港湾式公交停靠站设置问题研究
摘要
优先发展城市公共交通是解决大中城市交通问题的重要措施，港湾式公交停靠站是其中的一个重要环节，它的设置无疑对城市交通的安全、高效都起到促进作用。
但是港湾式公交停靠站是一个永久性的工程，需要一定的投资，所以投资港湾式公交停靠站应当经过一定的计算后方可付诸实施。一般来说，港湾式公交停靠站的设置问题包括必要性、间距和通行能力等基本要素，有必要对以上要素进行研究，从而使港湾式公交停靠站在规划、建设、运营等三个环节上收到最大的效益。
本论文通过对公交车辆停靠过程的分析，在速度、交通流量和投资额度三者之间建立了一种函数关系，并通过经济效益评价的方法来验证港湾式公交停靠站投资的必要性。
通过对公交车辆从起点到终点的行程时间的精确分析，在交叉路口数量、公交停靠站数量和运营车辆数量之间建立了一种函数关系，使应用者可以根据自己的财政状况科学地规划港湾式公交停靠站的设置数量。
如果港湾式公交停靠站的通行能力不足，将导致停靠站附近公交车辆排队，造成拥挤。本论文在分析公交车辆在停靠站处的行驶特性后提出了港湾式公交停靠站的通行能力公式，目的是要每一个港湾式公交停靠站的建设都科学合理。
Bus priority is one of the most important measures to resolve traffic problem in cities. Bus bay stop is a key link in it. It's in no doubt that it will promote the safety and efficient of city traffic to establish it.
But bus bay stop is a permanent project, which needs investment. So it will be put into practice after some calculation for us to invest for the bus bay stop. Generally, the matter of bus bay stop setting includes necessity, bus stop spacing and capacity etc. It's necessary for us to study factors above in order to gain the most benefit in planning, constructing and running.
A function among speed, capacity and investment is set up in this thesis by analyzing the process of stopping. We verifying the necessity of this investment in it by economic evaluation
A function among the amount of intersection, bus stop and vehicle is established by analyzing travel time of bus from origin to destination. Users can set their stops reasonably by analyzing their financial power.
Inadequate capacity of bus bay stop will result in the queuing and congestion of buses at bus stop. The formula of capacity of bus bay stop is presented after analyzing the running character of bys at bus stop. Every bus bay stop can established reasonable by it.
但是港湾式公交停靠站是一个永久性的工程，需要一定的投资，所以投资港湾式公交停靠站应当经过一定的计算后方可付诸实施。一般来说，港湾式公交停靠站的设置问题包括必要性、间距和通行能力等基本要素，有必要对以上要素进行研究，从而使港湾式公交停靠站在规划、建设、运营等三个环节上收到最大的效益。
本论文通过对公交车辆停靠过程的分析，在速度、交通流量和投资额度三者之间建立了一种函数关系，并通过经济效益评价的方法来验证港湾式公交停靠站投资的必要性。
通过对公交车辆从起点到终点的行程时间的精确分析，在交叉路口数量、公交停靠站数量和运营车辆数量之间建立了一种函数关系，使应用者可以根据自己的财政状况科学地规划港湾式公交停靠站的设置数量。
如果港湾式公交停靠站的通行能力不足，将导致停靠站附近公交车辆排队，造成拥挤。本论文在分析公交车辆在停靠站处的行驶特性后提出了港湾式公交停靠站的通行能力公式，目的是要每一个港湾式公交停靠站的建设都科学合理。
Bus priority is one of the most important measures to resolve traffic problem in cities. Bus bay stop is a key link in it. It's in no doubt that it will promote the safety and efficient of city traffic to establish it.
But bus bay stop is a permanent project, which needs investment. So it will be put into practice after some calculation for us to invest for the bus bay stop. Generally, the matter of bus bay stop setting includes necessity, bus stop spacing and capacity etc. It's necessary for us to study factors above in order to gain the most benefit in planning, constructing and running.
A function among speed, capacity and investment is set up in this thesis by analyzing the process of stopping. We verifying the necessity of this investment in it by economic evaluation
A function among the amount of intersection, bus stop and vehicle is established by analyzing travel time of bus from origin to destination. Users can set their stops reasonably by analyzing their financial power.
Inadequate capacity of bus bay stop will result in the queuing and congestion of buses at bus stop. The formula of capacity of bus bay stop is presented after analyzing the running character of bys at bus stop. Every bus bay stop can established reasonable by it.
