基于Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的低空动目标检测技术
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摘要
探测低空与超低空动目标是雷达研究领域的重要内容之一,高分辨率是解决这个问题的重要途径之一。Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号兼有频率步进信号和线性调频信号的优点,是一种高距离分辨力信号。本文对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号特性进行了研究,并对研究过程中出现的各种问题进行了分析并提出了解决方案;同时,对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号在低空动目标检测领域的应用进行了研究,为Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的实际应用提供了理论依据。
首先,本文对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号进行了波形分析,研究了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的模糊特性、频谱结构以及合成高分辨距离像的基本过程,讨论了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的高距离分辨力和宽带频谱特性。
其次,本文对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的多普勒效应进行了分析和仿真,在此基础上,分析了对其进行运动补偿的思路,提出了采用最小脉组误差准则进行运动补偿的方法。还对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号中距离像的混叠和冗余问题进行了分析,指出这些现象是Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号对不同参数的选取引起的。文中总结了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号参数选取的方法,提出了采用参数选取和目标抽取相结合的方法来解决Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号中距离像的混叠和冗余问题。
再次,本文分析了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号和Chirp信号的回波模拟问题,在此基础上,对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号和Chirp信号对低空动目标检测的性能进行了比较,结果显示Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号具有较好的性能。据此,提出了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号在低空动目标检测应用中的系统实现方案。
最后,本文就Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号通过频率分集和高距离分辨力消除多路径进行了分析仿真。随后提出了在杂波背景下对动目标进行运动补偿的方法:在同一频点发射两个Chirp子脉冲,在脉压后进行对消,以此来提高信杂比,然后利用最小脉组误差准则进行运动补偿。最后,本文利用上述方法就Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号在低空动目标检测中的应用作了系统地仿真。
Detecting target at low-altitude is one of important problems for radar. Based on high distance resolution is an important method of resolving this problem. Chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal is one of the high distance resolution signals with merits of stepped-frequency signal and chirp signal. This dissertation analyses the characteristics of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, and analyses and resolves kinds of problems in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal. This dissertation studies the use of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal in low altitude moving target, and studies and provides theoretical basis for practical application of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal and processing techniques.
First, this dissertation analyses the waveform of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, studies and simulates the ambiguity characteristics, the spectrum structure and the basic process to obtain high resolution range profiles, and discuss this signal’s high range resolution characteristic and wide spectrum characteristic.
Secondly, based on the analysis and simulations of the Doppler time-shift for chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, this dissertation analyses the velocity compensation method for moving targets in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, and presents a method for compensation of targets’velocity base on the least burst error rule. This dissertation analyses problems of profile aliasing and redundance in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, points out that these problems are resulted from different parameters of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal. This dissertation summarizes the method to select parameters of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, presents a method to resolve profile aliasing and redundance in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal by the target pick-up algorithm and selecting parameters.
Thirdly, this dissertation analyses the echo simulation of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal and chirp signal. And the detection capability of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal and chirp signal in low altitude moving target is compared. The results show that chirp- subpulse stepped frequency is better. Hereby, this dissertation present system project with chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal in
首先,本文对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号进行了波形分析,研究了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的模糊特性、频谱结构以及合成高分辨距离像的基本过程,讨论了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的高距离分辨力和宽带频谱特性。
其次,本文对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号的多普勒效应进行了分析和仿真,在此基础上,分析了对其进行运动补偿的思路,提出了采用最小脉组误差准则进行运动补偿的方法。还对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号中距离像的混叠和冗余问题进行了分析,指出这些现象是Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号对不同参数的选取引起的。文中总结了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号参数选取的方法,提出了采用参数选取和目标抽取相结合的方法来解决Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号中距离像的混叠和冗余问题。
再次,本文分析了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号和Chirp信号的回波模拟问题,在此基础上,对Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号和Chirp信号对低空动目标检测的性能进行了比较,结果显示Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号具有较好的性能。据此,提出了Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号在低空动目标检测应用中的系统实现方案。
最后,本文就Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号通过频率分集和高距离分辨力消除多路径进行了分析仿真。随后提出了在杂波背景下对动目标进行运动补偿的方法:在同一频点发射两个Chirp子脉冲,在脉压后进行对消,以此来提高信杂比,然后利用最小脉组误差准则进行运动补偿。最后,本文利用上述方法就Chirp子脉冲频率步进信号在低空动目标检测中的应用作了系统地仿真。
Detecting target at low-altitude is one of important problems for radar. Based on high distance resolution is an important method of resolving this problem. Chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal is one of the high distance resolution signals with merits of stepped-frequency signal and chirp signal. This dissertation analyses the characteristics of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, and analyses and resolves kinds of problems in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal. This dissertation studies the use of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal in low altitude moving target, and studies and provides theoretical basis for practical application of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal and processing techniques.
