调频步进雷达信号理论与应用研究
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摘要
高分辨率雷达在军事中有着极为广泛的应用。调频步进雷达信号兼有频率步进信号和Chirp信号的优点,是一种高距离分辨力信号。本文以毫米波雷达导引头为背景,针对宽带调频步进雷达信号的一维成像进行深入研究。
首先,给出了宽带雷达信号具有高分辨能力的直观解释,推导了频率步进雷达合成高分辨一维距离像的通用数学表达式。对调频步进雷达信号进行了分析,研究了调频步进雷达信号的模糊函数、距离多普勒耦合特性和副瓣抑制问题。
其次,介绍了调频步进雷达信号合成高分辨距离像的基本原理。对调频步进雷达脉内脉间两步压缩进行了深入分析。
再次,对调频步进雷达信号的多普勒效应进行了分析和仿真,提出了先采用基于FFT的速度粗估计、再利用最小脉组误差准则的两步运动补偿方法。同时探讨了调频步进雷达信号距离像的混叠、冗余问题和距离像的拼接技术,研究了结合目标抽取和参数选取的方法解决距离像的混叠、冗余问题。
最后,介绍了双平面振幅和差式单脉冲雷达测角方法,提出了基于高分辨距离像的测角方法,介绍了调频步进单脉冲雷达体制通过三通道(和通道、方位差通道、俯仰差通道)得到目标方位角和俯仰角的基本过程。
High-resolution radar is widely used in military applications. Chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal (CSSF) is one of the high range resolution signals with merits of stepped-frequency signal and chirp signal. This dissertation studies the one dimensional imaging method of CSSF in millimeter radar guidance system.
First, the basic expression of high-resolution one dimensional range profile of the stepped frequency (SF) is deduced to explain the high resolution of the wideband signals. Then, the characteristic of CSSF is analyzed, and the ambiguity function, the coupling of range and Doppler frequency and the sidelobe suppression are studied.
Secondly, the basic process to obtain high resolution range profile of CSSF is introduced in this paper. The two-step process with Intra-pulse compression and Inter-pulse compression is further studied.
Thirdly, the Doppler effect of CSSF is analyzed and simulated. A new method for motion compensation of combined fast approximate estimation based on Fast Fourier Transformation and accurate search estimation based on the least burst error rule is proposed. Profile aliasing and redundance in CSSF are discussed, and resolved by the method which combines target pick-up and parameters-selecting algorithms.
At last, A-SD mono pulse radar is introduced. A method of angle measurement based on high resolution range profile is proposed. The process of obtaining azimuth and elevation of CSSF mono pulse radar with three channels (sum channel, azimuth difference channel, elevation difference channel) is given.
首先,给出了宽带雷达信号具有高分辨能力的直观解释,推导了频率步进雷达合成高分辨一维距离像的通用数学表达式。对调频步进雷达信号进行了分析,研究了调频步进雷达信号的模糊函数、距离多普勒耦合特性和副瓣抑制问题。
其次,介绍了调频步进雷达信号合成高分辨距离像的基本原理。对调频步进雷达脉内脉间两步压缩进行了深入分析。
再次,对调频步进雷达信号的多普勒效应进行了分析和仿真,提出了先采用基于FFT的速度粗估计、再利用最小脉组误差准则的两步运动补偿方法。同时探讨了调频步进雷达信号距离像的混叠、冗余问题和距离像的拼接技术,研究了结合目标抽取和参数选取的方法解决距离像的混叠、冗余问题。
最后,介绍了双平面振幅和差式单脉冲雷达测角方法,提出了基于高分辨距离像的测角方法,介绍了调频步进单脉冲雷达体制通过三通道(和通道、方位差通道、俯仰差通道)得到目标方位角和俯仰角的基本过程。
High-resolution radar is widely used in military applications. Chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal (CSSF) is one of the high range resolution signals with merits of stepped-frequency signal and chirp signal. This dissertation studies the one dimensional imaging method of CSSF in millimeter radar guidance system.
First, the basic expression of high-resolution one dimensional range profile of the stepped frequency (SF) is deduced to explain the high resolution of the wideband signals. Then, the characteristic of CSSF is analyzed, and the ambiguity function, the coupling of range and Doppler frequency and the sidelobe suppression are studied.
Secondly, the basic process to obtain high resolution range profile of CSSF is introduced in this paper. The two-step process with Intra-pulse compression and Inter-pulse compression is further studied.
Thirdly, the Doppler effect of CSSF is analyzed and simulated. A new method for motion compensation of combined fast approximate estimation based on Fast Fourier Transformation and accurate search estimation based on the least burst error rule is proposed. Profile aliasing and redundance in CSSF are discussed, and resolved by the method which combines target pick-up and parameters-selecting algorithms.