引文
1 J. P. Lebacque, J. B. Lesort, F. Giorgi. Introducing Buses into First-Order Macroscopic Flow Models. Transportation Research Record 1644. 1998: 70-80
2 S. C. Wong, Hai Yang, W. S. Au Yeung, S. L. Cheuk and M. K. Lo. Delay at Signal-Controlled Intersection with Bus Stop Upstream. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 1998
3 Herbert S. Levinson, Kevin R. St. Jacques, P. E. Bus Lane Capacity Revisited. TRB the 77th. 1998
4 刘安 公交车停靠站位置分布的研究。《中国交通工程》1995(2)
5 谭满春，徐建闽，毛宗源 城市公共汽车停靠点选址模型 《公路交通科技》1999．16(2)
6 彭国雄，莫汉康 城市公交停靠站设置常见问题及对策 《交通运输工程学报》2001
7 GB50220-95《城市道路交通规划设计规范》中国计划出版社 1995
8 [日]饭田恭敬 《交通工程学》人民交通出版社 1994
9 Larry A. Bowmen and Mark A. Turquoise. Service Frequency, Schedule Reliability and Passenger Wait Times at Transit Stops. Transport Research part A 1981 (6)
10 辽宁省建设厅 财政厅 《辽宁省统一市政工程预算定额》沈阳出版社
11 营口市建设工程造价管理处《营口地区2002年建筑安装、装饰、市政工程取费程序表》
12 国家计委 《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》1993
13 哈尔滨工业大学 营口市城市规划院《营口市交通规划》1996
14 营口市公共汽车总公司 《2002年春季运营调度表》
15 营口市统计局 《2001年营口市国民经济统计》
16 辽宁省规划设计院 《营口市城区道路综合改造工程可行性研究报告》1999
17 Anthony A. Saka. Model for Determining Optimun Bus-Stop Spacing in Urban Areas. Journal of Transportation Engineering 1988 114(3)
18 Visual FoxPro是Microsoft Corporation开发的软件名称
19 申立新译 《Visual FoxPro编程实用手册》1993
20 任福田等译 (美国)《道路通行能力手册》中国建筑工业出版社 1991
21 王炜，杨新苗《城市公共交通规划方法与管理技术》科学出版社 2002
2 S. C. Wong, Hai Yang, W. S. Au Yeung, S. L. Cheuk and M. K. Lo. Delay at Signal-Controlled Intersection with Bus Stop Upstream. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 1998
3 Herbert S. Levinson, Kevin R. St. Jacques, P. E. Bus Lane Capacity Revisited. TRB the 77th. 1998
4 刘安 公交车停靠站位置分布的研究。《中国交通工程》1995(2)
5 谭满春，徐建闽，毛宗源 城市公共汽车停靠点选址模型 《公路交通科技》1999．16(2)
6 彭国雄，莫汉康 城市公交停靠站设置常见问题及对策 《交通运输工程学报》2001
7 GB50220-95《城市道路交通规划设计规范》中国计划出版社 1995
8 [日]饭田恭敬 《交通工程学》人民交通出版社 1994
9 Larry A. Bowmen and Mark A. Turquoise. Service Frequency, Schedule Reliability and Passenger Wait Times at Transit Stops. Transport Research part A 1981 (6)
10 辽宁省建设厅 财政厅 《辽宁省统一市政工程预算定额》沈阳出版社
11 营口市建设工程造价管理处《营口地区2002年建筑安装、装饰、市政工程取费程序表》
12 国家计委 《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》1993
13 哈尔滨工业大学 营口市城市规划院《营口市交通规划》1996
14 营口市公共汽车总公司 《2002年春季运营调度表》
15 营口市统计局 《2001年营口市国民经济统计》
16 辽宁省规划设计院 《营口市城区道路综合改造工程可行性研究报告》1999
17 Anthony A. Saka. Model for Determining Optimun Bus-Stop Spacing in Urban Areas. Journal of Transportation Engineering 1988 114(3)
18 Visual FoxPro是Microsoft Corporation开发的软件名称
19 申立新译 《Visual FoxPro编程实用手册》1993
20 任福田等译 (美国)《道路通行能力手册》中国建筑工业出版社 1991
21 王炜，杨新苗《城市公共交通规划方法与管理技术》科学出版社 2002