非对称半波耦合滤波器的理论研究与优化设计
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摘要
随着无线通信技术的快速发展,尤其是GSM、WCDMA、 WIMAX、WLAN、UWB等的广泛应用,极大地刺激了通信系统的发展。微波滤波器是无线通信系统最重要的组成部分之一,无线通信系统的发展对滤波器的小型化、多频带及带外抑制等性能指标提出了更高的要求。计算机辅助设计(CAD)有助于缩短和降低微波滤波器的研发周期和研发成本。神经网络技术是一种信息处理技术,计算机辅助设计已经广泛地应用了神经网络技术。这是因为神经网络技术不仅可以对微波滤波器建立数学模型,而且可以优化滤波器的性能。本文以非对称半波耦合滤波器为基础,首先对其进行等效电路、神经网络建模的分析；然后围绕滤波器的小型化、多频带和带外抑制特性展开；最后提出了小型化、多频带和具有较好带外抑制特性的非对称半波耦合滤波器的设计方法,并设计了多款滤波器。具体描述如下：
1.为了更加全面地分析非对称半波耦合滤波器的工作原理,对其建立了等效电路模型。之后根据滤波器的传输零点、谐振、耦合等特性,提取了等效电路参数。应用神经网络技术,将频率和滤波器的三个关键物理尺寸作为输入变量,将插入损耗和回波损耗作为输出变量,建立了非对称半波耦合滤波器的数学模型。
2.针对两款应用了阶梯阻抗技术的小型化非对称半波耦合滤波器,提出了开槽的方法,这种方法可以使滤波器进一步小型化。之后应用开槽的方法对上述两款滤波器重新进行了设计,使滤波器面积分别减小了20%和37%。
3.提出了利用并联开路枝节技术小型化非对称半波耦合滤波器的方法,与此同时,使用ABCD矩阵法和等效电路法分析了并联开路枝节技术。与未经过小型化的滤波器相比,运用并联开路枝节技术设计的三款滤波器,面积分别减小了70%、67%和76%。
4.提出了利用并联开路枝节技术设计小型化多频带滤波器的方法,利用此方法设计了两款小型化双频带滤波器(中心频带2.4/5.7GHz),面积分别为12.5×10.5mm2和9.3×9.6mm2,与未经小型化的滤波器相比,面积分别减小了72%和81%。为了证明运用并联开路枝节技术可以设计多频带滤波器且通带两侧分别有传输零点,设计了三频带和四频带滤波器。
5.为了改善上述第三点中已设计出的小型化滤波器的带外抑制特性,提出了连接枝节末端的方法,这种方法能够将引起寄生通带的枝节的谐振频率降低50%。基于此方法,设计了三款具有较好的带外抑制特性的小型化非对称半波耦合滤波器。其中一款滤波器频率在1.25f0-3f0之间,插入损耗小于-20dB。
6.基于非对称耦合滤波器,提出了可调滤波器、恒定带宽的可调滤波器、双频带可调滤波器的设计方案,并分析和论证了上述方案。
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, especially the systems, such as GSM, WIMAX, WCDMA, WLAN and UWB, are widely used, which have spurred a tremendous development in communication system. Microwave filter is one of the most important part in the wireless communication system and the filters with smaller size, multi-band and harmonic suppression are required by the system. The research cycle and costs of the microwave filter can be reduced by Computer-aided design (CAD). Neural network technology often is used to process information and it has been used in computer aided design (CAD), because the mathematical model can be established and the filter performance can be optimized, expediently, by it. Based on the asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter, firstly, the equivalent circuit and neural network modeling are analyzed, then the filter design method of smaller size, multi-band, and harmonic suppression is presented. The filters with smaller size, multi-band, and harmonic suppression are designed. The author's works mainly consist of:
1. In order to analysis asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter more comprehensive, the equivalent circuit model is established, then, according to the transmission zeros, resonance and coupling, the equivalent circuit parameters are extracted. Based on the neural network theory, the smart model of asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter is established. In the smart model, the input variables are frequency and three key structure dimensions of the filter, the output variables are insertion loss and return loss of the filter.
2. According to two miniaturized asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filters with stepped impedance resonators, the method of slotting is present to miniature them. Two new filters are designed by slotting and the sizes of the two new filters are reduced by20%and37%, respectively.
3. The method of shunt open stubs is presented to miniature asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter and the method is analyzed by the method of ABCD matrix and equivalent circuit. Three filters are designed by the method and the sizes of them are reduced by70%,67%and76%, respectively.
4. The method to design miniaturized multi-band filter is presented by shunt open stubs and two filters with the center frequency of2.4/5.7GHz are designed, the sizes of them are12.5×10.5mm2and9.3×9.6mm2and the sizes of them are reduced by72%and81%, respectively. For the multi-band filter designed by the method, in order to prove there are two transmission zeros on both sides of each passband, the tri-band and quad-band filters are designed.
