周向浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力场的试验研究及数值模拟
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摘要
哈尔滨锅炉厂引进英国MBEL公司(英巴)公司技术的周向浓淡旋流燃烧器,前后墙对冲布置。在锅炉实际运行中出现了燃烧器附近水冷壁结渣的问题。针对这个问题,结合周向浓淡旋流燃烧器的工作原理,从试验和数值模拟两方面分析产生这些问题的可能原因,建立冷态模化试验台,通过试验和数值模拟的研究,力求寻找可行性方案。
在对周向浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力场试验结果中可以看出,中心回流区分布均不对称,原燃烧器模型当燃烧器中心风率为设计值时,中心回流区起始于燃烧器喷口内,在一次风与内二次风喷口延长线之间,煤粉易在燃烧器预混段内着火燃烧。原燃烧器模型一次风与二次风混和过早,造成携带煤粉的一次风被旋转的中心风和二次风带动旋转,在经过预混段后进入炉膛,易被甩到水冷壁上,造成燃烧器喷口及周围水冷壁的结渣。试验中射流扩展角最大为90°,乙二醇烟雾示踪试验表明各结构的外二次风扩展角差别不大,均在60°左右,不存在气流飞边的现象。将内二次风喷口向炉内推进使得中心回流区逐渐变小,当推进至外二次风扩口后端时中心回流区最小,中心回流区减小则卷吸的高温烟气量也相应减小,有利于减少燃烧器喷口结渣。
从周向浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力场模拟结果中可以得出,通过中心线回流区分布不对称的原因是一次风与燃烧器中心线偏离一定距离切向进入,切向速度沿圆周方向分布不对称,导致整个流场的分布不对称,从而产生了中心回流区分布不对称这一现象。从原型燃烧器喷口处轴向、切向、径向速度分析可知,原型燃烧器喷口结渣的原因同样是一次风在旋转的中心风和内二次风的带动下旋转运动并不断向喷口四周扩散,造成一次风携带的颗粒被甩到燃烧器喷口和水冷壁上,从而造成结渣。切向速度差别不大,原型燃烧器模拟的结构轴向速度衰减的最快,径向速度最大,最容易结渣,而将内二次风喷口向炉内推进,径向速度的绝对值最小,有利于减少结渣,但是不能根除结渣,模拟中同样发现不存在气流飞边的现象。
周向浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力场试验和模拟结果分析,找到了燃烧器附近水冷壁结渣的部分原因,并提出了解决方案,在工程实践中具有一定的指导意义。
The circumferential bias swirl bunner(CBSB) imported from babcock UK by Harbin Boiler Company was applied in the opposed wall firing boiler and caused slagging nearby the burner. Cold model experiments and numerical simulation combined with analyse of the working principle of the CBSB was performed to explore the reasons of this problem and to search for feasible scheme.
Results of the aerodynamic experiments indicate that the central recirculation zone asymmetrically distributes. When the rate of the central air equal to design value, the recirculation zone started in the spout of CBSB, between the elongation line of the primary air and the secondary air spout and the pulverized coal fired easily in the premixing segment. Therefore, the primary air and the secondary air mix in advance ,which prompt the primary air with pulverized coal to rotate with the swiveling central air and secondary air and reach the water-wall after the premixing segment. That’s the reason of slaging in the water-wall around the nozzle of burner. The most expansion angle is 90°in the experiment. It is indicated that the expansion angle of the outer secondary air had little difference in the five Structures, which is about 60°in the smoke tracing experiment. The slagging is not caused by flash. The central recirculation zone became smaller while the nozzle of inner secondary air was moved towards furnace. The least central recirculation zone can be got while the nozzle of inner secondary air was just behind the flaring of outer secondary air. The high temperature flue gas entrained by the central recirculation zone reduces with the decrease of area of the central recirculation zone which helps to reduce slagging.
Results of numerical simulation of the aerodynamic field indicate that the reason of central recirculation zone unsymmetrical distribution is that the primary air is injected to the internal barrel in a tangential direction through the nozzle, and it had a certain distance deviation from the central line of the burner. Along the circumferential direction the tangential velocity distributed unsymmetrically causing the whole aerodynamic unsymmetrical distribution.
According to the figures of the axial velocity, radial velocity, tangential velocity at the nozzle of the CBSB, the conculsion can be drawn that the reason of slagging was also the primary air with pulverized coal driven to rotate with the swiveling central air and secondary air and the pulverized coal continuously diffusing widely near the water-wall. Tangential velocity had little difference. In the Structure 1, the axial velocity was the most fast attenuation, the radial velocity was the highest, it is the easiest slagging. While the nozzle of inner secondary air was moved towards furnace, the absolute value of radial velocity reduces, which is benefital to lessen slagging, but the movement of nozzle of inner secondary air can not eradicate slagging. It was also found that the jet was not flash in the simulation.
This paper studys the results of slagging through the expriments and numerical simulation of the aerodynamic field ,and puts forward solution of slagging, which has important guiding significance and application value in engineering practice.