First, this dissertation analyses the waveform of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, studies and simulates the ambiguity characteristics, the spectrum structure and the basic process to obtain high resolution range profiles, and discuss this signal’s high range resolution characteristic and wide spectrum characteristic.
Secondly, based on the analysis and simulations of the Doppler time-shift for chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, this dissertation analyses the velocity compensation method for moving targets in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, and presents a method for compensation of targets’velocity base on the least burst error rule. This dissertation analyses problems of profile aliasing and redundance in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, points out that these problems are resulted from different parameters of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal. This dissertation summarizes the method to select parameters of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal, presents a method to resolve profile aliasing and redundance in chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal by the target pick-up algorithm and selecting parameters.
Thirdly, this dissertation analyses the echo simulation of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal and chirp signal. And the detection capability of chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal and chirp signal in low altitude moving target is compared. The results show that chirp- subpulse stepped frequency is better. Hereby, this dissertation present system project with chirp-subpulse stepped frequency signal in
引文
[1] 张永泰. 多径效应与低仰角跟踪. 遥测遥控,2000,21(2):26-32
[2] 徐成节. 低空目标检测技术研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学,2005
[3] 向敬成,张明友. 雷达系统. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001,112-151
[4] 林茂庸. 信号理论与应用. 北京:国防工业出版社,1990,
[5] 向敬成,王意青,毛自灿,等. 信号检测与估计. 成都:电子科技大学出版社,2000,233-263
[6] K. Ruttenberg, L. Chanzit. High range resolution by means of pulse to pulse frequency shifting. EASCON, 1968
[7] Einstein TH.Generation of high resolution radar range profiles and range autocorrelation function using stepped frequency pulse trains[R]. Project Report TT-54, MIT Lincoln Laboratory
[8] August W.Rihaczek, Principles of High-Resolution Radar. Mc Graw-Hill company.1969
[9] D. R. Wehner. High Resolution Radar. Artch House , 1987
[10] Gill G S. Step frequency waveform design and processing for detection of moving target in clutter[A]. IEEE International Radar Conference, 1996,p573-578
[11] 王华力,李兴国. 高距离分辨率脉间频率步进系统的探讨. 现代雷达. 1995, 17(1):91-99
[12] 王一丁,李兴国,宁军. 步进频率雷达信号的模糊函数. 现代雷达, 1997,19(6):6-11
[13] 刘峥,刘宏伟,张守宏. 步进频率信号分析. 西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(1):71-74
[14] 彭稳高,梅友法,王磊. 调频编码频率信号. 现代雷达,2002,24(4):53-56
[15] 龙腾. 频率步进雷达信号的多普勒性能分析. 现代雷达,1996,18(2):31-37
