数字信号处理在电能质量参数检测中的应用
摘要
从20世纪80年代末以来,随着电力系统规模的日益扩大,虽然缓解了电力供应的紧张局面,但是,电力系统的污染现象却日趋严重,特别是干扰性负荷,如各种电力整流设备、电弧炉、电气化铁道等不断地接入电力系统,使电力系统的电能质量受到严重威胁和影响。为保证电力系统安全稳定运行,迫切需要对电能质量的各种参数进行实时检测。随着信息科学和计算机技术的迅速发展,数字信号处理的理论得到飞跃式发展,其应用已涉及到几乎所有的工程技术领域。本文基于数字信号处理的理论,研究电能质量各稳态参数的数字化计算方法,为进一步构建电能质量参数检测系统提供一定理论基础。
本论文首先对电能质量的基本概念、定义及相关的国家标准进行归纳整理,分析了电能质量参数检测技术的国内外研究现状与发展趋势。然后,本文重点对电能质量的各种参数的数字化算法进行研究。例如对谐波参数的计算,本文在传统傅里叶算法的基础上对加窗插值的FFT算法进行了深入研究,从而有效的减少非同步采样造成的频谱泄露和栅栏效应,大大提高各次谐波幅值及相位的计算精度,同时为三相不平衡及频率参数的计算提供必要的数据来源。对于电压波动和闪变的计算,本文参考IEC给定的计算框图,采用以数字滤波器为核心的实现方法,有效的完成相关指标的检测计算。最后,为了使本文所研究的算法能进一步应用于实际的电能质量参数检测系统中,本文以NI公司的Labview软件为平台,对电能质量的各种参数进行了仿真验证,结果表明,本文所研究的算法计算精度较高,运行速度较快,满足实际测量需要。
Since the late 1980s, with the increasing of the scale of power system, although alleviate the power supply of tensions, power system of pollution phenomenon is more and more serious, especially disturbing load, such as various power rectifier equipment, electric arc furnace, electric railway constantly access electric power systems, which makes power system of power quality serious threat and influence. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system, it is urgent to detect in real time for various parameters of power quality. Along with the rapid development of the information science and computer technology, digital signal processing theory gained skip-type development, and its application has covered almost all engineering technology field. Based on the theory of digital signal processing, this paper studies the steady-state parameters of power quality digital calculation method that provides certain theoretical basis for further constructing power quality parameters testing system.
This paper firstly summarizes the basic concept of power quality, definition and related national standards, what'smore, This paper analyzes the overseas and domestic research present situation and the development tendency of power quality parameters determination technology.Then, this paper focuses on the various parameters of the power quality of digital algorithm. For example, in harmonic parameter calculation, based on the traditional Fourier algorithm this paper has a deep research into adding window interpolation FFT algorithm, which effectively reduces spectrum leakage and barrier effect caused by the synchronous sampling, and which greatly improves the calculation accuracy of each harmonic amplitude and phase. At the same time the algorithm provides necessary data sources for three-phase unbalance and frequency parameters. For voltage fluctuation and flicker calculation, based on the realization method of digital filter, this paper references the calculation diagiam given by IEC, and effectively complete relevant index detection and calculation. Lastly, in order to make the algorithm further applied in practical power quality parameters testing system, in NI company Labview software platform, the various parameters of power quality are simulated in the paper. the results show that the studied algorithm is high precision, run faster, and meet the actual measurement needs.
本论文首先对电能质量的基本概念、定义及相关的国家标准进行归纳整理,分析了电能质量参数检测技术的国内外研究现状与发展趋势。然后,本文重点对电能质量的各种参数的数字化算法进行研究。例如对谐波参数的计算,本文在传统傅里叶算法的基础上对加窗插值的FFT算法进行了深入研究,从而有效的减少非同步采样造成的频谱泄露和栅栏效应,大大提高各次谐波幅值及相位的计算精度,同时为三相不平衡及频率参数的计算提供必要的数据来源。对于电压波动和闪变的计算,本文参考IEC给定的计算框图,采用以数字滤波器为核心的实现方法,有效的完成相关指标的检测计算。最后,为了使本文所研究的算法能进一步应用于实际的电能质量参数检测系统中,本文以NI公司的Labview软件为平台,对电能质量的各种参数进行了仿真验证,结果表明,本文所研究的算法计算精度较高,运行速度较快,满足实际测量需要。
Since the late 1980s, with the increasing of the scale of power system, although alleviate the power supply of tensions, power system of pollution phenomenon is more and more serious, especially disturbing load, such as various power rectifier equipment, electric arc furnace, electric railway constantly access electric power systems, which makes power system of power quality serious threat and influence. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system, it is urgent to detect in real time for various parameters of power quality. Along with the rapid development of the information science and computer technology, digital signal processing theory gained skip-type development, and its application has covered almost all engineering technology field. Based on the theory of digital signal processing, this paper studies the steady-state parameters of power quality digital calculation method that provides certain theoretical basis for further constructing power quality parameters testing system.
