移动通信中MIMO系统的线性预编码技术研究
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摘要
多输入多输出(MIMO)技术是第三代和未来移动通信系统在给定的频谱范围内实现高速率数据传输、提高数据传输质量的重要途径。本文对MIMO系统中的线性预编码技术进行了深入研究,主要工作如下:
1.平坦瑞利衰落信道中的线性疏散码设计:首先提出了在平坦快衰落信道环境下线性疏散码的设计准则。通过对快衰落信道和准静态衰落信道下线性疏散码的成对错误概率的分析,比较了快衰落信道和准静态衰落信道下线性疏散码的分集度及编码增益,证明了线性疏散码在快衰落信道中的性能优于准静态衰落信道下的性能。推导了快衰落信道下线性疏散码的最小编码增益界,并根据此最小编码增益界确定了优化准则进行优化搜索。计算机仿真证明通过该搜索法搜索到的线性疏散码有很好的误比特性能。针对一般时间相关平坦衰落信道,提出了引入符号交织的线性疏散码编码方案。通过在线性疏散码编码器后加一个符号交织器,可以将一般时间相关平坦衰落信道下线性疏散码的信号模型转化为等效的平坦快衰落信道下的信号模型,线性疏散码的优化设计转化为快衰落信道下的线性疏散码设计。
2.MIMO-OFDM系统的空频线性疏散码设计:针对频率选择性衰落信道下的MIMO-OFDM系统,提出了分组空频线性疏散码的设计方法。分析比较了连续分组和抽取分组空频线性疏散码的成对错误概率,并根据子载波相关性给出了子载波抽取分组的方法。对于多径衰落下的MIMO-OFDM系统,通过子载波分组的方法可以把空频线性疏散码的优化设计转化为平坦快衰落信道下的空时线性疏散码设计。
3.空间复用MIMO系统线性预编码算法研究:针对空间复用MIMO系统,提出了基于最大似然检测准则的子信道码距分配线性预编码算法,并分两种情况研究了子信道码距分配预编码算法。当发射机知道MIMO信道的完全信息时,根据等效子信道传输模型构造了线性预编码矩阵。分析表明给定信道样本下的系统成对错误概率由各子信道分配的码距所决定,在此基础上给出了码距分配矩阵的构造方法和优化准则,讨论了线性增益码距分配预编码和等增益码距分配预编码两种码距分配预编码方法。当MIMO信道衰落系数存在空间相关性时,给出了发射机只知道MIMO信道相关信息时的子信道码距分配预编码算法。
4.基于串行干扰抵消检测技术的V-BLAST系统的线性预编码算法:在具有空间相关性的MIMO信道环境下,提出了解相关和功率分配联合预编码算法来提高V-BLAST系统的误比特性能。接着给出了另一种基于串行干扰抵消检测技术的V-BLAST系统的线性预编码方法——直接矩阵预编码。直接矩阵预编码直接从成对错误概率性能角度出发,对参数化的预编码矩阵进行实时优化。论文分别给出了两发射天线及更多发射天线V-BLAST系统最优预编码矩阵的简化搜索方法。
MIMO techniques are key schemes for achieving high data rate and performance in 3G mobile communications and beyond. In this dissertation, we mainly focus on the topics of linear space-time precoding. The main contents are as follows:
1. Design of Linear dispersion codes in flat Rayleigh fading channels. Firstly, we study the linear dispersion codes design in flat fast fading channels. We analyze the pairwise error probability of linear dispersion codes in fast and quasi-static fading channels, and compare the diversity order and code gain of linear dispersion codes in fast and quasi-static fading channels. It is proved that the performance of linear dispersion codes is better in fast fading channels. We deduce the minimum code gain bound of linear dispersion codes in fast fading channels, and determine the optimization criterion to search optimal code according to the minimum code gain bound. Simulations demonstrate that the linear dispersion codes obtained by computer search have good performance. Secondly, a linear dispersion codes transmit scheme with symbol interleaver is proposed for general time correlated flat fading channels. By introducing a symbol interleaver after encoder of linear dispersion codes, the original system model can be regarded as equivalent system model in fast fading channels. Thus, the optimization of linear dispersion codes in general time correlated flat fading channels is turned to the optimization for flat fast fading channels.
2. Design of space-frequency linear dispersion codes for MIMO-OFDM systems. Grouping space-frequency linear dispersion code is proposed for MIMO-OFDM systems in frequency selective fading channels. We analyze the pairwise error probability of grouping space-frequency linear dispersion codes and give thesubcarrier grouping method based on the channel frequency domain correlation. For MIMO-OFDM systems in frequency selective channels, the optimization design of grouping space-frequency linear dispersion codes is turned to the optimization for flat fast fading channels.
3. Precoding based on code distance allocation for spatial multiplexing MIMO systems. Based on ML detection, subchannel code distance allocation precoding is proposed for spatial multiplexing MIMO systems. We discuss the precoding algorithms in two cases. When full channel information is available at the transmitter, we give the structure of linear precoding matrix. The analysis shows that pairwise error probability of precoded spatial multiplexing MIMO systems is determined by the minimum code distance allocated to each subchannel. The construction method and optimization criterion of code distance allocation matrix is given. Equal gain allocation and linear gain allocation precoding methods are discussed. In spatial fading correlated MIMO channels, we also give the subchannel code distance allocation precoding algorithms when spatial fading correlation is known at the transmitter.
