工程教育再造的机理与路径研究
摘要
随着外部环境的变化和新需求的涌现,上个世纪八十年代以来,发达国家的工程教育正在经历着又一次范式转换,许多学者称其为“工程教育再造”。这次再造,实际上就是要超越二战前的“技术范式”(强调技术应用和实践操作)、二战后的“科学范式”(强调工程科学与理论分析),确立“工程范式”,即面向全球化时代的工程实践,强调工程的实践性、综合性和创新性,强调工程教育的实学原则、集成原则和创新原则。
本文综合采用了文献分析、案例研究、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,对工程教育再造的机理与路径进行了系统性研究。
针对工程教育再造的机理,本文着重探讨了工程教育再造的理论基础——再造论和知行论,提出了集成“系统方式”、“三件设计法”、“CDIO框架”、“情景规划法”、以及“基准优化与最佳实践法”的工程教育再造方法,并辨析了工程、工程人力资源和工程教育等相关理念。工程教育再造的机理可归纳为“三件整合,集成创新”。“三件”是指工程教育在时间维度的“从何而来,现居何处,意欲何往”,空间维度的“慧件、软件和硬件”;“集成”主要指“愿景和行动”的集成,理论、方法和最佳实践的集成。
工程教育再造的路径,是指工程教育由“科学范式”转换为“工程范式”的实施路线。本文从“宏观层面的部署”、“官产学研的合作”、“大学内部的变革”、“质量系统的构建”和“环境条件的改善”五个方面,对全球工程教育再造的探索和实践进行了研究。本文通过对51位专家的集体座谈和14位院士的个人访谈,在文献分析和案例研究的工作基础上,通过合理的要素选择原则和筛选过程,得到了工程教育再造的要素框架。该框架包括了战略、教师、学生、课程计划、工程教育体系和环境等五大模块,共51项要素。
通过对问卷调查得到的271份有效问卷的统计分析,本文得出了工程教育再造的关键要素,并以此为据,提出了工程教育再造的关键举措,包括:(1)确立工程教育的战略地位,构建分工合理的工程教育体系;(2)完善工科教师培养机制与评价体系,增强师资队伍的实践意识和能力;(3)加强产学研合作,为工程人才培养提供多样化的实践通道;(4)面向未来工程人才的素质要求,推动课程计划与教学模式的改革;(5)建设工程教育的支撑环境,形成崇尚工程文化的社会氛围。进而设计出系统性的再造计划,包括大学生工程训练计划、教师工程能力提升计划、产学合作战略伙伴计划、工程教育研究平台计划、工程精英奖学金计划、工学院领导力训练计划。
With the external environment changes and the emergence of new demands, engineering education in developed country is undergoing a paradigm shift since the 1980s. Many scholars called it "Re-engineering of Engineering Education". In fact, the purpose of the re-engineering is to go beyond the "Technique Paradigm" before World War II, which was emphasized on technique application and operating practice, and the "Science Paradigm" after World War II, which was emphasized on engineering science and theoretical analysis, and is to establish the "Engineering Paradigm" facing the engineering practice in the era of globalization, which is emphasizing the practice, synthesis and innovation of engineering and engineering education.
The study mainly adopts the methods of literature analysis, case studies, expert interviews, and questionnaire investigation to analyze the mechanism and approach of Re-engineering of Engineering Education.
For the mechanism of Re-engineering of Engineering Education, this dissertation gives a detailed discussion of the theoretical foundation of Re-engineering of Engineering Education which includes "Theory of Re-engineering" and "Theory of Knowing and Doing", and also analysis on the methods of Re-engineering of Engineering Education including "Systemic Mode", "Hardware-Software-Wetware Design", "Conceive- Design- Implement- Operate Framework", "Scenario-Based Planning" and "Benchmarking and the Best Practices". Meanwhile the philosophy of Engineering, Human resources in Engineering, and Engineering Education are identified in the dissertation.
The mechanism of Re-engineering of Engineering Education can be concluded as "Integration of Three Parts, Innovation through Integration". The "Three Parts" means the past, present and future of Engineering Education in the time dimension, and hardware, software, wetware of Re-engineering of Engineering Education in the structure dimension. The "Integration" means the integration of vision and action, and the integration of theories, methods and the best practices.
The approach of Re-engineering of Engineering Education is the path of Engineering Education from "Science Paradigm" to "Engineering Paradigm". This dissertation analyses the exploration and practice of global Re-engineering of Engineering Education, including the deployments on macro levels, the cooperation of governments, enterprises, and schools, the transforms of universities, the designs of quality systems and the improvements of environmental conditions.
According to five group meetings of 51 experts and 14 academicians' personal interviews, with a reasonable principles and process of factors' selection, on the basis work of literature analysis and case studies, this dissertation obtains the framework of factors of Re-engineering Engineering Education. It includes five modules as strategy, teacher, student, program, engineering education system and the environment, and 51 factors totally.
Through the empirical study of 271 effective samples, key factors which play a significant role of Re-engineering of Engineering Education are identified. Based on this, this dissertation offers key suggestions, such as:
·Establish the strategic position of engineering education, and build a reasonable engineering education system.
·Improve training mechanisms and evaluation systems of engineering teachers to enhance the awareness and ability to practice.
·Strengthen the cooperation between universities and industries which offers a wide range of practical channels to engineering students.
·Reform the engineering programs and teaching mode to achieve the quality of Human Resources in Engineering in the future.
·Improve the environmental conditions for engineering education, and construct a social atmosphere in which engineering cultural is advocated.
Then, this dissertation designs an integrative program of Re-engineering of Engineering Education, which includes engineering training for students and teachers, university-industry cooperation, engineering education research infrastructure, scholarship for engineering talents, and leadership of engineering schools.
本文综合采用了文献分析、案例研究、专家访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,对工程教育再造的机理与路径进行了系统性研究。
针对工程教育再造的机理,本文着重探讨了工程教育再造的理论基础——再造论和知行论,提出了集成“系统方式”、“三件设计法”、“CDIO框架”、“情景规划法”、以及“基准优化与最佳实践法”的工程教育再造方法,并辨析了工程、工程人力资源和工程教育等相关理念。工程教育再造的机理可归纳为“三件整合,集成创新”。“三件”是指工程教育在时间维度的“从何而来,现居何处,意欲何往”,空间维度的“慧件、软件和硬件”;“集成”主要指“愿景和行动”的集成,理论、方法和最佳实践的集成。
工程教育再造的路径,是指工程教育由“科学范式”转换为“工程范式”的实施路线。本文从“宏观层面的部署”、“官产学研的合作”、“大学内部的变革”、“质量系统的构建”和“环境条件的改善”五个方面,对全球工程教育再造的探索和实践进行了研究。本文通过对51位专家的集体座谈和14位院士的个人访谈,在文献分析和案例研究的工作基础上,通过合理的要素选择原则和筛选过程,得到了工程教育再造的要素框架。该框架包括了战略、教师、学生、课程计划、工程教育体系和环境等五大模块,共51项要素。
通过对问卷调查得到的271份有效问卷的统计分析,本文得出了工程教育再造的关键要素,并以此为据,提出了工程教育再造的关键举措,包括:(1)确立工程教育的战略地位,构建分工合理的工程教育体系;(2)完善工科教师培养机制与评价体系,增强师资队伍的实践意识和能力;(3)加强产学研合作,为工程人才培养提供多样化的实践通道;(4)面向未来工程人才的素质要求,推动课程计划与教学模式的改革;(5)建设工程教育的支撑环境,形成崇尚工程文化的社会氛围。进而设计出系统性的再造计划,包括大学生工程训练计划、教师工程能力提升计划、产学合作战略伙伴计划、工程教育研究平台计划、工程精英奖学金计划、工学院领导力训练计划。
With the external environment changes and the emergence of new demands, engineering education in developed country is undergoing a paradigm shift since the 1980s. Many scholars called it "Re-engineering of Engineering Education". In fact, the purpose of the re-engineering is to go beyond the "Technique Paradigm" before World War II, which was emphasized on technique application and operating practice, and the "Science Paradigm" after World War II, which was emphasized on engineering science and theoretical analysis, and is to establish the "Engineering Paradigm" facing the engineering practice in the era of globalization, which is emphasizing the practice, synthesis and innovation of engineering and engineering education.
The study mainly adopts the methods of literature analysis, case studies, expert interviews, and questionnaire investigation to analyze the mechanism and approach of Re-engineering of Engineering Education.