[16] 李海英,杨汝良. 径向速度对频率步进雷达目标距离像影响分析. 电子与信息学报,2003,25(5):592-597
[17] 刘静,李兴国,吴文. 波形熵法在毫米波 Costas 跳频雷达运动补偿中的应用. 红外与毫米波学报,2003,22(4):303-306
[18] 毛二可,龙腾,韩月秋. 频率步进雷达数字信号处理. 航空学报,2001,22(增刊):16-25
[19] Shen Yiying, Liu Yongtan. A step pulse train design for high resolution range imaging with Doppler resolution processing[J]. Chinese Journal of Electronics,1999,8(2):196-199
[20] 蒋楠稚,王毛路,李少洪,等. 频率步进脉冲距离高分辨一维成像速度补偿分析. 电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):665-670
[21] 刘峥,张守宏. 步进频率雷达目标的运动参数估计. 电子学报,2000,28(3):43-45
[22] 刘铮, 刘宏伟,张守宏.正负步进频率编码信号及其处理.信号处理, 1999.15(增):21-25
[23] 刘铮,张守宏.频率编码脉冲信号的模糊函数与编码优化.系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(11):38-40
[24] 张群, 张涛, 张守宏.运动目标环境下的调频步进信号的设计与处理.西安电子科技大学学报,1997,24(增):75-81
[25] 龙腾,李眈,吴琼之. 频率步进雷达参数设计与目标抽取算法. 系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(6):26-31
[26] 李眈,龙腾. 步进频率雷达目标去冗余算法. 电子学报,2000,28(6):60-63
[27] 穆雪华,刘峥. 步进频率雷达目标距离像拼接技术研究. 制导与引信,24(2):6-12
[28] 王振荣,文宏武. 脉间变频格式高距离像分辨力成像方法中系统误差的研究. 电子学报,23(12):82-85
[29] 宋玉霞. Chirp 子脉冲频率步进雷达信号及处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学,2004
[30] 潘建华,程少云. V-调频信号和 Chirp-SF 信号分辨力性能对比分析. 舰船电子对抗,2002,25(1):1-3
[31] 龙腾,毛二可,何佩琨.调频步进信号分析与处理.电子学报, 1998, 12(12): 84-88
[32] 王磊,彭稳高,陈图强.调频步进信号处理方法探讨.现代雷达,2002,24(2):60-62
[33] 雷文,龙腾,韩月秋.调频步进雷达运动目标信号处理的新方法.电子学报,2000,28(12):34-37
[34] 范玉芳,梁甸农.子脉冲线性调频步进雷达信号分析.信号处理,2001,17(4):318-321
[35] 王树棠.一种新型雷达波形的平均模糊函数.西安工业学院学报,1997,17(3):180-183
[36] Byron M. Keel, jay A. Saffold, Mark R. Walbridge, etal. Non-linear stepped Chirp waveforms with sub-pulse processing for range sidelobe suppression. SPIE, Vol.3395
[37] 于飞,马红星,席泽敏. 线性调频子脉冲频率步进雷达信号分析. 雷达科学与技术,2004,2(2):77-81
[38] Teng Long, Fanghui Li, Dan Li. A high-speed real-time digital signal processor for the modulated frequency stepped pulse radar signal. Proceedings of ICSP2000:1847-1850
[39] H. Schimpf, A. Wahlen, H. Essen. High range resolution by means of synthetic bandwidth generated by frequency-stepped chirps. ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 2003, 39(18)
[40] Abatzoglou TJ, Gheen G O. Range, radial, velocity and acceleration MLE using radar LFM pulse train. IEEE Transaction on AES,1998,34(4):1070-1084
[41] 俞卞章,李志钧,金明.数字信号处理.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1994,64-67
[42] (美)米切尔著 陈训达译.雷达系统模拟.北京:科学出版社,1982,106-124
[43] 黄德双.高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术。机械工业出版社,2001
[2] 徐成节. 低空目标检测技术研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学,2005
[3] 向敬成,张明友. 雷达系统. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001,112-151
[4] 林茂庸. 信号理论与应用. 北京:国防工业出版社,1990,
[5] 向敬成,王意青,毛自灿,等. 信号检测与估计. 成都:电子科技大学出版社,2000,233-263
[6] K. Ruttenberg, L. Chanzit. High range resolution by means of pulse to pulse frequency shifting. EASCON, 1968
[7] Einstein TH.Generation of high resolution radar range profiles and range autocorrelation function using stepped frequency pulse trains[R]. Project Report TT-54, MIT Lincoln Laboratory