4. Linear precoding for V-BLAST based on OSIC detection. For spatial fading correlated MIMO channel, we first propose decorrelation and power allocation joint precoding to improve BER performance of V-BLAST systems. Another direct matrix precoding algorithm is also proposed for V-BLAST systems using OSIC detection to optimize precoding matrix directly based on pairwise error probability. We give the search methods for optimal precoding matrix for V-BLAST system with two and more transmit antennas respectively
1.平坦瑞利衰落信道中的线性疏散码设计:首先提出了在平坦快衰落信道环境下线性疏散码的设计准则。通过对快衰落信道和准静态衰落信道下线性疏散码的成对错误概率的分析,比较了快衰落信道和准静态衰落信道下线性疏散码的分集度及编码增益,证明了线性疏散码在快衰落信道中的性能优于准静态衰落信道下的性能。推导了快衰落信道下线性疏散码的最小编码增益界,并根据此最小编码增益界确定了优化准则进行优化搜索。计算机仿真证明通过该搜索法搜索到的线性疏散码有很好的误比特性能。针对一般时间相关平坦衰落信道,提出了引入符号交织的线性疏散码编码方案。通过在线性疏散码编码器后加一个符号交织器,可以将一般时间相关平坦衰落信道下线性疏散码的信号模型转化为等效的平坦快衰落信道下的信号模型,线性疏散码的优化设计转化为快衰落信道下的线性疏散码设计。
2.MIMO-OFDM系统的空频线性疏散码设计:针对频率选择性衰落信道下的MIMO-OFDM系统,提出了分组空频线性疏散码的设计方法。分析比较了连续分组和抽取分组空频线性疏散码的成对错误概率,并根据子载波相关性给出了子载波抽取分组的方法。对于多径衰落下的MIMO-OFDM系统,通过子载波分组的方法可以把空频线性疏散码的优化设计转化为平坦快衰落信道下的空时线性疏散码设计。
3.空间复用MIMO系统线性预编码算法研究:针对空间复用MIMO系统,提出了基于最大似然检测准则的子信道码距分配线性预编码算法,并分两种情况研究了子信道码距分配预编码算法。当发射机知道MIMO信道的完全信息时,根据等效子信道传输模型构造了线性预编码矩阵。分析表明给定信道样本下的系统成对错误概率由各子信道分配的码距所决定,在此基础上给出了码距分配矩阵的构造方法和优化准则,讨论了线性增益码距分配预编码和等增益码距分配预编码两种码距分配预编码方法。当MIMO信道衰落系数存在空间相关性时,给出了发射机只知道MIMO信道相关信息时的子信道码距分配预编码算法。
4.基于串行干扰抵消检测技术的V-BLAST系统的线性预编码算法:在具有空间相关性的MIMO信道环境下,提出了解相关和功率分配联合预编码算法来提高V-BLAST系统的误比特性能。接着给出了另一种基于串行干扰抵消检测技术的V-BLAST系统的线性预编码方法——直接矩阵预编码。直接矩阵预编码直接从成对错误概率性能角度出发,对参数化的预编码矩阵进行实时优化。论文分别给出了两发射天线及更多发射天线V-BLAST系统最优预编码矩阵的简化搜索方法。
MIMO techniques are key schemes for achieving high data rate and performance in 3G mobile communications and beyond. In this dissertation, we mainly focus on the topics of linear space-time precoding. The main contents are as follows:
1. Design of Linear dispersion codes in flat Rayleigh fading channels. Firstly, we study the linear dispersion codes design in flat fast fading channels. We analyze the pairwise error probability of linear dispersion codes in fast and quasi-static fading channels, and compare the diversity order and code gain of linear dispersion codes in fast and quasi-static fading channels. It is proved that the performance of linear dispersion codes is better in fast fading channels. We deduce the minimum code gain bound of linear dispersion codes in fast fading channels, and determine the optimization criterion to search optimal code according to the minimum code gain bound. Simulations demonstrate that the linear dispersion codes obtained by computer search have good performance. Secondly, a linear dispersion codes transmit scheme with symbol interleaver is proposed for general time correlated flat fading channels. By introducing a symbol interleaver after encoder of linear dispersion codes, the original system model can be regarded as equivalent system model in fast fading channels. Thus, the optimization of linear dispersion codes in general time correlated flat fading channels is turned to the optimization for flat fast fading channels.
2. Design of space-frequency linear dispersion codes for MIMO-OFDM systems. Grouping space-frequency linear dispersion code is proposed for MIMO-OFDM systems in frequency selective fading channels. We analyze the pairwise error probability of grouping space-frequency linear dispersion codes and give thesubcarrier grouping method based on the channel frequency domain correlation. For MIMO-OFDM systems in frequency selective channels, the optimization design of grouping space-frequency linear dispersion codes is turned to the optimization for flat fast fading channels.
3. Precoding based on code distance allocation for spatial multiplexing MIMO systems. Based on ML detection, subchannel code distance allocation precoding is proposed for spatial multiplexing MIMO systems. We discuss the precoding algorithms in two cases. When full channel information is available at the transmitter, we give the structure of linear precoding matrix. The analysis shows that pairwise error probability of precoded spatial multiplexing MIMO systems is determined by the minimum code distance allocated to each subchannel. The construction method and optimization criterion of code distance allocation matrix is given. Equal gain allocation and linear gain allocation precoding methods are discussed. In spatial fading correlated MIMO channels, we also give the subchannel code distance allocation precoding algorithms when spatial fading correlation is known at the transmitter.
4. Linear precoding for V-BLAST based on OSIC detection. For spatial fading correlated MIMO channel, we first propose decorrelation and power allocation joint precoding to improve BER performance of V-BLAST systems. Another direct matrix precoding algorithm is also proposed for V-BLAST systems using OSIC detection to optimize precoding matrix directly based on pairwise error probability. We give the search methods for optimal precoding matrix for V-BLAST system with two and more transmit antennas respectively
引文
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