复杂条件下高速公路隧道施工期洞周位移控制基准研究
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摘要
目前,公路隧道设计规范中对于隧道施工期位移控制基准只给出了一般围岩条件下的控制范围,但对于实际工程特别是软岩大变隧道,规范规定的位移控制基准却并不完全适用。本文以广甘高速公路为依托,其全线岩性中以千枚岩为代表的软岩所占比重较高,该类岩石具有强度低、变形大、遇水易软化等特性,且全线滑坡、崩塌、岩溶等多种不良地质现象发育,并穿越5.12汶川特大地震的发震断裂--龙门山断裂带,针对该复杂条件下隧道的施工本文以数值模拟分析和现场试验为研究手段,对广甘高速公路隧道群施工期位移控制基准的建立进行全面系统的研究。主要研究内容如下：
(1)调研总结了国内外隧道工程位移控制基准的影响因素,并根据现场监测数据对不同围岩的物理力学参数进行反演分析,同时结合广甘高速公路隧道群自身的特点,采用数值模拟分析手段从隧道围岩特性、埋深、施工工法及断面形式等4个方面对隧道位移控制基准影响因素的关联性进行探讨。
(2)根据现场试验数据,对软岩隧道施工过程中出现的初支开裂及软岩大变形现象进行深入分析,并对软岩隧道加强支护措施后的围岩变形与支护结构的受力进行研究。同时根据现场监测数据,总结了一般硬岩隧道Ⅱ-Ⅴ级围岩变形规律,为后续隧道位移控制基准的建立提供基础数据。
通过上述研究得到如下结论：
(1)各因素对隧道位移控制基准的影响排序为：围岩类型>隧道埋深>施工工法>断面型式；
(2)针对软岩大变形隧道采用强支护措施能有效抑制隧道变形；
(3)参考国内公路隧道位移控制基准并结合广甘高速公路隧道群自身的特点,针对软硬岩隧道分别提出了相应的允许位移和变形速率控制基准,同时确定了隧道的合理预留变形量。
At present, the deformation control criteria of tunnel was given a certain control range with normal rock conditions in design specification of highway tunnel. But it was not completely suitable for the practical engineering, especially for the soft rock tunnel with large deformation. This thesis relied on the Guanggan highway which the proportion occupied by soft rock was high. And phyllite with features such as low strength, large deformation and soften when encountered the water was the represents of the soft rock. The whole line suffered bad geological phenomena such as landslide, collapse, karst and so on and across Longmenshan fault which was the seismic fault of 5.12 wenchuan earthquake. This thesis carried out a comprehensive and systematic study on the safety control criteria of Guanggan highway for tunnel construction with complex conditions by using the finite element numerical simulation analysis and field test as research means. The main contents were as follows:
(1) The influencing factors were summarized by investigating the safety control criteria for tunnel at home and abroad. The physical and mechanical parameters of different surrounding rock were get by back analysis according to the field monitoring data. Combining with the characteristics of Guanggan highway tunnel, the influencing factors'relevance of deformation control criteria for tunnel was studied on four aspects, including surrounding rock characteristics, buried depth, construction method and section form.
(2)According to field monitor data, the phenomenon including primary support cracking and soft rock large deformation were thoroughly analyzed in soft rock tunnel construction. The deformation of surrounding rock and the mechanical behavior of supporting structure were investigated in soft rock tunnel which reinforced support. The deformation law of II-V grades surrounding rock in hard rock tunnel were summarized, which provided the basic data for setting up the deformation control criteria of subsequent tunnel construction.
The conclusion which got through the study above was as follows:
(1)The influence order of the factors of deformation control criteria for tunnel was:surrounding rock characteristics> buried depth> construction method> section form.
(2)It was effective to inhibit the deformation of soft rock tunnel by reinforcing support.
(3)Referencing to the design specification of highway tunnel and combining with the characteristics of Guanggan highway tunnels, the allowable displacement safety control criteria and deformation rate safety control criteria for soft and hard tunnels were proposed, and the preset deformation was set up as well.
(1)调研总结了国内外隧道工程位移控制基准的影响因素,并根据现场监测数据对不同围岩的物理力学参数进行反演分析,同时结合广甘高速公路隧道群自身的特点,采用数值模拟分析手段从隧道围岩特性、埋深、施工工法及断面形式等4个方面对隧道位移控制基准影响因素的关联性进行探讨。
(2)根据现场试验数据,对软岩隧道施工过程中出现的初支开裂及软岩大变形现象进行深入分析,并对软岩隧道加强支护措施后的围岩变形与支护结构的受力进行研究。同时根据现场监测数据,总结了一般硬岩隧道Ⅱ-Ⅴ级围岩变形规律,为后续隧道位移控制基准的建立提供基础数据。
通过上述研究得到如下结论：
(1)各因素对隧道位移控制基准的影响排序为：围岩类型>隧道埋深>施工工法>断面型式；
(2)针对软岩大变形隧道采用强支护措施能有效抑制隧道变形；
(3)参考国内公路隧道位移控制基准并结合广甘高速公路隧道群自身的特点,针对软硬岩隧道分别提出了相应的允许位移和变形速率控制基准,同时确定了隧道的合理预留变形量。
At present, the deformation control criteria of tunnel was given a certain control range with normal rock conditions in design specification of highway tunnel. But it was not completely suitable for the practical engineering, especially for the soft rock tunnel with large deformation. This thesis relied on the Guanggan highway which the proportion occupied by soft rock was high. And phyllite with features such as low strength, large deformation and soften when encountered the water was the represents of the soft rock. The whole line suffered bad geological phenomena such as landslide, collapse, karst and so on and across Longmenshan fault which was the seismic fault of 5.12 wenchuan earthquake. This thesis carried out a comprehensive and systematic study on the safety control criteria of Guanggan highway for tunnel construction with complex conditions by using the finite element numerical simulation analysis and field test as research means. The main contents were as follows:
(1) The influencing factors were summarized by investigating the safety control criteria for tunnel at home and abroad. The physical and mechanical parameters of different surrounding rock were get by back analysis according to the field monitoring data. Combining with the characteristics of Guanggan highway tunnel, the influencing factors'relevance of deformation control criteria for tunnel was studied on four aspects, including surrounding rock characteristics, buried depth, construction method and section form.