At last, A-SD mono pulse radar is introduced. A method of angle measurement based on high resolution range profile is proposed. The process of obtaining azimuth and elevation of CSSF mono pulse radar with three channels (sum channel, azimuth difference channel, elevation difference channel) is given.
引文
[1]Schwerdt,Chris B.,Powell,Norman F.Technical innovation of MMW seeker in an endoatmospheric interceptor.AIAA and SDIO,Annual Interceptor Technology Conference,1993,8p.
[2]Swarter,Paul H.Design of a miniaturized W-band seeker for application in an e ndoatmospheric interceptor.AIAA and SDIO,Annual Interceptor Technology Conference,June 6-9,1993,9p.
[3]G.A.Killen.Advanced technology MMW seeker testbed:a multi-technology demonstration sensor.IEEE National Radar Conference,1989:35-41
[4]殷兴良,范金荣.国外精确制导技术发展综述.现代防御技术,1996(2):1-4
[5]里海捷克.雷达分辨理论.第一版.北京:科学出版社,1973
[6]张明友,汪学刚.雷达系统.第二版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[7]林茂庸.信号理论与应用.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1990
[8]August W.Rihaczek,Principles of High-Resolution Radar.Mc Graw-Hill company,1969
[9]D.R.Wehner.High Resolution radar.Artch House,1987
[10]G.S.Gill.Step frequency waveform design and processing for detection of moving target in clutter.IEEE International Radar Conference,1996:573-578
[11]王华力,李兴国.高距离分辨率脉间频率步进系统的探讨.现代雷达,1995,17(1):91-99
[12]王一丁,李兴国等.步进频率雷达信号的模糊函数.现代雷达,1997,19(6):6-11
[13]刘峥,刘宏伟等.步进频率信号分析.西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(1):71-74
[14]彭稳高,梅友法,王磊.调频编码频率信号.现代雷达,2002,24(4):53-56
[15]龙腾.频率步进雷达信号的多普勒性能分析.现代雷达,1996,18(2):31-37
[16]李海英,杨汝良.径向速度对频率步进雷达目标距离像影响分析.电子与信息学报,2003,25(5):592-597
[17]毛二可,龙腾等.频率步进雷达数字信号处理.航空学报,2001,22(增):16-25
[18]Shen Yiying,Liu Yongtan.A step pulse train design for high resolution range imaging with Doppler resolution processing.Chinese Journal of Electronics,1999,8(2):196-199
[19]蒋楠稚,王毛路,李少洪等.频率步进脉冲距离高分辨一维成像速度补偿分析.电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):665-670
[20]刘峥,张守宏.步进频率雷达目标的运动参数估计.电子学报,2000,28(3):43-45
[21]刘铮,刘宏伟,张守宏.正负步进频率编码信号及其处理.信号处理,1999,15(增):21-25
[22]龙腾,李眈,吴琼之.频率步进雷达参数设计与目标抽取算法.系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(6):26-31
[23]李眈,龙腾.步进频率雷达目标去冗余算法.电子学报,2000,28(6):60-63
[24]穆雪华,刘峥.步进频率雷达目标距离像拼接技术研究.制导与引信,24(2):6-12
[25]张群,张涛,张守宏.运动目标环境下的调频步进信号的设计与处理.西安电子科技大学学报,1997,24(增):75-81
[26]宋玉霞.Chirp子脉冲频率步进雷达信号及处理技术研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004
[27]龙腾,毛二可,何佩琨.调频步进信号分析与处理.电子学报,1998,12(12):84-88
[28]王磊,彭稳高,陈图强.调频步进信号处理方法探讨.现代雷达,2002,24(2):60-62
[29]雷文,龙腾,韩月秋.调频步进雷达运动目标信号处理的新方法.电子学报,2000,28(12):34-37
[30]范玉芳,梁甸农.子脉冲线性调频步进雷达信号分析.信号处理,2001,17(4):318-321
[31]王树棠.一种新型雷达波形的平均模糊函数.西安工业学院学报,1997,17(3):180-183
[32]Byron M.Keel,jay A.Saffold,Mark R.Walbridge.Non-linear stepped Chirp waveforms with sub-pulse processing for range sidelobe suppression.SPIE,Vol.3395
[33]于飞,马红星,席泽敏.线性调频子脉冲频率步进雷达信号分析.雷达科学与技术,2004,2(2):77-81
[34]Teng Long,Fanghui Li,Dan Li.A high-speed real-time digital signal processor for the modulated frequency stepped pulse radar signal.Proceedings of ICSP,2000:1847-1850
[35]H.Schimpf,A.Wahlen,H.Essen.High range resolution by means of synthetic bandwidth generated by frequency-stepped chirps.ELECTRONICS LETTERS,2003,39(18)
[36]Skolnik,M.I.Radar Handbook,2nd ed,McGraw-Hill Companies,1990
[37]R.Wehner,D.High Resolution Radar.1st ed.1987,ARTECH HOUSE,INC.