This paper firstly summarizes the basic concept of power quality, definition and related national standards, what'smore, This paper analyzes the overseas and domestic research present situation and the development tendency of power quality parameters determination technology.Then, this paper focuses on the various parameters of the power quality of digital algorithm. For example, in harmonic parameter calculation, based on the traditional Fourier algorithm this paper has a deep research into adding window interpolation FFT algorithm, which effectively reduces spectrum leakage and barrier effect caused by the synchronous sampling, and which greatly improves the calculation accuracy of each harmonic amplitude and phase. At the same time the algorithm provides necessary data sources for three-phase unbalance and frequency parameters. For voltage fluctuation and flicker calculation, based on the realization method of digital filter, this paper references the calculation diagiam given by IEC, and effectively complete relevant index detection and calculation. Lastly, in order to make the algorithm further applied in practical power quality parameters testing system, in NI company Labview software platform, the various parameters of power quality are simulated in the paper. the results show that the studied algorithm is high precision, run faster, and meet the actual measurement needs.
引文
[1]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004
[2]粟时平,刘桂英编著.现代电能质量检测技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008
[3]程浩忠编著.电能质量概论[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008
[4]张洪涛,万红,杨树斌.数字信号处理[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007
[5]高西全.数字信号处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[6]郑南宁.数字信号处理[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1990
[7]Joyce Van Vegte. Fundamental of Digital Signal Processing[M]. BEIJING: Pubilishing House of Electronices Industry,2004
[8]陈建业.工业企业电能质量控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[9]黄华.现代电能质量的新问题及其应对策略[J].华东电力,2002,(3)：1-3
[10]胡铭,陈衍.电能质量及其分析方法综述[J].电网技术,2000,24(2)：36-38
[11]董其国.电能质量技术问答[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003
[12]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[13]程浩忠.电能质量讲座第一讲电能质量的研究[J].低压电器,2001,(2)：54-58
[14]DUGAN R C, MEGRANCHAN M F, BENTY H W. Electrical Power System Quality [M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1996
[15]张斌,刘晓川,许之晗.基于变换的电能质量分析方法[J].电网技术,2001,25(1)：26-29
[16]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会,欧盟-亚洲电能质量项目中国合作组编著.电能质量国家标准应用指南[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2009
[17]GB/T 12325-2008.电能质量供电电压偏差,2008
[18]GB/T 19862-2005.电能质量监测设备通用要求,2005
[19]GB/T 15945-2008.电能质量电力系统频率偏差,2008
[20]吴竞昌.供电系统谐波[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[21]GB/T 14549-93.电能质量公用电网谐波,1993
[22]GB/T 15543-2008.电能质量三相电压不平衡,2008
[23]孙树琴.电压波动与闪变[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[24]GB/T 12326-2008.电能质量电压波动和闪变,2008
[25]GB/T156-2007.标准电压,2007
[26]程佩清.数字信号处理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2000
[27]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论(1)传函数研究[J].电工技术学报,1994,1(2)：50-51
[28]张伏生.电力系统谐波分析的高精度Fourier算法[J].中国电机工程学报,1999
[29]Grandke T, Interpolation algorithms for discrete Fourier transform of weighted signals. IEEE Trans IM,1983,32:350-355
[30]Jain V K,Collins W L, Davis D C,High-accuracy analog measurements via interpolated FFT. IEEE Trans IM,1979,28:113-112
[31]Harris F J, On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform. Proc IEEE,1978,66:51-83
[32]IEC. Publication prepared by technical committee. Flickermeter functional and design specifications[S].1997,61000-4-5, No.77
[33]罗述俊,马致远,贺建闽.IEC闪变测试系统分析研究[J].四川电力技术,2008,301(2)：38-41