(2)According to field monitor data, the phenomenon including primary support cracking and soft rock large deformation were thoroughly analyzed in soft rock tunnel construction. The deformation of surrounding rock and the mechanical behavior of supporting structure were investigated in soft rock tunnel which reinforced support. The deformation law of II-V grades surrounding rock in hard rock tunnel were summarized, which provided the basic data for setting up the deformation control criteria of subsequent tunnel construction.
The conclusion which got through the study above was as follows:
(1)The influence order of the factors of deformation control criteria for tunnel was:surrounding rock characteristics> buried depth> construction method> section form.
(2)It was effective to inhibit the deformation of soft rock tunnel by reinforcing support.
(3)Referencing to the design specification of highway tunnel and combining with the characteristics of Guanggan highway tunnels, the allowable displacement safety control criteria and deformation rate safety control criteria for soft and hard tunnels were proposed, and the preset deformation was set up as well.
引文
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[4].俞喻.挤压性围岩支护大变形的机理及判定方法[J].世界隧道,1998.2,(1)
[5].张社道.家竹等隧道施工中支护大变形的整治,世界隧道,1987,(1)
[6].卿三惠,黄润秋 乌鞘岭特长隧道软弱围岩大变形特性研究[J].现代隧道技术2005.4
[7].景诗庭 朱永全 宋玉香.隧道结构可靠度[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2002：89
[8].张洋 工程软弱围岩大控制体系研究[D]成都：西南交通大学土木工程学院,2006
[9].薛光桥 基于数值模拟和监测监控的隧道围岩稳定性判定方法的研究[D]武汉：武汉理工大学交通学院,2005
[10].朱永全,张素敏,景诗庭 铁路隧道初期支护极限位移的意义及确定[J]岩石力学与工程学报2005,24(9)1594-1598
[11].李晓红 王宏图 贾剑青等 隧道及地下工程围岩稳定性及可靠性分析的极限位移判别[J]岩土力学2005,26(6)850-584
[12].申玉生 赵玉光 双连拱隧道水平收敛位移控制基准研究[J]公路隧道2006(3)1-5
[13].张长亮 基于监控量测与数值分析的隧道围岩稳定性判定方法研究[D]重庆：重庆交通大学,2008
[14].王明年 路军富 张建国等 大断面海底隧道施工安全判定基准及应用[J]岩土工程学报2010,32(6)867-873
[15].李红军 内昆铁路大跨隧道监控量测技术及管理基准的制定[J]现代隧道技术2001,38(6)34-39
[16].林宝龙,贾晓云,李文江 乌鞘岭隧道岭脊段极限位移及变形控制基准的研究[J]建井技术,2007,28(1)20-23
[17].关宝树编著.隧道工程设计要点集[M].人民交通出版社,2003
[18].曾艳华 王明年等 计算机在地下工程中的应用[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2004,200-202
[19].潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1996
[20].葛家良 陆士良.巷道锚注加固技术及其效果的研究[J]化工矿山技术,26(2),1997.13-16
[21].张玉祥,陆士良等.综放回采巷道支护机理及实践[J],矿山压力与顶板管理,3,1997.86-88
[22].何川 林刚 汪会帮 公路双连拱隧道[M]人民交通出版社2006.1
[23].赵明阶,徐容,许锡宾.岩溶区全断面开挖隧道围岩变形特征模拟[J].同济大学学报.2004,第32卷(6)
[24].靳晓光,李晓红,亢会明.高地应力区山岭公路隧道围岩稳定性位移判据探讨[J].重庆大学建筑工程学院学报,2001,9-13
[25].中华人民共和国行业标准.公路隧道设计规范JTG D70—2004[S].中华人民共和国交通部发布,人民交通出版社,2004
[26].铁道部基本建设总局.铁路隧道新奥法指南[M].中国铁道出版社,1988
[27]. Housner G W, Bergman LA, Caughey T K, etc. al. Structural Control:Past, Present, and Future [J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics 1997,123(9):897-971
[28]. Li H N, Li D S, Song G B. Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering[J] Engineering Structure 2004 26(11) 1647-1657
[29]. Wu Z S Structure health monitoring and intelligent infrastructures in Japan[A]. Wu, Z. S., Abe, M. Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructures [C]. Tokyo Japan A.A. BALKEMA PUBLISHERS,2003.153-167
[30]. Vohra S, Johnson, G., Todd, M. et al. Distributed strain monitoring with arrays of fiber Bragg grating sensors on an in-construction steel box-girder bridge [J]. IEICE Transactions on Electron,2000.E83-C
[31]. Eraud J. SNCF Policy in the Field of Inspection Maintenance and Renewal of Tunnels. Travaux,1984585:28-38
[32]. Ikuma M. Maintenance of the undersea section of the Seikan Tunnel. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2005 20(2):143-149
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