在对周向浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力场试验结果中可以看出,中心回流区分布均不对称,原燃烧器模型当燃烧器中心风率为设计值时,中心回流区起始于燃烧器喷口内,在一次风与内二次风喷口延长线之间,煤粉易在燃烧器预混段内着火燃烧。原燃烧器模型一次风与二次风混和过早,造成携带煤粉的一次风被旋转的中心风和二次风带动旋转,在经过预混段后进入炉膛,易被甩到水冷壁上,造成燃烧器喷口及周围水冷壁的结渣。试验中射流扩展角最大为90°,乙二醇烟雾示踪试验表明各结构的外二次风扩展角差别不大,均在60°左右,不存在气流飞边的现象。将内二次风喷口向炉内推进使得中心回流区逐渐变小,当推进至外二次风扩口后端时中心回流区最小,中心回流区减小则卷吸的高温烟气量也相应减小,有利于减少燃烧器喷口结渣。
从周向浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力场模拟结果中可以得出,通过中心线回流区分布不对称的原因是一次风与燃烧器中心线偏离一定距离切向进入,切向速度沿圆周方向分布不对称,导致整个流场的分布不对称,从而产生了中心回流区分布不对称这一现象。从原型燃烧器喷口处轴向、切向、径向速度分析可知,原型燃烧器喷口结渣的原因同样是一次风在旋转的中心风和内二次风的带动下旋转运动并不断向喷口四周扩散,造成一次风携带的颗粒被甩到燃烧器喷口和水冷壁上,从而造成结渣。切向速度差别不大,原型燃烧器模拟的结构轴向速度衰减的最快,径向速度最大,最容易结渣,而将内二次风喷口向炉内推进,径向速度的绝对值最小,有利于减少结渣,但是不能根除结渣,模拟中同样发现不存在气流飞边的现象。
周向浓淡旋流燃烧器空气动力场试验和模拟结果分析,找到了燃烧器附近水冷壁结渣的部分原因,并提出了解决方案,在工程实践中具有一定的指导意义。
The circumferential bias swirl bunner(CBSB) imported from babcock UK by Harbin Boiler Company was applied in the opposed wall firing boiler and caused slagging nearby the burner. Cold model experiments and numerical simulation combined with analyse of the working principle of the CBSB was performed to explore the reasons of this problem and to search for feasible scheme.
Results of the aerodynamic experiments indicate that the central recirculation zone asymmetrically distributes. When the rate of the central air equal to design value, the recirculation zone started in the spout of CBSB, between the elongation line of the primary air and the secondary air spout and the pulverized coal fired easily in the premixing segment. Therefore, the primary air and the secondary air mix in advance ,which prompt the primary air with pulverized coal to rotate with the swiveling central air and secondary air and reach the water-wall after the premixing segment. That’s the reason of slaging in the water-wall around the nozzle of burner. The most expansion angle is 90°in the experiment. It is indicated that the expansion angle of the outer secondary air had little difference in the five Structures, which is about 60°in the smoke tracing experiment. The slagging is not caused by flash. The central recirculation zone became smaller while the nozzle of inner secondary air was moved towards furnace. The least central recirculation zone can be got while the nozzle of inner secondary air was just behind the flaring of outer secondary air. The high temperature flue gas entrained by the central recirculation zone reduces with the decrease of area of the central recirculation zone which helps to reduce slagging.
Results of numerical simulation of the aerodynamic field indicate that the reason of central recirculation zone unsymmetrical distribution is that the primary air is injected to the internal barrel in a tangential direction through the nozzle, and it had a certain distance deviation from the central line of the burner. Along the circumferential direction the tangential velocity distributed unsymmetrically causing the whole aerodynamic unsymmetrical distribution.
According to the figures of the axial velocity, radial velocity, tangential velocity at the nozzle of the CBSB, the conculsion can be drawn that the reason of slagging was also the primary air with pulverized coal driven to rotate with the swiveling central air and secondary air and the pulverized coal continuously diffusing widely near the water-wall. Tangential velocity had little difference. In the Structure 1, the axial velocity was the most fast attenuation, the radial velocity was the highest, it is the easiest slagging. While the nozzle of inner secondary air was moved towards furnace, the absolute value of radial velocity reduces, which is benefital to lessen slagging, but the movement of nozzle of inner secondary air can not eradicate slagging. It was also found that the jet was not flash in the simulation.
This paper studys the results of slagging through the expriments and numerical simulation of the aerodynamic field ,and puts forward solution of slagging, which has important guiding significance and application value in engineering practice.
引文
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2张安华.中国电力工业能效问题分析.中国能源, 2006,28(7):16-18 3
3谢秋野,姜士宏,赵敏等.我国发电新技术与展望.电力建设, 2006,27(12):1-5
4 J. Reilly, M. Mayer, J. Harnisch. The Kyoto Protocol and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases and Carbon Sinks. Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 2002,7(4):217-229
5 L. D. Smoot. A Decade of Combustion Research. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1997,23(3):203-232
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