For the mechanism of Re-engineering of Engineering Education, this dissertation gives a detailed discussion of the theoretical foundation of Re-engineering of Engineering Education which includes "Theory of Re-engineering" and "Theory of Knowing and Doing", and also analysis on the methods of Re-engineering of Engineering Education including "Systemic Mode", "Hardware-Software-Wetware Design", "Conceive- Design- Implement- Operate Framework", "Scenario-Based Planning" and "Benchmarking and the Best Practices". Meanwhile the philosophy of Engineering, Human resources in Engineering, and Engineering Education are identified in the dissertation.
The mechanism of Re-engineering of Engineering Education can be concluded as "Integration of Three Parts, Innovation through Integration". The "Three Parts" means the past, present and future of Engineering Education in the time dimension, and hardware, software, wetware of Re-engineering of Engineering Education in the structure dimension. The "Integration" means the integration of vision and action, and the integration of theories, methods and the best practices.
The approach of Re-engineering of Engineering Education is the path of Engineering Education from "Science Paradigm" to "Engineering Paradigm". This dissertation analyses the exploration and practice of global Re-engineering of Engineering Education, including the deployments on macro levels, the cooperation of governments, enterprises, and schools, the transforms of universities, the designs of quality systems and the improvements of environmental conditions.
According to five group meetings of 51 experts and 14 academicians' personal interviews, with a reasonable principles and process of factors' selection, on the basis work of literature analysis and case studies, this dissertation obtains the framework of factors of Re-engineering Engineering Education. It includes five modules as strategy, teacher, student, program, engineering education system and the environment, and 51 factors totally.
Through the empirical study of 271 effective samples, key factors which play a significant role of Re-engineering of Engineering Education are identified. Based on this, this dissertation offers key suggestions, such as:
·Establish the strategic position of engineering education, and build a reasonable engineering education system.
·Improve training mechanisms and evaluation systems of engineering teachers to enhance the awareness and ability to practice.
·Strengthen the cooperation between universities and industries which offers a wide range of practical channels to engineering students.
·Reform the engineering programs and teaching mode to achieve the quality of Human Resources in Engineering in the future.
·Improve the environmental conditions for engineering education, and construct a social atmosphere in which engineering cultural is advocated.
Then, this dissertation designs an integrative program of Re-engineering of Engineering Education, which includes engineering training for students and teachers, university-industry cooperation, engineering education research infrastructure, scholarship for engineering talents, and leadership of engineering schools.
引文
[1]ABET.ABET Member Soeieties[EB/OL].http://www.abet.org/gov.shtml,2007b-03-08
[2]ABET.The ABET Accreditation Process[EB/OL],http://www.abet.org/the_basics.shtml,2007c-03-08
[3]ABET.What is ABET[EB/OL].http://www.abet.org/overview.shtml,2007a-03-08
[4]AE3.http://ae3.cen.uiuc.edu/about_ae3.htm,2004-12-05
[5]Ambrose,S.A.and Norman,M.Preparing Engineering Faculty as Educators[J].The Bridge,2006(Volume 36,Number 2):25-32
[6]ASCE.Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century[R].2004
[7]ASEE.Engineering Education for a Changing World:Project Report[R].Washington,D.C.:American Society for Engineering Education,1994
[8]ASEE.Report of the Committee on Evaluation of Engineering Education(1955)[R].Journal of Engineering Education Vol.46:26-60
[9]Barbara,S.Back to the Future through Reengineering.Joint Logistics Commanders Joint Policy Coordinating Group on Computer Management,Santa Barbara,CA,November 1992
[10]Bateman,W.Open to Question:The Art of Teaching and Learning by Inquiry,San Francisco:Jossey-Bass,1990
[11]Bergey,J.,et al.A Reengineering Process Framework[M].Software Engineering Institute,Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,1996
[12]Berggren,K.F.,Brodeur,D.& Crawley,E.F.,etal.CDIO:An international initiative for reforming engineering education[J].World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education,2003,(2):49-52
[13]BME.http://congress.mti.bme.hu/,2007-11-06
[14]Bolton,B.Co-operative venture in electrical engineering education:establishing a rationale [J].IEE Proc,1981(Jul):377-383
[15]Borri,C.Re-engineering Engineering Education In Europe[R].Firenze University Press,2008:5-8
[16]Bottoms,G & Anthony,K.Research brief:Project lead the way:A pre-engineering curriculum that works[R].Atlanta,GA:Southern Regional Education Board(SREB),2005.5
[17]Boud,D.,and Feletti,G.The Challenge of Problem-Based Learning[M].London:Kogan Page,1997.
[18]Brawner and Felder.Faculty Teaching Practices in an Engineering Education Coalition[C].Proceedings,29th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference,1999,12A5/1-12A5/6
[19]Britcher,R.N.Re-engineering software:A case study[J].IBM Systems Journal,1990(Vol.29,No.4):551-567
[20]CAST.http://www.cast.org.cn/,2007-11-06
[21]Cave,M.Performance Indicators.The Encyclopedia of Higher Education[C],edition by Clark B.R.Oxford:Pergamon,1992
[22]CCDO.加拿大职业分类词典(上、下卷)[M].国家教委教育规划办公室编译,高等教育出版社,1988年
[23]CFIR(Committee on Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research).Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research[M].National Academies Press,2004
[24]CHEMS CLUB.Benchmarking in Higher Education:an International Review[R].http://www.acu.ac.uk/chems/onlinepublications/961780238.pdf,1998
[25]Chikofsky and Cross.Reverse Engineering and Design Recovery:A Taxonomy,IEEE Software,1990(Jan):13-17.
[26]CIR.http://www.cir.tohoku.ac.jp/j/,2007-10-06
[27]Clark B.R.The Charaeter of the Entrepreneurial University[J].International Higher Education,2005(38):1-3
[28]Cranch,E.T.and Nordby,G.M.Engineering Education:At the Crossroads without a Compass?[J].Journal of Engineering Education,1986(5)
[29]Davidovitch,Parush and Shtub.Simulation-based Learning in Engineering Education:Performace and Transfer in Learning Project Management[J].JEE,2006(4):289-299
[30]Davies,B.Reengineefing and Total Quality in Schools[M].London:Pitman,1996
[31]de Graaff,E.,and Kolmos A.,Characteristics of Problem-Based Learning[J].International Journal of Engineering Education,2003,Vol.19,No.5:657-662.
[32]Dertouzos,M.L.Made in America:Regaining the Productive,MIT Press,1990
[33]E4.http://www.unifi.it/me4/2007-10-08
[34]Easne.http://www.ecs.umass.edu/easn/abstracts.html.2006-2-4
[35]Ecsel.http://www.eng.morgan.edu/reproj_ecsel.htm.2006-2-4
[36]EERC.Special Report:The Research Agenda for the New Discipline of Engineering Education[J].Journal of Engineering Education,2006,Vol.95,No.4:260-261.