[38]张劲东,顾陈等.正负频率步进雷达的运动补偿新方法.现代雷达,2009,31(2):36-39
[39]牟善祥.频率步进高距离分辨率雷达的关键技术研究.南京理工大学博士论文,2000
[40]李跃华.毫米波频率步进雷达信号检测与处理.南京理工大学博士论文,1999
[41]张守宏等.脉冲合成高分辨雷达信号分析.制导与引信,2002,23(1)
[42]刘永坦.雷达成像技术.第一版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999
[43]孙长贵.数字化技术在毫米波高分辨雷达中的应用研究.南京理工大学博士论文,2006
[44]潘建华,程少云.V-调频信号和Chirp-SF信号分辨力性能对比分析.舰船电子对抗,2002,25(1):1-3
[45]王树棠.一种新型雷达波形的平均模糊函数.西安工业学院学报,1997,17(3):180-183
[46]David C L,Airborne K.Analysis using the ambiguity function.IEEE International Radar Conference.IEEE,1990,600-605
[47]Li Haibin,Zhang Yunhua,Wu Jie.Sidelobes and Grating lobes Reduction of Stepped-Frequency Chirp Signal.IEEE MAPE,2005
[48]孙长贵,李兴国.SFP雷达-维距离像与数字距离跟踪.现代雷达,2003:147
[49]D.Taylor,S.Stretch and chirp waveform format for reduced generating and receiving hardware complexity.US Patent 5130714,1992
[50]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.第三版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[51]贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.第一版.南京:南京理工大学,1985
[52]牛涛,陈卫东.脉冲步进频率雷达的一种运动补偿新方法.中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(2):161-166
[53]D.L.Mensa.High resolution radar imaging.1981,Dedham,MA:Artch House.198p.
[54]闫金凤.基于高分辨距离像的单脉冲测角研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2007
[55]胡体玲,李兴国.双平面振幅和差式单脉冲雷达的性能分析.现代雷达, 2006,28(8):4-7
[56]赵宏钟,何松华.基于高分辨距离像的单脉冲角跟踪技术.电子学报,2000,28(4):142-144
[57]李保国,赵宏钟,付强,谢平.毫米波频率步进单脉冲雷达角跟踪技术研究.光电与控制,2006,13(1):17-19
[58]温东,刘翠海.雷达天线方向图对目标回波图像影响的仿真.电讯技术,2006(6):119-121
[2]Swarter,Paul H.Design of a miniaturized W-band seeker for application in an e ndoatmospheric interceptor.AIAA and SDIO,Annual Interceptor Technology Conference,June 6-9,1993,9p.
[3]G.A.Killen.Advanced technology MMW seeker testbed:a multi-technology demonstration sensor.IEEE National Radar Conference,1989:35-41
[4]殷兴良,范金荣.国外精确制导技术发展综述.现代防御技术,1996(2):1-4
[5]里海捷克.雷达分辨理论.第一版.北京:科学出版社,1973
[6]张明友,汪学刚.雷达系统.第二版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[7]林茂庸.信号理论与应用.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,1990
[8]August W.Rihaczek,Principles of High-Resolution Radar.Mc Graw-Hill company,1969
[9]D.R.Wehner.High Resolution radar.Artch House,1987
[10]G.S.Gill.Step frequency waveform design and processing for detection of moving target in clutter.IEEE International Radar Conference,1996:573-578
[11]王华力,李兴国.高距离分辨率脉间频率步进系统的探讨.现代雷达,1995,17(1):91-99
[12]王一丁,李兴国等.步进频率雷达信号的模糊函数.现代雷达,1997,19(6):6-11
[13]刘峥,刘宏伟等.步进频率信号分析.西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(1):71-74
[14]彭稳高,梅友法,王磊.调频编码频率信号.现代雷达,2002,24(4):53-56
[15]龙腾.频率步进雷达信号的多普勒性能分析.现代雷达,1996,18(2):31-37
[16]李海英,杨汝良.径向速度对频率步进雷达目标距离像影响分析.电子与信息学报,2003,25(5):592-597
[17]毛二可,龙腾等.频率步进雷达数字信号处理.航空学报,2001,22(增):16-25
[18]Shen Yiying,Liu Yongtan.A step pulse train design for high resolution range imaging with Doppler resolution processing.Chinese Journal of Electronics,1999,8(2):196-199
