviation in both measured state and ideal state by using grey system, and making timely adjustments.
The measured data of a complete bridge show that the consideration of the main factors in the bridge construction control is comprehensive, calculating parameters are reasonable and grey predictive control system can carry out long-span continuous beam bridge construction control simply and effectively.
引文
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[2]Kodur.V.K.R.,Sultan.M.A.Effect of Temperature on Thermal Properties of High-Strength Concrete.Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2003,15(2):101-108
[3]Charles W.Roeder.Proposed Design Method for Thermal Bridge Movements.Journal of Bridge Engineering,ASCE,2003,8(1):12-19
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[7]范立础.桥梁工程(上).北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[8]顾安邦.桥梁工程(下).北京:人民交通出版社,2000
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[11]雷俊卿.桥梁悬臂施工与设计.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
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[14]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论.北京:人民交通出版让,2001
[15]胡汉舟,叶梅新.桥梁事故及经验教训.桥梁建设,2002(3):71-75
[16]徐君兰.大跨度桥梁施工控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[17]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[18]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析.北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[19]顾安邦,常英,乐云祥.大跨径预应力连续刚构桥施工控制的理论与方法.重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(4):47-53
[20]顾安邦,常英,乐云祥.重庆黄花园嘉陵江大桥施工控制.重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(4):54-60
[21]邓聚龙.灰色控制系统.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[22]曹永岩.现代控制理论的工程应用.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000
[23]何雄君,孙国正.传统灰预测方法的改进及在桥梁工程中的应用.交通科技,2001(4):21-22
[24]张永水,顾安邦.灰色系统理论在连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用.公路,2001(6):42-44
[25]赵经文,王宏任.结构有限元分析.北京:科学出版社,2001
[26]肖汝诚.桥梁结构分析及程序系统.北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[27]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[28]张国庆,田泽民,金太学.混凝土箱梁的温度场.东北公路,1999(3):43-46
[29]王云生.混凝土桥梁设计中的温度效应.国外公路,1995(6):11-16
[30]周牧,宋一凡,赵小星.预应力混凝土桥梁悬臂浇筑的施工控制.长安大学学报,2005,25(6):43-48
[31]徐永明,李坚.大跨径预应力混凝土桥梁施工控制.1995年预应力连续梁和刚构桥学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1995
[2]Kodur.V.K.R.,Sultan.M.A.Effect of Temperature on Thermal Properties of High-Strength Concrete.Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2003,15(2):101-108
[3]Charles W.Roeder.Proposed Design Method for Thermal Bridge Movements.Journal of Bridge Engineering,ASCE,2003,8(1):12-19
[4]Maeda.K,Otsuka.A,Takano.H.The Design and Construction of the Yokohama Bay Bridge[M].Okyo Elsevier Science Publisher,1991:377-395
[5]中华人民共和国交通部部颁标准.公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范(JTG D62-2004).北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[6]中华人民共和国交通部部颁标准.公路桥涵施工技术规范(JTJ 041-2000).北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[7]范立础.桥梁工程(上).北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[8]顾安邦.桥梁工程(下).北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[9]范立础.预应力混凝土连续梁桥.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[10]张继尧,王昌.臂浇筑预应力混凝土连续梁桥.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[11]雷俊卿.桥梁悬臂施工与设计.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[12]郭金琼.箱形梁设计理论.北京:人民交通出版社,1991
[13]徐岳等.预应力混凝土连续梁桥设计.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[14]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论.北京:人民交通出版让,2001
[15]胡汉舟,叶梅新.桥梁事故及经验教训.桥梁建设,2002(3):71-75
[16]徐君兰.大跨度桥梁施工控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[17]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[18]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析.北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[19]顾安邦,常英,乐云祥.大跨径预应力连续刚构桥施工控制的理论与方法.重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(4):47-53
[20]顾安邦,常英,乐云祥.重庆黄花园嘉陵江大桥施工控制.重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(4):54-60
[21]邓聚龙.灰色控制系统.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[22]曹永岩.现代控制理论的工程应用.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000
[23]何雄君,孙国正.传统灰预测方法的改进及在桥梁工程中的应用.交通科技,2001(4):21-22
[24]张永水,顾安邦.灰色系统理论在连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用.公路,2001(6):42-44
[25]赵经文,王宏任.结构有限元分析.北京:科学出版社,2001
[26]肖汝诚.桥梁结构分析及程序系统.北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[27]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[28]张国庆,田泽民,金太学.混凝土箱梁的温度场.东北公路,1999(3):43-46
[29]王云生.混凝土桥梁设计中的温度效应.国外公路,1995(6):11-16
[30]周牧,宋一凡,赵小星.预应力混凝土桥梁悬臂浇筑的施工控制.长安大学学报,2005,25(6):43-48
[31]徐永明,李坚.大跨径预应力混凝土桥梁施工控制.1995年预应力连续梁和刚构桥学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1995