[37]Elton,D.J.,Hanson,J.L.and Shannon,D.M.Soils Magic:Bringing Civil Engineering to the K-12 Classroom[J].Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice,2006(April):125-132
[38]Engineers Week.http://www.eweek.org.2006-05-08
[39]Etter,D.M.and Bordogna,J.Engineering Education for the 21st Century[A].1994 IEEE International Conference on Volume ⅵ,1994:33-36
[40]Etzkowitz H.The Second Academic Revolution:MIT and The Rise of Entrepreneurial Science[M].New York:Gordon & Breach,2002
[41]Feiler,P.H.Reengineering:An Engineering Problem(CMU/SEI-93-SR-5,ADA267117),Pittsburgh,Pa.:Software Engineering Institute,Carnegie-Mellon University,July 1993
[42]Fink,L.D.,Kolar,R.L.& Muraleetharan,K.K.,et al.Reengineering Sooner Civil Engineering Education[C].30th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference,2000
[43]Finniston,M.Engineering Our Future[R].1989
[44]Fitzgeard,N.Teaching with Cases[J].ASEE Prism,1995(7):16-20
[45]Foundation.http://fcl.tamu.edu/home/foundationcoalition/engineering_coalitions.html.2006-2-4
[46]Gateway.http://www.gatewaycoalition.org/main_category/main_category.aspx?mcatid=127.2006-2-4
[47]Gibbons,M.,et al.The new production of knowledge:the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies[M],1994
[48]GIC.Application reengineering(Technical Report Gpp-208)[R],1989
[49]Greenfield.http://www.greenfield-coalition.org/2006-2-4
[50]Grimes,Douglas and Warschauer.Civil Engineering Education in a Visualization Environment:Experiences with VizClass[J].JEE,2006(3):249
[51]Grinter,L.E.Report of the Committee on Evaluation of Engineering Education[R].JEE,Sept.1955,from:Appendix,JEE,Jan.1994
[52]H3E.http://www.tkk.fi/Misc/H3E/arch.html.2007-10-08
[53]Hammer and Champy.Reengineering the Corporation:A Manifesto for Business Revolution [M].HarperCollins Publishers,1993
[54]Hargreaves,D.The Mosaic of Learning:School and Teachers for the New Century[M].London:Denos,1994
[55]Harry,T.R.Reengineering education:a change is needed in U.S.engineering education[J].IEEE power & energy magazine,2004(may/june)
[56]Heitmann,G.Project-Oriented Study and Project-Organized Curricula:A Brief Review of Intentions and Solutions[J].European Journal of Engineering Education,Vol.21,No.2,1996:121
[57]IFEES.http://www.ifees.net/members/index.cfm.2008-04-12
[58]INAE.http://www.inae2007.iitm.ac.in/.2007-10-04
[59]IUGREEE.http://www.eng.iastate.edu/iugreee/index.htm.2006-05-05
[60]JiTTDL.http://webphysics.iupui.edu/jitt/jitt.html.2007-10-4
[61]Jones,J.and Edwin,C.Criteria 2000:Preparing For Outcomes Assessment[A].FIE 96Proceedings,1996
[62]Jose,M.G.,et al.Increasing human resources for science and technology in Europe[R].2004
[63]Kardos,G.Engineering Cases in the Classroom[A].Proceedings of ASEE National Conference on Engineering Case Studies,March 1979,www.civeng.carleton.ca/ECL/cclas.html.
[64]Kardos,G.,and Smith,C.O.On Writing Engineering Cases[A].Proceedings of ASEE National Conference on Engineering Case Studies,March 1979www.civeng.carleton.ca/ECL/cwrtng.html.
[65]Kirkman,A.G.,Byrd,M.V.,Jameel,H.and Heitman,J.A.The Challenge of Implementing an Inquiry-Guided Approach in a Highly Technical Curriculum[A].Teaching and Learning Through Inquiry:A Guidebook For Institutions and Instructors,Sterling,Virginia:Stylus Publishing,2004:143-156.
[66]Klein and Thompson.Crossing Boundaries:Knowledge,disciplinarities,and interdisciplinarities[M].Charlottesville and London:University Press of Virginia,1996
[67]Lattuca,L.R.,Terenzini,P.T.and Volkwein,J.F.Engineering Change:A Study of the Impact of EC2000[R].www.abet.org,2006
[68]Lee,V.S.,ed.,Teaching and Learning through Inquiry,Sterling,Virginia:Stylus Publishing,2004.
[69]Leonard,W.An Experimental Test of an Extended Discretion Laboratory Approach for University General Biology[J].Jourual of Research in Science Teaching,Vol.26,No.1,1988:79-91
[70]Lewis,W.K.Committee on Educational Survey,Report to the Faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology[R].Cambridge:Technology Press,1949.web:http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/mithistory/histories-offices/lewis-com.html
[71]Lundeberg,M.,Levin,B.and Harrington H.Who Learns What from Cases and How? The Research Base for Teaching and Learning with Cases,Mahwah,New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.,1999.
[72]Marques.Inter and multidisciplinarity in engineering education[J].International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design,2008(1):229-237
[73]Masi,C.G.Re-engineering Engineering Education[J].IEEE Spectrum,1995(32):44-47
[74]Maul,G.P.Reforming Engineering Education[J].Industrial Engineering,1994(10):53-67
[75]McCollom,K.A.and Lohmann,M.R.Convergence of Engineering and Engineering Technology Educational Program[A].CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE,NSPE,Washington DC,1976
[76]Mckinnon,K.R.and Walker,S.H.Benchmarking:A manual for Australian Universities[R].www.detya.gov.au/highered/otherpub/bench.pdf,2000
[77]McWilliam E.L.,et al.Research Training in Doctoral Programs-What can be learned from Professional Doctorates?[R]DEST,2002:41
[78]Mills,J.E.and Treagust,D.F.Engineering Education-Is Problem-Based or Project-Based Learning the Answer?[J].Australasian Journal of Engineering Education,2003-2004,www.aaee.com.au/journal/2003/mills_treagust03.pdf.
[79]MIT Bulletin.Interdisciplinary Research and Study[R].http://web.mit.edu/catalogne/overv.chap6.shtml,2004
[80]Mittelstrass,J.How to Maintain the Technical Momentum and Ability in the Knowledge Economy.Keynote presentation at Linking Knowledge and Society:A European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering Conference,Royal Academy Palace,Brussels,Belgium,2001,October 16
[81]Mraz,S.J.At the Crossroads:The future of engineering education[J].Machine Design,2004
[82]NAE.Educating the Engineer of 2020:Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century[R].Washington D.C.:The National Academies Press,2005
[83]NAE.Engineering Research and America's Future:Meeting the Challenges of a Global Economy[R].http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11393.html,2005
[84]NAE.Raising Public Awareness of Engineering[R].Washington D.C.:The National Academies Press,2002
[85]NAE.The Engineer of 2020:Visions of Engineering in the New Century[R].Washington D.C.::The National Academies Press,2004
[86]Nordmann,A.Converging Technologies -Shaping the Future of European Societies[R].Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,2004
[87]NRC.Engineering Education and Practice in the United States:Foundations of Our Techno-Economic Future,Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer,National Academy Press,1985
[88]NRC.Engineering Education and Practice in the United States:Foundations of Our Techno-Economic Future.Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer,National Research Council.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1985
[89]NRC.Engineering Education:Designing an Adaptive System,NRC Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems(CETS),National Academy Press,1995
[90]NSB.Moving Forward to Improve Engineering Education[R],2007
[91]NSB.The Science and Engineering Workforce:Realizing America's Potential [R].http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2003/nsb0369/nsb0369.pdf.2003:7-11
[92]NSE Converging technologies for improving human performance[R].Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002.06
[93]NSF.Restructuring Engineering Education:A Focus on Change[R].1995,http://www.nsf.gov/
[94]NSF.Shaping the Future,Volume Ⅱ:Perspectives on Undergraduate Education in Science,Mathematics,Engineering,and Technology[R],1996
[95]OECD and Eurostat.Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources Devoted to S&T- Canberra Manual[R].Paris,1995:2-7
[96]Parker,L.The Engineering Research Center Program:An Assessment of Benefits and Outcomes[R].Engineering Education and Centers Division,National Science Foundation,Arlington,1997
[97]Pavelich,M.,Old,B.and Miller,R.Real-World Problem Solving in Freshman and Sophomore Engineering[J].New Directions for Teaching and Learning,Vol.61,1995:45-54.
[98]Penrod,J.I.and Dolence,M.G.Reengineering:A Process for Transforming Higher Education[R].CAUSE,The Association for the Management of Information Technology in Higher Education.(Professional Paper Series # 9.) 1992
[99]PLTW.about project lead the way-our goals[EB/OL].http://www.pltw.org/goals.shtml,2006b-05-08
[100]PLTW.project lead the way high school program[EB/OL].http://www.pltw.org/hsprogram.shtml,2006d-05-08
[101]PLTW.project lead the way middle school program[EB/OL].http://www.pltw.org/msprogram.shtml,2006c-05-08
[102]PLTW.Project Lead The Way selected as one of the "Best Practice" STEM Education programs[EB/OL],http://www.pltw.org/bulletins/PLTWStemAward.shtml,2006a-05-08
[103]Polanyi,M.Personal knowledge[M].Routledge,London.1958
[104]Polanyi,M.The Tacit Dimension[M].N.Y.:Doubleday& Company Inc.,1966
[105]Prados,J.W.,Peterson,G.D.and Lattuca,L.R.Quality Assurance of Engineering Education through Accreditation:The Impact of Engineering Criteria 2000 and Its Global Influence[J].JEE,2005(1):165-170
[106]Radcliff,D.F.Shaping the Discipline of Engineering Education[J].Journal of Engineering Education,2006,Vol.95,No.4:263-264.