[19]蒋楠稚,王毛路,李少洪等.频率步进脉冲距离高分辨一维成像速度补偿分析.电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):665-670
[20]刘峥,张守宏.步进频率雷达目标的运动参数估计.电子学报,2000,28(3):43-45
[21]刘铮,刘宏伟,张守宏.正负步进频率编码信号及其处理.信号处理,1999,15(增):21-25
[22]龙腾,李眈,吴琼之.频率步进雷达参数设计与目标抽取算法.系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(6):26-31
[23]李眈,龙腾.步进频率雷达目标去冗余算法.电子学报,2000,28(6):60-63
[24]穆雪华,刘峥.步进频率雷达目标距离像拼接技术研究.制导与引信,24(2):6-12
[25]张群,张涛,张守宏.运动目标环境下的调频步进信号的设计与处理.西安电子科技大学学报,1997,24(增):75-81
[26]宋玉霞.Chirp子脉冲频率步进雷达信号及处理技术研究.电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2004
[27]龙腾,毛二可,何佩琨.调频步进信号分析与处理.电子学报,1998,12(12):84-88
[28]王磊,彭稳高,陈图强.调频步进信号处理方法探讨.现代雷达,2002,24(2):60-62
[29]雷文,龙腾,韩月秋.调频步进雷达运动目标信号处理的新方法.电子学报,2000,28(12):34-37
[30]范玉芳,梁甸农.子脉冲线性调频步进雷达信号分析.信号处理,2001,17(4):318-321
[31]王树棠.一种新型雷达波形的平均模糊函数.西安工业学院学报,1997,17(3):180-183
[32]Byron M.Keel,jay A.Saffold,Mark R.Walbridge.Non-linear stepped Chirp waveforms with sub-pulse processing for range sidelobe suppression.SPIE,Vol.3395
[33]于飞,马红星,席泽敏.线性调频子脉冲频率步进雷达信号分析.雷达科学与技术,2004,2(2):77-81
[34]Teng Long,Fanghui Li,Dan Li.A high-speed real-time digital signal processor for the modulated frequency stepped pulse radar signal.Proceedings of ICSP,2000:1847-1850
[35]H.Schimpf,A.Wahlen,H.Essen.High range resolution by means of synthetic bandwidth generated by frequency-stepped chirps.ELECTRONICS LETTERS,2003,39(18)
[36]Skolnik,M.I.Radar Handbook,2nd ed,McGraw-Hill Companies,1990
[37]R.Wehner,D.High Resolution Radar.1st ed.1987,ARTECH HOUSE,INC.
[38]张劲东,顾陈等.正负频率步进雷达的运动补偿新方法.现代雷达,2009,31(2):36-39
[39]牟善祥.频率步进高距离分辨率雷达的关键技术研究.南京理工大学博士论文,2000
[40]李跃华.毫米波频率步进雷达信号检测与处理.南京理工大学博士论文,1999
[41]张守宏等.脉冲合成高分辨雷达信号分析.制导与引信,2002,23(1)
[42]刘永坦.雷达成像技术.第一版.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999
[43]孙长贵.数字化技术在毫米波高分辨雷达中的应用研究.南京理工大学博士论文,2006
[44]潘建华,程少云.V-调频信号和Chirp-SF信号分辨力性能对比分析.舰船电子对抗,2002,25(1):1-3
[45]王树棠.一种新型雷达波形的平均模糊函数.西安工业学院学报,1997,17(3):180-183
[46]David C L,Airborne K.Analysis using the ambiguity function.IEEE International Radar Conference.IEEE,1990,600-605
[47]Li Haibin,Zhang Yunhua,Wu Jie.Sidelobes and Grating lobes Reduction of Stepped-Frequency Chirp Signal.IEEE MAPE,2005
[48]孙长贵,李兴国.SFP雷达-维距离像与数字距离跟踪.现代雷达,2003:147
[49]D.Taylor,S.Stretch and chirp waveform format for reduced generating and receiving hardware complexity.US Patent 5130714,1992
[50]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.第三版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[51]贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.第一版.南京:南京理工大学,1985
[52]牛涛,陈卫东.脉冲步进频率雷达的一种运动补偿新方法.中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(2):161-166
[53]D.L.Mensa.High resolution radar imaging.1981,Dedham,MA:Artch House.198p.
[54]闫金凤.基于高分辨距离像的单脉冲测角研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2007
[55]胡体玲,李兴国.双平面振幅和差式单脉冲雷达的性能分析.现代雷达, 2006,28(8):4-7
[56]赵宏钟,何松华.基于高分辨距离像的单脉冲角跟踪技术.电子学报,2000,28(4):142-144
[57]李保国,赵宏钟,付强,谢平.毫米波频率步进单脉冲雷达角跟踪技术研究.光电与控制,2006,13(1):17-19
[58]温东,刘翠海.雷达天线方向图对目标回波图像影响的仿真.电讯技术,2006(6):119-121