面向制造设备的嵌入式Agent技术的研究和开发
|
摘要
为适应全球化竞争和市场快速响应性的需要,要求制造系统具有一定的柔性、智能性和快速响应性。应用人工智能领域的Agent技术构建的分布式网络化制造系统是满足这些要求的其中一种实现模式,在这种模式下,每台设备,制造单元都有各自的Agent作为其对外交互的代表,并通过它们实现彼此间的信息交互和协调。
本论文以多Agent系统中的底层设备为研究对象,将Agent作为设备对外交互的代表,实现设备与制造单元内其他设备间信息交互。系统以嵌入式微控制器ARM作为硬件核心,嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II为软件平台,同时根据需要对操作系统进行相应扩充,加入TCP/IP协议栈以作为实现网络通信的基础。在嵌入式软硬件平台的基础上实现设备Agent的基本功能,主要是基于TCP协议实现设备在制造网络中获取任务,资源共享,相互协调和合作的功能。嵌入式Agent作为设备对外交互的代表,将使得加工设备无需花费额外的时间处理涉外事宜,保证加工的实时性,系统中的设备将通过各自的Agent实现彼此间的信息交互和协调。为便于设备状态的查询和系统参数的设置,在嵌入式Agent端开发出了基于B/S模式的WEB服务器程序,为便于系统信息的传递,在上位机端和嵌入式Agent端分别开发出了基于C/S模式的客户端和服务器软件,以充分发挥嵌入式系统和上位控制机各自的优势。最后对基于该方案实现的系统进行了试验和测试,结果表明嵌入式Agent实现了预期的功能,系统具有一定的动态适应性。
In order to adapt to the global competition and rapid market responsiveness, the manufacturing system must have the ability of flexibility, intelligence and reconfigurability. The distributed networked system making use of the technology of Agent in the area of AI is one of the realization ways. In this system, every equipment or manufacturing cell equips with an agent, which servers as an outside representative of them to realize the communication between them through the network.
This paper researches the bottom equipment of the Agent-based system, equipped them with the agent to realized the communication between each other. The agent composites of the hardware and software, and uses microcontroller ARM as the hardware core and adoptμC/OS-II as the operating system. What is more, in order to meet the need of network communication, the TCP/IP protocol stack is extended into the OS. The main task of the realization agent in the embedded platform is to programming the program to realize the function of sharing the task and resources. In order to inquiring the status of equipment and setting the parameters easily, the HTTP server is developed in the embedded system. The client and server software is also developed to fulfill the task of information communication in the embedded system and controller computer separately. The system realized based on the embedded agents has tested and the result of it proved that the embedded agent accomplished the prospected functions.
本论文以多Agent系统中的底层设备为研究对象,将Agent作为设备对外交互的代表,实现设备与制造单元内其他设备间信息交互。系统以嵌入式微控制器ARM作为硬件核心,嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II为软件平台,同时根据需要对操作系统进行相应扩充,加入TCP/IP协议栈以作为实现网络通信的基础。在嵌入式软硬件平台的基础上实现设备Agent的基本功能,主要是基于TCP协议实现设备在制造网络中获取任务,资源共享,相互协调和合作的功能。嵌入式Agent作为设备对外交互的代表,将使得加工设备无需花费额外的时间处理涉外事宜,保证加工的实时性,系统中的设备将通过各自的Agent实现彼此间的信息交互和协调。为便于设备状态的查询和系统参数的设置,在嵌入式Agent端开发出了基于B/S模式的WEB服务器程序,为便于系统信息的传递,在上位机端和嵌入式Agent端分别开发出了基于C/S模式的客户端和服务器软件,以充分发挥嵌入式系统和上位控制机各自的优势。最后对基于该方案实现的系统进行了试验和测试,结果表明嵌入式Agent实现了预期的功能,系统具有一定的动态适应性。
In order to adapt to the global competition and rapid market responsiveness, the manufacturing system must have the ability of flexibility, intelligence and reconfigurability. The distributed networked system making use of the technology of Agent in the area of AI is one of the realization ways. In this system, every equipment or manufacturing cell equips with an agent, which servers as an outside representative of them to realize the communication between them through the network.