[107]Ricards,L.G.,Gorman,M.,Soberer,W.T.and Landel,R.D.Promoting Active Learning with Cases and Instructional Modules[J].Journal of Engineering Education,Vol.84,No.4,1995:375-381.
[108]Rosenbaum,D.B.Schools Erase Chalk-and-Talk[N]Engineering News-Record,9/2/1996:24-30.
[109]RREE.http://www.mines.edu-conducting rigorous research in engineering education,2006-05-05
[110]Sakari A.The Matching of Educational and Occupational Structures in Finland and Sweden[R].CEDEFOP-European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training,Ewopis 123,1998.
[111]Scceme.http://www.calstatela.edu/centers/SCCEME/scceme.html.2006-2-4
[112]Seely,B.E.The Other Re-engineering of Engineering Education(1900-1965)[J].JEE,1999(1):285
[113]Shoemaker,B.R.论技术教育的发展和设施[J]教育研究,1986,(9):38
[114]Sina.http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2007-03-19/204612557196.shtml,2007-3-19
[115]Singer,R.and Pease,D.Effect of Guided vs.Discovery Learning Strategies on Initial Motor Task Learning,Transfer and Retention[J].The Research Quarterly,Vol.49,No.2,1978:206
[116]Smilor,R.,Dietrich,G.and Gibons,D.The Entrepreneurial University:The Role of Higher Education in the United States in Technology Commercialization and Economic Development[J].International Social Science,Journal,1993,(45):1-11
[117]Snover,J.Overview of the reengineering project at MIT.http://web.mit.edu/reeng/www/commit/reindex.html,1999
[118]SPEE.Aims and scope of engineering curricula(1940)[R].Journal of Engineering Education 30(7):555-566
[119]SPEE.Report of the Committee on Engineering Education After the War(1944)[R].Journal of Engineering Education 34(9):589
[120]SPEE.Report of the Investigation of Engineering Education,1923-1929[R].Urbana,Illinois:Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education,1930
[121]Sternberg,R.J.and Horvath,J.A.Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice:Researcher and Practitioner Perspectives[M].Mahwah,NJ:LEA,1999
[122]Stokes,Donald.Pasteur's quadrant:Basic science and technological innovation[M].Washington,D.C.:Brookings,1997
[123]Streveler,R.A.,Miller,R.L.and Smith,K.A.What is rigorous research in engineering education,presented at ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference,San Diego,CA, 2006
[124]Succeed.http://www.succeednow.org/default.asp.2006-2-4
[125]Synthesis.http://best.me.berkeley.edu/aagogino/synthesis/Publications.htm.2006-2-4
[126]Tadmor,Z.Redefining Engineering Disciplines for the Twenty-First Century[J].The Bridge,2006(Volume 36):34
[127]Tan,O.S.Problem-Based Learning Innovation,Singapore:Thomson,2003
[128]Taylor Research & Consulting Group.Taylor Report on Student & Academic Research Study[R].2000,http://www.aicpa.org/members/div/career/edu/taylor.htm
[129]TheCenter.University Organization,Governance and Competitiveness[R].2002:4-5
[130]TREE.http://www3.unifi.it/tree/.2007-11-08
[131]Tryggvason & Apelian.Re-Engineering Engineering Education for the Challenges of the 21st Century[J].JOM,2006(10):14-17
[132]UICEE.http://www.eng.monash.edu.au/uicee,2007-10-06
[133]Vest,C.M.Educating Engineers for 2020 and Beyond[J].The Bridge,2006(Volume 36):38-44
[134]Weingart,P.and Nico,S.Practising interdisciplinarity[M].Buffalo:University of Toronto Press,2000
[135]Weiss,R.Designing Problems to Promote Higher-Order Thinking[A].Problem-Based Learning in the Information Age,New Directions for Teaching and Learning[C].San Francisco:Jossey Bass,Fall 2003:25-30
[136]Wessel,D.Building a Better Engineer[J]Wall Street Journal,December 20,2005:B1
[137]Wulf,W.A.The Urgency of Engineering Education Reform[J].Journal of SMET Education,2002(3/3&4):3-9
[138]贝晓曦.BPR理论与高教管理体制改革[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2001,(6):61-62
[139]毕家驹.美国ABET的工程专业鉴定新进展[J].高教发展与评估,2005,(5):44-50
[140]伯顿·克拉克著,王承绪等译.高等教育系统[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社.1994
[141]博耶.学术水平反思——教授工作的重点[A].发达国家教育改革的动向和趋势(第五集)[C].北京:人民教育出版社,1994:25
[142]常松.对企业再造理论缺陷的思考[J].经济与管理,2001(8):45-46
[143]陈春明,企业再造工程集成研究[D].博士学位论文,哈尔滨工程大学,2004,13-14
[144]陈皓明,等人.清华大学研究生院对MIT的调研报告[R].浙江大学科教发展战略研究中心资料室,2006
[145]陈劲,胡建雄.面向创新型国家的工程教育改革研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006.12:3-7
[146]陈劲.最佳创新公司[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:11-12
[147]陈乐,李晓强,王沛民.科技人力资源开发的两个重要指数[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(4):14-15
[148]陈乐,王沛民.课程重建:欧洲工程教育改革的启示[J].高等工程教育研究,2006(5):11-16
[149]陈谟开.高等教育评价概论[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1988:125-128
[150]戴卫明.高校教育流程再造:必要性及其策略[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(12):45-46
[151]丁邦平,顾明远.学科课程与“活动课程”:分离还是融合[J].教育研究,2002,(10):31-34
[152]丁烈云.基于流程再造的高校管理改革探析[J].中国高等教育,2007,(22):20-21
[153]丁汀.学校再造探析[J].西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,(3):120-122
[154]#12
[155]杜谦,宋卫国.科技人才定义及相关统计问题[J].中国科技论坛,2004,(5):136-140
[156]方克力.中国哲学史上的知行观[M].北京:人民出版社,1982
[157]冯厚植,等人.工程教育设计与工程设计方法[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[158]高宇,高星斗.知行观的演进及其意义[J].滁州学院学报,2004,(3):28-30
[159]葛红光,张承巨.业务流程再造理论研究[J].科技与与管理,2000,(2)70-73
[160]郭丕斌.再造工程与普通高等学校管理体制改革[J].管理工程学报,2002,(16):53-54
[161]郭耀,袁望洪.再工程——概念及框架[J].计算机科学,1999,(5):78-83
[162]胡锦涛.坚持走中国特色自主创新道路,为建设创新型国家而努力奋斗——在全国科学技术大会上的讲话[R].新华网,2007-11-06
[163]黄杰,熊江陵,李必强.集成的内涵与特征初探[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2003, (7):20-21
[164]惠德兴.当代工程师手册[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987:74
[165]焦利芳,张聪.基于再造理念对我国高等教育改革的思考[J].高等农业教育,2003,(8):18-19
[166]经济合作与发展组织,欧盟统计局.科技人力资源手册[M].北京:新华出版社,2000
[167]柯俊.美国高等工程教育改革的近况[A].优化我国高等工程教育层次结构提高教育质量[C].浙江大学高教所资料,1993
[168]克拉克·克尔.高等教育不能回避历史——21世纪的问题[T].王承绪译.杭州:浙江教育出版社,2001:151-153
[169]孔寒冰,朱慧.高等教育基准优化的实践与启示[J].辽宁教育研究,2005,(6):16-18
[170]孔寒冰,邹晓东,王沛民.工程教育鉴定和职业资格认证初辨[J].高等工程教育研究,2005,(5):15-18
[171]雷祥麟.巨变中的科技、民主与社会[J].台湾社会研究季刊,2002
[172]李爱民.业务流程再造理论研究综述与展望[J].现代管理科学,2006,(8):29-32
[173]李伯聪.工程哲学引论[M].郑州:大象出版社,2002
[174]李正,林凤.从工程的本质看工程教育的发展趋势[J].高等教育研究,2007,(2):20-21
[175]林永康.技术史概论[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1988