[34]向学军,杨盛,刘平.电压闪变仪的设计与仿真[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(7)：162-164
[35]林海雪.电力系统的三相不平衡[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[36]张易知编著.虚拟仪器的设计与实现.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[37]杨智,袁媛,贾延江编著.虚拟仪器教学实验简明教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.3
[38]阮奇桢编著.我和LabVIEW.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2009
[39]刘君华,贾惠芹,丁晖等编著.虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[40]雷振山编著.LabVIEW 7 Express实用技术教程.北京：中国铁道出版社,2004
[41]张毅.虚拟仪器技术分析与应用.北京：机械出版社,2004
[42]王海宝.LabVIEW虚拟仪器程序设计与应用.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2005
[43]杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计.北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[2]粟时平,刘桂英编著.现代电能质量检测技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008
[3]程浩忠编著.电能质量概论[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2008
[4]张洪涛,万红,杨树斌.数字信号处理[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007
[5]高西全.数字信号处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008
[6]郑南宁.数字信号处理[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1990
[7]Joyce Van Vegte. Fundamental of Digital Signal Processing[M]. BEIJING: Pubilishing House of Electronices Industry,2004
[8]陈建业.工业企业电能质量控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[9]黄华.现代电能质量的新问题及其应对策略[J].华东电力,2002,(3)：1-3
[10]胡铭,陈衍.电能质量及其分析方法综述[J].电网技术,2000,24(2)：36-38
[11]董其国.电能质量技术问答[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2003
[12]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001
[13]程浩忠.电能质量讲座第一讲电能质量的研究[J].低压电器,2001,(2)：54-58
[14]DUGAN R C, MEGRANCHAN M F, BENTY H W. Electrical Power System Quality [M]. New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1996
[15]张斌,刘晓川,许之晗.基于变换的电能质量分析方法[J].电网技术,2001,25(1)：26-29
[16]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会,欧盟-亚洲电能质量项目中国合作组编著.电能质量国家标准应用指南[M].北京：中国标准出版社,2009
[17]GB/T 12325-2008.电能质量供电电压偏差,2008
[18]GB/T 19862-2005.电能质量监测设备通用要求,2005
[19]GB/T 15945-2008.电能质量电力系统频率偏差,2008
[20]吴竞昌.供电系统谐波[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[21]GB/T 14549-93.电能质量公用电网谐波,1993
[22]GB/T 15543-2008.电能质量三相电压不平衡,2008
[23]孙树琴.电压波动与闪变[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[24]GB/T 12326-2008.电能质量电压波动和闪变,2008
[25]GB/T156-2007.标准电压,2007
[26]程佩清.数字信号处理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2000
[27]潘文,钱俞寿,周鹗.基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论(1)传函数研究[J].电工技术学报,1994,1(2)：50-51
[28]张伏生.电力系统谐波分析的高精度Fourier算法[J].中国电机工程学报,1999
[29]Grandke T, Interpolation algorithms for discrete Fourier transform of weighted signals. IEEE Trans IM,1983,32:350-355
[30]Jain V K,Collins W L, Davis D C,High-accuracy analog measurements via interpolated FFT. IEEE Trans IM,1979,28:113-112
[31]Harris F J, On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform. Proc IEEE,1978,66:51-83
[32]IEC. Publication prepared by technical committee. Flickermeter functional and design specifications[S].1997,61000-4-5, No.77
[33]罗述俊,马致远,贺建闽.IEC闪变测试系统分析研究[J].四川电力技术,2008,301(2)：38-41
[34]向学军,杨盛,刘平.电压闪变仪的设计与仿真[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(7)：162-164
[35]林海雪.电力系统的三相不平衡[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[36]张易知编著.虚拟仪器的设计与实现.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[37]杨智,袁媛,贾延江编著.虚拟仪器教学实验简明教程[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.3
[38]阮奇桢编著.我和LabVIEW.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2009
[39]刘君华,贾惠芹,丁晖等编著.虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[40]雷振山编著.LabVIEW 7 Express实用技术教程.北京：中国铁道出版社,2004
[41]张毅.虚拟仪器技术分析与应用.北京：机械出版社,2004
[42]王海宝.LabVIEW虚拟仪器程序设计与应用.成都：西南交通大学出版社,2005
[43]杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计.北京：清华大学出版社,2003