This paper researches the bottom equipment of the Agent-based system, equipped them with the agent to realized the communication between each other. The agent composites of the hardware and software, and uses microcontroller ARM as the hardware core and adoptμC/OS-II as the operating system. What is more, in order to meet the need of network communication, the TCP/IP protocol stack is extended into the OS. The main task of the realization agent in the embedded platform is to programming the program to realize the function of sharing the task and resources. In order to inquiring the status of equipment and setting the parameters easily, the HTTP server is developed in the embedded system. The client and server software is also developed to fulfill the task of information communication in the embedded system and controller computer separately. The system realized based on the embedded agents has tested and the result of it proved that the embedded agent accomplished the prospected functions.
引文
[1] Nagel R N.21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy. Bethehem: Iacocco Institute,Lehigh University,1992
[2] Gunasekaran A. Agile Manufacturing Enablers and an Implementation Framework. Int. J. Prod. Res, 1998, 36(5): 1223-1247
[3] Camarinha-Matos L M, Afsarmanesh H ,Garita C. Towards an Architecture for Virtual Enterprises. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1998, (9): 189-199
[4]张伯鹏,汪劲松,郑力等.先进制造技术基础研究现状及发展趋势.中国机械工程,1997,8(2):60-63
[5]雷源忠.跨世纪先进制造技术基础研究.中国机械工程,1996,7(6):14-17
[6] Wilson, John L, Chenggang Shi. Coordination Mechanisms for Cooperative Design. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 1996,9(4): 453-461
[7]赵东标,朱剑英.智能制造技术与系统的发展与研究.中国机械工程,1999,10(8):927-931.
[8] Zimmer, Kirstin. Supply Chain Coordination with Uncertain Just-in-Time Delivery. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002,77(1): 1-15
[9] García-Dastugue, Sebastián J, Lambert Douglas M. Internet-Enabled Coordination in The Supply Chain. Industrial Marketing Management, 2003,32(3): 251-26
[10]张智勇.支持网络协作的敏捷化智能制造单元的研究:[博士论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2003
[11] Ndumu D. T,Nwana H. S. Research and Development Challenges for Agent-Based Systems. IEE Proc.-Software. Engineering,1997,144(1):2-10
[12] Laufmann S.C. Toward Agent-Based Software Engineering for Information-Dependent Enterprise Applications.IEE Proc.-Software. Engineering,1997,144(1):38-50
[13] Tso S.K, Lau, Henry Ho ea al.Coordination and Monitoring in An Intelligent Global Manufacturing Service System. Computers in Industry,2000,43(1): 83-95
[14]张洁,高亮,李培根.多Agent技术在先进制造中的应用.北京:科学出版社,2004
[15]史忠植.智能主体及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000
[16]蒋鹏,黄贤英.嵌入式智能代理技术的应用研究.微计算机信息,2005,21(5):123-124
[17]李宏伟,王太勇等.基于嵌入式微控制器核心和层次化网络监控机制的开放结构数控系统的构建.振动与冲击,2003,22(1):47-49
[18]周祖德,刘泉,龙毅宏等.嵌入式技术与数字制造.数字制造科学(网络版),http://www.digimanusci.com,2004
[19] Richard Curless. Get Smart. http://www.fandmmag.com,2003
[20] NIST. Smart machine tools. http://www.mel.nist.gov,2003
[21] J.Michaloski, F.Proctor, H.Dominguez et al. Improving CNC Machining Accuracy through Thermal Model Based Control. Proceedings of JUSFA’04 2004 Japan–USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, USA, 2004
[22] Pamela Smith. Cincinnati Lamb Previews the Future of Manufacturing through Its“Get Smart”Booth Demonstration. http://www.CincinnatiLamb.com,2004
[23] NIST.Smart Machine. http://www.mikron-ac.com,2003
[24]马艳娣.铣削技术领域的革命——智能加工.机械工人(冷加工),2004,(7):12-13
[25] Robert B.Jerard, Barry K.Fussell, Min Xu et al. Smart Machine Tool Architecture. http://www.unh.edu/dml/publications,2005
[26]李圣怡.智能制造技术与智能制造系统.国防科技大学报,1995,17(2):1-11
[27]梁建成,李圣怡,温熙森.机床智能加工的体系结构.国防科技大学学报,1994,16(2):24-28
[28]石磊,杨叔子,刘延林等.一种智能加工中心的设计与原型构造.华中理工大学学报,1995,23(6):66-69
[29]罗欣,吴雅,李斌等.基于RISC技术的智能数控系统体系结构研究.华中理工大学学报,1995,23(6):57-61
[30] Lee Gan Ping,Lee Ming,Shao Hui He et al. Networked Intelligent Controller Based on Embedded System.IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference) IECON 2004 - 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. United States: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,2004,3:2942-2945.