[176]刘刚,王越,周思永.基于人工系统的系统理论提纲[J].系统工程与电子技术,1998,(7):28-29
[177]刘粤湘,夏玉秀,杨德凤.及时教学法:一种现代教学方式及高校教学改革示范[J].中国地质教育,2006,(03):109-112
[178]柳基思,祝怀新.顺应全球化:发展中国家高等教育的变迁与改革[J].高等教育研究,2002,(2):27-30
[179]路甬祥,王沛民.工业创新和高等工程教育改革[J].高等工程教育研究,1996,(2):7-8
[180]吕萌,孔寒冰.工程教育可持续创新的基础——兼评美国NSF的两项计划[J].高等工程教育研究,2008,(1):34-38
[181]迈克尔·哈默,詹姆斯·钱皮.改革公司——企业革命的宣言书[T].胡毓源等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1998
[182]毛亚庆.应注重以学校为主体的校本管理[J].教育研究,2002(4):78-80
[183]梅贻琦.就职演说(就任清华大学校长时的演说,1931)[A].梅贻琦教育论著选[C].刘述礼,黄延复编.北京:人民教育出版社,1993,10
[184]倪明江.创造未来——工程教育改革研究[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1999:2-7
[185]欧阳光华.一体与多元——欧盟教育政策述评[R].中外教育分析报告,2006(81):3-4
[186]帕特里夏·基利,史蒂文·梅德林,休·麦克布赖德,等.公共部门标杆管理[T].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:35-36
[187]潘云鹤.“新形势下工程教育的改革与发展”高层论坛发言,2007.09
[188]邵剑兵.企业再造理论[J].经济管理,2000,(1),62-63
[189]沈漪文,孔寒冰.科技人力资源能力建设:概念与思考[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(5):10-12
[190]田莉.及时教学的特点及对我国高校本科教学改革的启示[J].外国教育研究,2005,(11):39-43
[191]汪应洛.当代工程观与工程教育[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2008(1):6-7
[192]王重鸣.心理学研究方法[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1990
[193]王策三.教学论稿[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2005:186-187
[194]王俊涛.中国哲学中知行观的争论和演变[J].咸阳师范学院学报,2001,(5):14-16
[195]王沛民,孔寒冰.努力培养21世纪的中国工程师[J].中国工程科学,2001,(6):19-23
[196]王沛民,顾建民.高等工程教育意欲何往——兼评美国最新三个工程教育报告[J].高等教育研究,1996,(1):40-44
[197]王沛民.工程专业人才素质和培养模式初论[J].高等教育研究,1997,(6):60-66
[198]王沛民.试论理工科的选修课及其设置[J].教育研究(浙大),1986,(4):54-60
[199]王仁永.《实践论》与中国传统知行观[D].硕士学位论文,上海交通大学,2007
[200]王曙东.中国哲学史上知行观的历史发展[J].安庆师范学院学报,1994,(4):16-18
[201]王亚杰.基于集成的学位质量研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江大学,2005
[202]王雁,孔寒冰,王沛民.创业型大学:研究型大学的机遇和挑战[J].高等教育研究,2003(3):52-56
[203]王雁,孔寒冰,王沛民.两次学术革命与大学的两次转型[J].浙江大学学报(社科版), 2005,(3):24-29
[204]网易.雇主告急,拉美人的亚洲商道[EB/OL].http://biz.163.com/06/0312/17/2C1G3NUT00020QDS.html,2006-03-12
[205]翁史烈.工程教育中的产学研合作[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(5):7-8
[206]吴启迪.提高工程教育质量,推进工程教育专业认证[J].高等工程教育研究,2008,(2):1-4
[207]吴启迪.我国工程教育的改革与发展[J].中国高等教育评估,2007,(4):3-7
[208]吴志功.现代高等工程教育人才培养方向[J].中国高教研究,2007(7):13-14
[209]武欣.绩效管理实务手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:67
[210]项海帆.改革工程教育,培育创新人才[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(5):2-3
[211]熊庆年.高教改革需系统再造[J].社会观察,2006,(9):18-19
[212]叶民,顾建民,王沛民.工程设计教育改革的理念与实践[R].浙江大学科教发展战略研究中心文库,1997
[213]于红霞,钱荣.解读未来发展不确定性的情景分析法[J].未来与发展,2006,(2):12-15
[214]于立明.基于企业再造的中国国有企业改革研究[D].博士学位论文,吉林大学,2006
[215]张光斗,柯梭,路甬祥,等.优化高等工科教育层次结构提高教育质量[R].中国科学院咨询报告,1994:1-7
[216]张炜.德国柏林工业大学的跨学科学术组织[J].比较教育研究,2003,(9):60
[217]张文雪,刘俊霞,彭晶.工程教育专业认证制度的构建及其对高等工程教育的潜在影响[J].清华大学教育研究,2007,(6):61
[218]赵凤霞,杨胜来.课程论主要思潮形成的历史背景和现实意义[J].山西体育科技,2006,(1):42-45
[219]中国经济网.http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/kjwh/jy/200409/06/t20040906_1684327.shtml,2006-07-08
[220]周兴铭.改变观念,重视并加强工程型人才培养[R].中国科学院院士建议,2006,(16):1-3
[221]朱高峰.创新人才与工程教育改革[J].高等工程教育研究,2007b,(6):5-7
[222]朱高峰.创新与工程教育——初议建立创新型国家对高等工程教育的要求[J].高等工程教育研究,2007a,(1):5-7
[223]朱友芹,张新龙,夏国平.基于全生命周期的企业流程再造(BPR)模型框架[J].工业工程,2002,(2):27-31
[224]竺可桢.大学教育之主要方针(就任浙江大学校长时的演说,1936),《浙大教育文选》[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1987:14-22
[225]邹晓东.研究型大学学科组织创新研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江大学,2004
[2]ABET.The ABET Accreditation Process[EB/OL],http://www.abet.org/the_basics.shtml,2007c-03-08
[3]ABET.What is ABET[EB/OL].http://www.abet.org/overview.shtml,2007a-03-08
[4]AE3.http://ae3.cen.uiuc.edu/about_ae3.htm,2004-12-05
[5]Ambrose,S.A.and Norman,M.Preparing Engineering Faculty as Educators[J].The Bridge,2006(Volume 36,Number 2):25-32
[6]ASCE.Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century[R].2004
[7]ASEE.Engineering Education for a Changing World:Project Report[R].Washington,D.C.:American Society for Engineering Education,1994
[8]ASEE.Report of the Committee on Evaluation of Engineering Education(1955)[R].Journal of Engineering Education Vol.46:26-60
[9]Barbara,S.Back to the Future through Reengineering.Joint Logistics Commanders Joint Policy Coordinating Group on Computer Management,Santa Barbara,CA,November 1992
[10]Bateman,W.Open to Question:The Art of Teaching and Learning by Inquiry,San Francisco:Jossey-Bass,1990
[11]Bergey,J.,et al.A Reengineering Process Framework[M].Software Engineering Institute,Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,PA,1996
[12]Berggren,K.F.,Brodeur,D.& Crawley,E.F.,etal.CDIO:An international initiative for reforming engineering education[J].World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education,2003,(2):49-52
[13]BME.http://congress.mti.bme.hu/,2007-11-06
[14]Bolton,B.Co-operative venture in electrical engineering education:establishing a rationale [J].IEE Proc,1981(Jul):377-383
[15]Borri,C.Re-engineering Engineering Education In Europe[R].Firenze University Press,2008:5-8
[16]Bottoms,G & Anthony,K.Research brief:Project lead the way:A pre-engineering curriculum that works[R].Atlanta,GA:Southern Regional Education Board(SREB),2005.5
[17]Boud,D.,and Feletti,G.The Challenge of Problem-Based Learning[M].London:Kogan Page,1997.
[18]Brawner and Felder.Faculty Teaching Practices in an Engineering Education Coalition[C].Proceedings,29th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference,1999,12A5/1-12A5/6
[19]Britcher,R.N.Re-engineering software:A case study[J].IBM Systems Journal,1990(Vol.29,No.4):551-567
[20]CAST.http://www.cast.org.cn/,2007-11-06
[21]Cave,M.Performance Indicators.The Encyclopedia of Higher Education[C],edition by Clark B.R.Oxford:Pergamon,1992
[22]CCDO.加拿大职业分类词典(上、下卷)[M].国家教委教育规划办公室编译,高等教育出版社,1988年
[23]CFIR(Committee on Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research).Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research[M].National Academies Press,2004
[24]CHEMS CLUB.Benchmarking in Higher Education:an International Review[R].http://www.acu.ac.uk/chems/onlinepublications/961780238.pdf,1998
[25]Chikofsky and Cross.Reverse Engineering and Design Recovery:A Taxonomy,IEEE Software,1990(Jan):13-17.