[8] August W.Rihaczek, Principles of High-Resolution Radar. Mc Graw-Hill company.1969
[9] D. R. Wehner. High Resolution Radar. Artch House , 1987
[10] Gill G S. Step frequency waveform design and processing for detection of moving target in clutter[A]. IEEE International Radar Conference, 1996,p573-578
[11] 王华力,李兴国. 高距离分辨率脉间频率步进系统的探讨. 现代雷达. 1995, 17(1):91-99
[12] 王一丁,李兴国,宁军. 步进频率雷达信号的模糊函数. 现代雷达, 1997,19(6):6-11
[13] 刘峥,刘宏伟,张守宏. 步进频率信号分析. 西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(1):71-74
[14] 彭稳高,梅友法,王磊. 调频编码频率信号. 现代雷达,2002,24(4):53-56
[15] 龙腾. 频率步进雷达信号的多普勒性能分析. 现代雷达,1996,18(2):31-37
[16] 李海英,杨汝良. 径向速度对频率步进雷达目标距离像影响分析. 电子与信息学报,2003,25(5):592-597
[17] 刘静,李兴国,吴文. 波形熵法在毫米波 Costas 跳频雷达运动补偿中的应用. 红外与毫米波学报,2003,22(4):303-306
[18] 毛二可,龙腾,韩月秋. 频率步进雷达数字信号处理. 航空学报,2001,22(增刊):16-25
[19] Shen Yiying, Liu Yongtan. A step pulse train design for high resolution range imaging with Doppler resolution processing[J]. Chinese Journal of Electronics,1999,8(2):196-199
[20] 蒋楠稚,王毛路,李少洪,等. 频率步进脉冲距离高分辨一维成像速度补偿分析. 电子科学学刊,1999,21(5):665-670
[21] 刘峥,张守宏. 步进频率雷达目标的运动参数估计. 电子学报,2000,28(3):43-45
[22] 刘铮, 刘宏伟,张守宏.正负步进频率编码信号及其处理.信号处理, 1999.15(增):21-25
[23] 刘铮,张守宏.频率编码脉冲信号的模糊函数与编码优化.系统工程与电子技术,1999,21(11):38-40
[24] 张群, 张涛, 张守宏.运动目标环境下的调频步进信号的设计与处理.西安电子科技大学学报,1997,24(增):75-81
[25] 龙腾,李眈,吴琼之. 频率步进雷达参数设计与目标抽取算法. 系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(6):26-31
[26] 李眈,龙腾. 步进频率雷达目标去冗余算法. 电子学报,2000,28(6):60-63
[27] 穆雪华,刘峥. 步进频率雷达目标距离像拼接技术研究. 制导与引信,24(2):6-12
[28] 王振荣,文宏武. 脉间变频格式高距离像分辨力成像方法中系统误差的研究. 电子学报,23(12):82-85
[29] 宋玉霞. Chirp 子脉冲频率步进雷达信号及处理技术研究:[硕士学位论文]. 成都:电子科技大学,2004
[30] 潘建华,程少云. V-调频信号和 Chirp-SF 信号分辨力性能对比分析. 舰船电子对抗,2002,25(1):1-3
[31] 龙腾,毛二可,何佩琨.调频步进信号分析与处理.电子学报, 1998, 12(12): 84-88
[32] 王磊,彭稳高,陈图强.调频步进信号处理方法探讨.现代雷达,2002,24(2):60-62
[33] 雷文,龙腾,韩月秋.调频步进雷达运动目标信号处理的新方法.电子学报,2000,28(12):34-37
[34] 范玉芳,梁甸农.子脉冲线性调频步进雷达信号分析.信号处理,2001,17(4):318-321
[35] 王树棠.一种新型雷达波形的平均模糊函数.西安工业学院学报,1997,17(3):180-183
[36] Byron M. Keel, jay A. Saffold, Mark R. Walbridge, etal. Non-linear stepped Chirp waveforms with sub-pulse processing for range sidelobe suppression. SPIE, Vol.3395
[37] 于飞,马红星,席泽敏. 线性调频子脉冲频率步进雷达信号分析. 雷达科学与技术,2004,2(2):77-81
[38] Teng Long, Fanghui Li, Dan Li. A high-speed real-time digital signal processor for the modulated frequency stepped pulse radar signal. Proceedings of ICSP2000:1847-1850
[39] H. Schimpf, A. Wahlen, H. Essen. High range resolution by means of synthetic bandwidth generated by frequency-stepped chirps. ELECTRONICS LETTERS, 2003, 39(18)
[40] Abatzoglou TJ, Gheen G O. Range, radial, velocity and acceleration MLE using radar LFM pulse train. IEEE Transaction on AES,1998,34(4):1070-1084
[41] 俞卞章,李志钧,金明.数字信号处理.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1994,64-67
[42] (美)米切尔著 陈训达译.雷达系统模拟.北京:科学出版社,1982,106-124
[43] 黄德双.高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术。机械工业出版社,2001