[31] Hani Hagras, Victor Callaghan, Martin Colley.Intelligent Embedded Agents. Information Sciences,2005,171(4),289–292
[32] Hagras Han, Callaghan, Victo,Colley et al. Creating an Ambient-intelligence Environment Using Embedded Agents. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2004,19(6):12-20
[33] Sue Sharples, Vic Callaghan, Graham Clarke.A Multi-Agent Architecture for Intelligent Building Sensing and Control. International Sensor Review,1999
[34] Hani Hagras, Martin Colley, Victor Callaghan.Life Long Learning and Adaptation for Embedded Agents Operating in Unstructured Environments. Joint 9th IFSA World Congress and 20th NAFIPS International Conference. Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2001,3:1547-1552
[35] Davidsson Paul, Wernstedt, Fredrik.Life Embedded Agents for District Heating Management.Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. United States: Association for Computing Machinery,2004,3:1148-1155
[36]周晓军,奚立峰,李杰.基于嵌入式智能代理的适应式远程诊断技术.计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(8):1015-1020
[37]张蕾,曹其新,李杰等.面向智能维护的嵌入式无线预诊断智能体技术.机械设计与研究,2004,20(2):64-66
[38]王红展.基于嵌入式实时操作系统的ARM控制平台的实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004
[39]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[40] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II(第2版).邵贝贝等译.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[41]任哲.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II原理与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[42]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发——基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-II实时操作系统.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[43]陈艳美.嵌入式水情测报系统的网络通信技术研究:[硕士论文].南京:河海大学,2005
[44] W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP详解卷1:协议.范建华等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[45]昌城IT网.C/S模式与B/S模式的比较分析. http://www.web-cn.com.cn,2005
[46]周立功等. ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[47]郭晓鹏,李存斌. Visual C++高级编程及其项目应用开发.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[48]龚建伟,熊光明. Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[49]王崇泉.嵌入式WEB服务器:[硕士论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[50]谢希仁.计算机网络.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[51]张曦煌,柴志雷.嵌入式WEB服务器中CGI的特点和实现.小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(11):2046-2048
[52]洪锦魁.精通HTML(彩色版) 15与服务器的互动(二)-CGI程序.西安:世界图书出版西安公司,2000
[2] Gunasekaran A. Agile Manufacturing Enablers and an Implementation Framework. Int. J. Prod. Res, 1998, 36(5): 1223-1247
[3] Camarinha-Matos L M, Afsarmanesh H ,Garita C. Towards an Architecture for Virtual Enterprises. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1998, (9): 189-199
[4]张伯鹏,汪劲松,郑力等.先进制造技术基础研究现状及发展趋势.中国机械工程,1997,8(2):60-63
[5]雷源忠.跨世纪先进制造技术基础研究.中国机械工程,1996,7(6):14-17
[6] Wilson, John L, Chenggang Shi. Coordination Mechanisms for Cooperative Design. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 1996,9(4): 453-461
[7]赵东标,朱剑英.智能制造技术与系统的发展与研究.中国机械工程,1999,10(8):927-931.