[26]CIR.http://www.cir.tohoku.ac.jp/j/,2007-10-06
[27]Clark B.R.The Charaeter of the Entrepreneurial University[J].International Higher Education,2005(38):1-3
[28]Cranch,E.T.and Nordby,G.M.Engineering Education:At the Crossroads without a Compass?[J].Journal of Engineering Education,1986(5)
[29]Davidovitch,Parush and Shtub.Simulation-based Learning in Engineering Education:Performace and Transfer in Learning Project Management[J].JEE,2006(4):289-299
[30]Davies,B.Reengineefing and Total Quality in Schools[M].London:Pitman,1996
[31]de Graaff,E.,and Kolmos A.,Characteristics of Problem-Based Learning[J].International Journal of Engineering Education,2003,Vol.19,No.5:657-662.
[32]Dertouzos,M.L.Made in America:Regaining the Productive,MIT Press,1990
[33]E4.http://www.unifi.it/me4/2007-10-08
[34]Easne.http://www.ecs.umass.edu/easn/abstracts.html.2006-2-4
[35]Ecsel.http://www.eng.morgan.edu/reproj_ecsel.htm.2006-2-4
[36]EERC.Special Report:The Research Agenda for the New Discipline of Engineering Education[J].Journal of Engineering Education,2006,Vol.95,No.4:260-261.
[37]Elton,D.J.,Hanson,J.L.and Shannon,D.M.Soils Magic:Bringing Civil Engineering to the K-12 Classroom[J].Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice,2006(April):125-132
[38]Engineers Week.http://www.eweek.org.2006-05-08
[39]Etter,D.M.and Bordogna,J.Engineering Education for the 21st Century[A].1994 IEEE International Conference on Volume ⅵ,1994:33-36
[40]Etzkowitz H.The Second Academic Revolution:MIT and The Rise of Entrepreneurial Science[M].New York:Gordon & Breach,2002
[41]Feiler,P.H.Reengineering:An Engineering Problem(CMU/SEI-93-SR-5,ADA267117),Pittsburgh,Pa.:Software Engineering Institute,Carnegie-Mellon University,July 1993
[42]Fink,L.D.,Kolar,R.L.& Muraleetharan,K.K.,et al.Reengineering Sooner Civil Engineering Education[C].30th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference,2000
[43]Finniston,M.Engineering Our Future[R].1989
[44]Fitzgeard,N.Teaching with Cases[J].ASEE Prism,1995(7):16-20
[45]Foundation.http://fcl.tamu.edu/home/foundationcoalition/engineering_coalitions.html.2006-2-4
[46]Gateway.http://www.gatewaycoalition.org/main_category/main_category.aspx?mcatid=127.2006-2-4
[47]Gibbons,M.,et al.The new production of knowledge:the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies[M],1994
[48]GIC.Application reengineering(Technical Report Gpp-208)[R],1989
[49]Greenfield.http://www.greenfield-coalition.org/2006-2-4
[50]Grimes,Douglas and Warschauer.Civil Engineering Education in a Visualization Environment:Experiences with VizClass[J].JEE,2006(3):249
[51]Grinter,L.E.Report of the Committee on Evaluation of Engineering Education[R].JEE,Sept.1955,from:Appendix,JEE,Jan.1994
[52]H3E.http://www.tkk.fi/Misc/H3E/arch.html.2007-10-08
[53]Hammer and Champy.Reengineering the Corporation:A Manifesto for Business Revolution [M].HarperCollins Publishers,1993
[54]Hargreaves,D.The Mosaic of Learning:School and Teachers for the New Century[M].London:Denos,1994
[55]Harry,T.R.Reengineering education:a change is needed in U.S.engineering education[J].IEEE power & energy magazine,2004(may/june)
[56]Heitmann,G.Project-Oriented Study and Project-Organized Curricula:A Brief Review of Intentions and Solutions[J].European Journal of Engineering Education,Vol.21,No.2,1996:121
[57]IFEES.http://www.ifees.net/members/index.cfm.2008-04-12
[58]INAE.http://www.inae2007.iitm.ac.in/.2007-10-04
[59]IUGREEE.http://www.eng.iastate.edu/iugreee/index.htm.2006-05-05
[60]JiTTDL.http://webphysics.iupui.edu/jitt/jitt.html.2007-10-4
[61]Jones,J.and Edwin,C.Criteria 2000:Preparing For Outcomes Assessment[A].FIE 96Proceedings,1996
[62]Jose,M.G.,et al.Increasing human resources for science and technology in Europe[R].2004
[63]Kardos,G.Engineering Cases in the Classroom[A].Proceedings of ASEE National Conference on Engineering Case Studies,March 1979,www.civeng.carleton.ca/ECL/cclas.html.
[64]Kardos,G.,and Smith,C.O.On Writing Engineering Cases[A].Proceedings of ASEE National Conference on Engineering Case Studies,March 1979www.civeng.carleton.ca/ECL/cwrtng.html.
[65]Kirkman,A.G.,Byrd,M.V.,Jameel,H.and Heitman,J.A.The Challenge of Implementing an Inquiry-Guided Approach in a Highly Technical Curriculum[A].Teaching and Learning Through Inquiry:A Guidebook For Institutions and Instructors,Sterling,Virginia:Stylus Publishing,2004:143-156.
[66]Klein and Thompson.Crossing Boundaries:Knowledge,disciplinarities,and interdisciplinarities[M].Charlottesville and London:University Press of Virginia,1996
[67]Lattuca,L.R.,Terenzini,P.T.and Volkwein,J.F.Engineering Change:A Study of the Impact of EC2000[R].www.abet.org,2006
[68]Lee,V.S.,ed.,Teaching and Learning through Inquiry,Sterling,Virginia:Stylus Publishing,2004.
[69]Leonard,W.An Experimental Test of an Extended Discretion Laboratory Approach for University General Biology[J].Jourual of Research in Science Teaching,Vol.26,No.1,1988:79-91
[70]Lewis,W.K.Committee on Educational Survey,Report to the Faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology[R].Cambridge:Technology Press,1949.web:http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/mithistory/histories-offices/lewis-com.html
[71]Lundeberg,M.,Levin,B.and Harrington H.Who Learns What from Cases and How? The Research Base for Teaching and Learning with Cases,Mahwah,New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.,1999.
[72]Marques.Inter and multidisciplinarity in engineering education[J].International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design,2008(1):229-237
[73]Masi,C.G.Re-engineering Engineering Education[J].IEEE Spectrum,1995(32):44-47
[74]Maul,G.P.Reforming Engineering Education[J].Industrial Engineering,1994(10):53-67
[75]McCollom,K.A.and Lohmann,M.R.Convergence of Engineering and Engineering Technology Educational Program[A].CHALLENGE FOR THE FUTURE,NSPE,Washington DC,1976
[76]Mckinnon,K.R.and Walker,S.H.Benchmarking:A manual for Australian Universities[R].www.detya.gov.au/highered/otherpub/bench.pdf,2000
[77]McWilliam E.L.,et al.Research Training in Doctoral Programs-What can be learned from Professional Doctorates?[R]DEST,2002:41
[78]Mills,J.E.and Treagust,D.F.Engineering Education-Is Problem-Based or Project-Based Learning the Answer?[J].Australasian Journal of Engineering Education,2003-2004,www.aaee.com.au/journal/2003/mills_treagust03.pdf.