5. In order to improve the rejection band of the miniaturized filter, the method of connecting the shunt open stubs is presented; the resonance frequency of the parasitic pass band, caused by the shunt open stubs, can be reduced by half by the method. Based on the method, three filters with well rejection band is designed, the insertion loss of the one filter is less than-20dB between1.25f0and3f0.
6. Based on the asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter, the methods to design tunable filter, constant bandwidth tunable filter and dual-band tunable filter are presented and the methods are analyzed and demonstrated.
1.为了更加全面地分析非对称半波耦合滤波器的工作原理,对其建立了等效电路模型。之后根据滤波器的传输零点、谐振、耦合等特性,提取了等效电路参数。应用神经网络技术,将频率和滤波器的三个关键物理尺寸作为输入变量,将插入损耗和回波损耗作为输出变量,建立了非对称半波耦合滤波器的数学模型。
2.针对两款应用了阶梯阻抗技术的小型化非对称半波耦合滤波器,提出了开槽的方法,这种方法可以使滤波器进一步小型化。之后应用开槽的方法对上述两款滤波器重新进行了设计,使滤波器面积分别减小了20%和37%。
3.提出了利用并联开路枝节技术小型化非对称半波耦合滤波器的方法,与此同时,使用ABCD矩阵法和等效电路法分析了并联开路枝节技术。与未经过小型化的滤波器相比,运用并联开路枝节技术设计的三款滤波器,面积分别减小了70%、67%和76%。
4.提出了利用并联开路枝节技术设计小型化多频带滤波器的方法,利用此方法设计了两款小型化双频带滤波器(中心频带2.4/5.7GHz),面积分别为12.5×10.5mm2和9.3×9.6mm2,与未经小型化的滤波器相比,面积分别减小了72%和81%。为了证明运用并联开路枝节技术可以设计多频带滤波器且通带两侧分别有传输零点,设计了三频带和四频带滤波器。
5.为了改善上述第三点中已设计出的小型化滤波器的带外抑制特性,提出了连接枝节末端的方法,这种方法能够将引起寄生通带的枝节的谐振频率降低50%。基于此方法,设计了三款具有较好的带外抑制特性的小型化非对称半波耦合滤波器。其中一款滤波器频率在1.25f0-3f0之间,插入损耗小于-20dB。
6.基于非对称耦合滤波器,提出了可调滤波器、恒定带宽的可调滤波器、双频带可调滤波器的设计方案,并分析和论证了上述方案。
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, especially the systems, such as GSM, WIMAX, WCDMA, WLAN and UWB, are widely used, which have spurred a tremendous development in communication system. Microwave filter is one of the most important part in the wireless communication system and the filters with smaller size, multi-band and harmonic suppression are required by the system. The research cycle and costs of the microwave filter can be reduced by Computer-aided design (CAD). Neural network technology often is used to process information and it has been used in computer aided design (CAD), because the mathematical model can be established and the filter performance can be optimized, expediently, by it. Based on the asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter, firstly, the equivalent circuit and neural network modeling are analyzed, then the filter design method of smaller size, multi-band, and harmonic suppression is presented. The filters with smaller size, multi-band, and harmonic suppression are designed. The author's works mainly consist of:
1. In order to analysis asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter more comprehensive, the equivalent circuit model is established, then, according to the transmission zeros, resonance and coupling, the equivalent circuit parameters are extracted. Based on the neural network theory, the smart model of asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter is established. In the smart model, the input variables are frequency and three key structure dimensions of the filter, the output variables are insertion loss and return loss of the filter.
2. According to two miniaturized asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filters with stepped impedance resonators, the method of slotting is present to miniature them. Two new filters are designed by slotting and the sizes of the two new filters are reduced by20%and37%, respectively.
3. The method of shunt open stubs is presented to miniature asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter and the method is analyzed by the method of ABCD matrix and equivalent circuit. Three filters are designed by the method and the sizes of them are reduced by70%,67%and76%, respectively.
4. The method to design miniaturized multi-band filter is presented by shunt open stubs and two filters with the center frequency of2.4/5.7GHz are designed, the sizes of them are12.5×10.5mm2and9.3×9.6mm2and the sizes of them are reduced by72%and81%, respectively. For the multi-band filter designed by the method, in order to prove there are two transmission zeros on both sides of each passband, the tri-band and quad-band filters are designed.
5. In order to improve the rejection band of the miniaturized filter, the method of connecting the shunt open stubs is presented; the resonance frequency of the parasitic pass band, caused by the shunt open stubs, can be reduced by half by the method. Based on the method, three filters with well rejection band is designed, the insertion loss of the one filter is less than-20dB between1.25f0and3f0.
6. Based on the asymmetric half-wavelength resonators coupling filter, the methods to design tunable filter, constant bandwidth tunable filter and dual-band tunable filter are presented and the methods are analyzed and demonstrated.
引文
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