[8] Zimmer, Kirstin. Supply Chain Coordination with Uncertain Just-in-Time Delivery. International Journal of Production Economics, 2002,77(1): 1-15
[9] García-Dastugue, Sebastián J, Lambert Douglas M. Internet-Enabled Coordination in The Supply Chain. Industrial Marketing Management, 2003,32(3): 251-26
[10]张智勇.支持网络协作的敏捷化智能制造单元的研究:[博士论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2003
[11] Ndumu D. T,Nwana H. S. Research and Development Challenges for Agent-Based Systems. IEE Proc.-Software. Engineering,1997,144(1):2-10
[12] Laufmann S.C. Toward Agent-Based Software Engineering for Information-Dependent Enterprise Applications.IEE Proc.-Software. Engineering,1997,144(1):38-50
[13] Tso S.K, Lau, Henry Ho ea al.Coordination and Monitoring in An Intelligent Global Manufacturing Service System. Computers in Industry,2000,43(1): 83-95
[14]张洁,高亮,李培根.多Agent技术在先进制造中的应用.北京:科学出版社,2004
[15]史忠植.智能主体及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000
[16]蒋鹏,黄贤英.嵌入式智能代理技术的应用研究.微计算机信息,2005,21(5):123-124
[17]李宏伟,王太勇等.基于嵌入式微控制器核心和层次化网络监控机制的开放结构数控系统的构建.振动与冲击,2003,22(1):47-49
[18]周祖德,刘泉,龙毅宏等.嵌入式技术与数字制造.数字制造科学(网络版),http://www.digimanusci.com,2004
[19] Richard Curless. Get Smart. http://www.fandmmag.com,2003
[20] NIST. Smart machine tools. http://www.mel.nist.gov,2003
[21] J.Michaloski, F.Proctor, H.Dominguez et al. Improving CNC Machining Accuracy through Thermal Model Based Control. Proceedings of JUSFA’04 2004 Japan–USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, USA, 2004
[22] Pamela Smith. Cincinnati Lamb Previews the Future of Manufacturing through Its“Get Smart”Booth Demonstration. http://www.CincinnatiLamb.com,2004
[23] NIST.Smart Machine. http://www.mikron-ac.com,2003
[24]马艳娣.铣削技术领域的革命——智能加工.机械工人(冷加工),2004,(7):12-13
[25] Robert B.Jerard, Barry K.Fussell, Min Xu et al. Smart Machine Tool Architecture. http://www.unh.edu/dml/publications,2005
[26]李圣怡.智能制造技术与智能制造系统.国防科技大学报,1995,17(2):1-11
[27]梁建成,李圣怡,温熙森.机床智能加工的体系结构.国防科技大学学报,1994,16(2):24-28
[28]石磊,杨叔子,刘延林等.一种智能加工中心的设计与原型构造.华中理工大学学报,1995,23(6):66-69
[29]罗欣,吴雅,李斌等.基于RISC技术的智能数控系统体系结构研究.华中理工大学学报,1995,23(6):57-61
[30] Lee Gan Ping,Lee Ming,Shao Hui He et al. Networked Intelligent Controller Based on Embedded System.IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference) IECON 2004 - 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. United States: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,2004,3:2942-2945.
[31] Hani Hagras, Victor Callaghan, Martin Colley.Intelligent Embedded Agents. Information Sciences,2005,171(4),289–292
[32] Hagras Han, Callaghan, Victo,Colley et al. Creating an Ambient-intelligence Environment Using Embedded Agents. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2004,19(6):12-20
[33] Sue Sharples, Vic Callaghan, Graham Clarke.A Multi-Agent Architecture for Intelligent Building Sensing and Control. International Sensor Review,1999
[34] Hani Hagras, Martin Colley, Victor Callaghan.Life Long Learning and Adaptation for Embedded Agents Operating in Unstructured Environments. Joint 9th IFSA World Congress and 20th NAFIPS International Conference. Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2001,3:1547-1552
[35] Davidsson Paul, Wernstedt, Fredrik.Life Embedded Agents for District Heating Management.Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. United States: Association for Computing Machinery,2004,3:1148-1155
[36]周晓军,奚立峰,李杰.基于嵌入式智能代理的适应式远程诊断技术.计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(8):1015-1020
[37]张蕾,曹其新,李杰等.面向智能维护的嵌入式无线预诊断智能体技术.机械设计与研究,2004,20(2):64-66
[38]王红展.基于嵌入式实时操作系统的ARM控制平台的实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004
[39]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[40] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II(第2版).邵贝贝等译.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[41]任哲.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-II原理与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[42]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发——基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-II实时操作系统.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[43]陈艳美.嵌入式水情测报系统的网络通信技术研究:[硕士论文].南京:河海大学,2005
[44] W. Richard Stevens. TCP/IP详解卷1:协议.范建华等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[45]昌城IT网.C/S模式与B/S模式的比较分析. http://www.web-cn.com.cn,2005
[46]周立功等. ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004
[47]郭晓鹏,李存斌. Visual C++高级编程及其项目应用开发.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[48]龚建伟,熊光明. Visual C++/Turbo C串口通信编程实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[49]王崇泉.嵌入式WEB服务器:[硕士论文].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[50]谢希仁.计算机网络.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[51]张曦煌,柴志雷.嵌入式WEB服务器中CGI的特点和实现.小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(11):2046-2048
[52]洪锦魁.精通HTML(彩色版) 15与服务器的互动(二)-CGI程序.西安:世界图书出版西安公司,2000