[79]MIT Bulletin.Interdisciplinary Research and Study[R].http://web.mit.edu/catalogne/overv.chap6.shtml,2004
[80]Mittelstrass,J.How to Maintain the Technical Momentum and Ability in the Knowledge Economy.Keynote presentation at Linking Knowledge and Society:A European Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering Conference,Royal Academy Palace,Brussels,Belgium,2001,October 16
[81]Mraz,S.J.At the Crossroads:The future of engineering education[J].Machine Design,2004
[82]NAE.Educating the Engineer of 2020:Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century[R].Washington D.C.:The National Academies Press,2005
[83]NAE.Engineering Research and America's Future:Meeting the Challenges of a Global Economy[R].http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11393.html,2005
[84]NAE.Raising Public Awareness of Engineering[R].Washington D.C.:The National Academies Press,2002
[85]NAE.The Engineer of 2020:Visions of Engineering in the New Century[R].Washington D.C.::The National Academies Press,2004
[86]Nordmann,A.Converging Technologies -Shaping the Future of European Societies[R].Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,2004
[87]NRC.Engineering Education and Practice in the United States:Foundations of Our Techno-Economic Future,Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer,National Academy Press,1985
[88]NRC.Engineering Education and Practice in the United States:Foundations of Our Techno-Economic Future.Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer,National Research Council.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1985
[89]NRC.Engineering Education:Designing an Adaptive System,NRC Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems(CETS),National Academy Press,1995
[90]NSB.Moving Forward to Improve Engineering Education[R],2007
[91]NSB.The Science and Engineering Workforce:Realizing America's Potential [R].http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2003/nsb0369/nsb0369.pdf.2003:7-11
[92]NSE Converging technologies for improving human performance[R].Kluwer Academic Publishers,2002.06
[93]NSF.Restructuring Engineering Education:A Focus on Change[R].1995,http://www.nsf.gov/
[94]NSF.Shaping the Future,Volume Ⅱ:Perspectives on Undergraduate Education in Science,Mathematics,Engineering,and Technology[R],1996
[95]OECD and Eurostat.Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources Devoted to S&T- Canberra Manual[R].Paris,1995:2-7
[96]Parker,L.The Engineering Research Center Program:An Assessment of Benefits and Outcomes[R].Engineering Education and Centers Division,National Science Foundation,Arlington,1997
[97]Pavelich,M.,Old,B.and Miller,R.Real-World Problem Solving in Freshman and Sophomore Engineering[J].New Directions for Teaching and Learning,Vol.61,1995:45-54.
[98]Penrod,J.I.and Dolence,M.G.Reengineering:A Process for Transforming Higher Education[R].CAUSE,The Association for the Management of Information Technology in Higher Education.(Professional Paper Series # 9.) 1992
[99]PLTW.about project lead the way-our goals[EB/OL].http://www.pltw.org/goals.shtml,2006b-05-08
[100]PLTW.project lead the way high school program[EB/OL].http://www.pltw.org/hsprogram.shtml,2006d-05-08
[101]PLTW.project lead the way middle school program[EB/OL].http://www.pltw.org/msprogram.shtml,2006c-05-08
[102]PLTW.Project Lead The Way selected as one of the "Best Practice" STEM Education programs[EB/OL],http://www.pltw.org/bulletins/PLTWStemAward.shtml,2006a-05-08
[103]Polanyi,M.Personal knowledge[M].Routledge,London.1958
[104]Polanyi,M.The Tacit Dimension[M].N.Y.:Doubleday& Company Inc.,1966
[105]Prados,J.W.,Peterson,G.D.and Lattuca,L.R.Quality Assurance of Engineering Education through Accreditation:The Impact of Engineering Criteria 2000 and Its Global Influence[J].JEE,2005(1):165-170
[106]Radcliff,D.F.Shaping the Discipline of Engineering Education[J].Journal of Engineering Education,2006,Vol.95,No.4:263-264.
[107]Ricards,L.G.,Gorman,M.,Soberer,W.T.and Landel,R.D.Promoting Active Learning with Cases and Instructional Modules[J].Journal of Engineering Education,Vol.84,No.4,1995:375-381.
[108]Rosenbaum,D.B.Schools Erase Chalk-and-Talk[N]Engineering News-Record,9/2/1996:24-30.
[109]RREE.http://www.mines.edu-conducting rigorous research in engineering education,2006-05-05
[110]Sakari A.The Matching of Educational and Occupational Structures in Finland and Sweden[R].CEDEFOP-European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training,Ewopis 123,1998.
[111]Scceme.http://www.calstatela.edu/centers/SCCEME/scceme.html.2006-2-4
[112]Seely,B.E.The Other Re-engineering of Engineering Education(1900-1965)[J].JEE,1999(1):285
[113]Shoemaker,B.R.论技术教育的发展和设施[J]教育研究,1986,(9):38
[114]Sina.http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2007-03-19/204612557196.shtml,2007-3-19
[115]Singer,R.and Pease,D.Effect of Guided vs.Discovery Learning Strategies on Initial Motor Task Learning,Transfer and Retention[J].The Research Quarterly,Vol.49,No.2,1978:206
[116]Smilor,R.,Dietrich,G.and Gibons,D.The Entrepreneurial University:The Role of Higher Education in the United States in Technology Commercialization and Economic Development[J].International Social Science,Journal,1993,(45):1-11
[117]Snover,J.Overview of the reengineering project at MIT.http://web.mit.edu/reeng/www/commit/reindex.html,1999
[118]SPEE.Aims and scope of engineering curricula(1940)[R].Journal of Engineering Education 30(7):555-566
[119]SPEE.Report of the Committee on Engineering Education After the War(1944)[R].Journal of Engineering Education 34(9):589
[120]SPEE.Report of the Investigation of Engineering Education,1923-1929[R].Urbana,Illinois:Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education,1930
[121]Sternberg,R.J.and Horvath,J.A.Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice:Researcher and Practitioner Perspectives[M].Mahwah,NJ:LEA,1999
[122]Stokes,Donald.Pasteur's quadrant:Basic science and technological innovation[M].Washington,D.C.:Brookings,1997
[123]Streveler,R.A.,Miller,R.L.and Smith,K.A.What is rigorous research in engineering education,presented at ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference,San Diego,CA, 2006
[124]Succeed.http://www.succeednow.org/default.asp.2006-2-4
[125]Synthesis.http://best.me.berkeley.edu/aagogino/synthesis/Publications.htm.2006-2-4
[126]Tadmor,Z.Redefining Engineering Disciplines for the Twenty-First Century[J].The Bridge,2006(Volume 36):34
[127]Tan,O.S.Problem-Based Learning Innovation,Singapore:Thomson,2003
[128]Taylor Research & Consulting Group.Taylor Report on Student & Academic Research Study[R].2000,http://www.aicpa.org/members/div/career/edu/taylor.htm
[129]TheCenter.University Organization,Governance and Competitiveness[R].2002:4-5
[130]TREE.http://www3.unifi.it/tree/.2007-11-08
[131]Tryggvason & Apelian.Re-Engineering Engineering Education for the Challenges of the 21st Century[J].JOM,2006(10):14-17
[132]UICEE.http://www.eng.monash.edu.au/uicee,2007-10-06
[133]Vest,C.M.Educating Engineers for 2020 and Beyond[J].The Bridge,2006(Volume 36):38-44
[134]Weingart,P.and Nico,S.Practising interdisciplinarity[M].Buffalo:University of Toronto Press,2000
[135]Weiss,R.Designing Problems to Promote Higher-Order Thinking[A].Problem-Based Learning in the Information Age,New Directions for Teaching and Learning[C].San Francisco:Jossey Bass,Fall 2003:25-30
[136]Wessel,D.Building a Better Engineer[J]Wall Street Journal,December 20,2005:B1
[137]Wulf,W.A.The Urgency of Engineering Education Reform[J].Journal of SMET Education,2002(3/3&4):3-9
[138]贝晓曦.BPR理论与高教管理体制改革[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版),2001,(6):61-62
[139]毕家驹.美国ABET的工程专业鉴定新进展[J].高教发展与评估,2005,(5):44-50
[140]伯顿·克拉克著,王承绪等译.高等教育系统[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社.1994
[141]博耶.学术水平反思——教授工作的重点[A].发达国家教育改革的动向和趋势(第五集)[C].北京:人民教育出版社,1994:25
[142]常松.对企业再造理论缺陷的思考[J].经济与管理,2001(8):45-46
[143]陈春明,企业再造工程集成研究[D].博士学位论文,哈尔滨工程大学,2004,13-14
[144]陈皓明,等人.清华大学研究生院对MIT的调研报告[R].浙江大学科教发展战略研究中心资料室,2006
[145]陈劲,胡建雄.面向创新型国家的工程教育改革研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006.12:3-7
[146]陈劲.最佳创新公司[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:11-12
[147]陈乐,李晓强,王沛民.科技人力资源开发的两个重要指数[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(4):14-15
[148]陈乐,王沛民.课程重建:欧洲工程教育改革的启示[J].高等工程教育研究,2006(5):11-16
[149]陈谟开.高等教育评价概论[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1988:125-128
[150]戴卫明.高校教育流程再造:必要性及其策略[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(12):45-46
[151]丁邦平,顾明远.学科课程与“活动课程”:分离还是融合[J].教育研究,2002,(10):31-34
[152]丁烈云.基于流程再造的高校管理改革探析[J].中国高等教育,2007,(22):20-21
[153]丁汀.学校再造探析[J].西北民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,(3):120-122
[154]#12
[155]杜谦,宋卫国.科技人才定义及相关统计问题[J].中国科技论坛,2004,(5):136-140
[156]方克力.中国哲学史上的知行观[M].北京:人民出版社,1982
[157]冯厚植,等人.工程教育设计与工程设计方法[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[158]高宇,高星斗.知行观的演进及其意义[J].滁州学院学报,2004,(3):28-30
[159]葛红光,张承巨.业务流程再造理论研究[J].科技与与管理,2000,(2)70-73
[160]郭丕斌.再造工程与普通高等学校管理体制改革[J].管理工程学报,2002,(16):53-54
[161]郭耀,袁望洪.再工程——概念及框架[J].计算机科学,1999,(5):78-83
[162]胡锦涛.坚持走中国特色自主创新道路,为建设创新型国家而努力奋斗——在全国科学技术大会上的讲话[R].新华网,2007-11-06
[163]黄杰,熊江陵,李必强.集成的内涵与特征初探[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2003, (7):20-21
[164]惠德兴.当代工程师手册[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,1987:74
[165]焦利芳,张聪.基于再造理念对我国高等教育改革的思考[J].高等农业教育,2003,(8):18-19
[166]经济合作与发展组织,欧盟统计局.科技人力资源手册[M].北京:新华出版社,2000
[167]柯俊.美国高等工程教育改革的近况[A].优化我国高等工程教育层次结构提高教育质量[C].浙江大学高教所资料,1993
[168]克拉克·克尔.高等教育不能回避历史——21世纪的问题[T].王承绪译.杭州:浙江教育出版社,2001:151-153
[169]孔寒冰,朱慧.高等教育基准优化的实践与启示[J].辽宁教育研究,2005,(6):16-18
[170]孔寒冰,邹晓东,王沛民.工程教育鉴定和职业资格认证初辨[J].高等工程教育研究,2005,(5):15-18
[171]雷祥麟.巨变中的科技、民主与社会[J].台湾社会研究季刊,2002
[172]李爱民.业务流程再造理论研究综述与展望[J].现代管理科学,2006,(8):29-32
[173]李伯聪.工程哲学引论[M].郑州:大象出版社,2002
[174]李正,林凤.从工程的本质看工程教育的发展趋势[J].高等教育研究,2007,(2):20-21
[175]林永康.技术史概论[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1988
[176]刘刚,王越,周思永.基于人工系统的系统理论提纲[J].系统工程与电子技术,1998,(7):28-29
[177]刘粤湘,夏玉秀,杨德凤.及时教学法:一种现代教学方式及高校教学改革示范[J].中国地质教育,2006,(03):109-112
[178]柳基思,祝怀新.顺应全球化:发展中国家高等教育的变迁与改革[J].高等教育研究,2002,(2):27-30
[179]路甬祥,王沛民.工业创新和高等工程教育改革[J].高等工程教育研究,1996,(2):7-8
[180]吕萌,孔寒冰.工程教育可持续创新的基础——兼评美国NSF的两项计划[J].高等工程教育研究,2008,(1):34-38
[181]迈克尔·哈默,詹姆斯·钱皮.改革公司——企业革命的宣言书[T].胡毓源等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1998
[182]毛亚庆.应注重以学校为主体的校本管理[J].教育研究,2002(4):78-80
[183]梅贻琦.就职演说(就任清华大学校长时的演说,1931)[A].梅贻琦教育论著选[C].刘述礼,黄延复编.北京:人民教育出版社,1993,10
[184]倪明江.创造未来——工程教育改革研究[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1999:2-7
[185]欧阳光华.一体与多元——欧盟教育政策述评[R].中外教育分析报告,2006(81):3-4
[186]帕特里夏·基利,史蒂文·梅德林,休·麦克布赖德,等.公共部门标杆管理[T].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:35-36
[187]潘云鹤.“新形势下工程教育的改革与发展”高层论坛发言,2007.09
[188]邵剑兵.企业再造理论[J].经济管理,2000,(1),62-63
[189]沈漪文,孔寒冰.科技人力资源能力建设:概念与思考[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(5):10-12
[190]田莉.及时教学的特点及对我国高校本科教学改革的启示[J].外国教育研究,2005,(11):39-43
[191]汪应洛.当代工程观与工程教育[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2008(1):6-7
[192]王重鸣.心理学研究方法[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1990
[193]王策三.教学论稿[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2005:186-187
[194]王俊涛.中国哲学中知行观的争论和演变[J].咸阳师范学院学报,2001,(5):14-16
[195]王沛民,孔寒冰.努力培养21世纪的中国工程师[J].中国工程科学,2001,(6):19-23
[196]王沛民,顾建民.高等工程教育意欲何往——兼评美国最新三个工程教育报告[J].高等教育研究,1996,(1):40-44
[197]王沛民.工程专业人才素质和培养模式初论[J].高等教育研究,1997,(6):60-66
[198]王沛民.试论理工科的选修课及其设置[J].教育研究(浙大),1986,(4):54-60
[199]王仁永.《实践论》与中国传统知行观[D].硕士学位论文,上海交通大学,2007
[200]王曙东.中国哲学史上知行观的历史发展[J].安庆师范学院学报,1994,(4):16-18
[201]王亚杰.基于集成的学位质量研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江大学,2005
[202]王雁,孔寒冰,王沛民.创业型大学:研究型大学的机遇和挑战[J].高等教育研究,2003(3):52-56
[203]王雁,孔寒冰,王沛民.两次学术革命与大学的两次转型[J].浙江大学学报(社科版), 2005,(3):24-29
[204]网易.雇主告急,拉美人的亚洲商道[EB/OL].http://biz.163.com/06/0312/17/2C1G3NUT00020QDS.html,2006-03-12
[205]翁史烈.工程教育中的产学研合作[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(5):7-8
[206]吴启迪.提高工程教育质量,推进工程教育专业认证[J].高等工程教育研究,2008,(2):1-4
[207]吴启迪.我国工程教育的改革与发展[J].中国高等教育评估,2007,(4):3-7
[208]吴志功.现代高等工程教育人才培养方向[J].中国高教研究,2007(7):13-14
[209]武欣.绩效管理实务手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:67
[210]项海帆.改革工程教育,培育创新人才[J].高等工程教育研究,2007,(5):2-3
[211]熊庆年.高教改革需系统再造[J].社会观察,2006,(9):18-19
[212]叶民,顾建民,王沛民.工程设计教育改革的理念与实践[R].浙江大学科教发展战略研究中心文库,1997
[213]于红霞,钱荣.解读未来发展不确定性的情景分析法[J].未来与发展,2006,(2):12-15
[214]于立明.基于企业再造的中国国有企业改革研究[D].博士学位论文,吉林大学,2006
[215]张光斗,柯梭,路甬祥,等.优化高等工科教育层次结构提高教育质量[R].中国科学院咨询报告,1994:1-7
[216]张炜.德国柏林工业大学的跨学科学术组织[J].比较教育研究,2003,(9):60
[217]张文雪,刘俊霞,彭晶.工程教育专业认证制度的构建及其对高等工程教育的潜在影响[J].清华大学教育研究,2007,(6):61
[218]赵凤霞,杨胜来.课程论主要思潮形成的历史背景和现实意义[J].山西体育科技,2006,(1):42-45
[219]中国经济网.http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/kjwh/jy/200409/06/t20040906_1684327.shtml,2006-07-08
[220]周兴铭.改变观念,重视并加强工程型人才培养[R].中国科学院院士建议,2006,(16):1-3
[221]朱高峰.创新人才与工程教育改革[J].高等工程教育研究,2007b,(6):5-7
[222]朱高峰.创新与工程教育——初议建立创新型国家对高等工程教育的要求[J].高等工程教育研究,2007a,(1):5-7
[223]朱友芹,张新龙,夏国平.基于全生命周期的企业流程再造(BPR)模型框架[J].工业工程,2002,(2):27-31
[224]竺可桢.大学教育之主要方针(就任浙江大学校长时的演说,1936),《浙大教育文选》[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1987:14-22
[225]邹晓东.研究型大学学科组织创新研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江大学,2004