圆锥型过滤元件的流化床颗粒层过滤器研究
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摘要
能源和环境问题对高效、低污染清洁煤燃烧技术的发展提出了迫切的要求。先进的整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电、增压流化床联合循环(PFBC-CC)发电由于在发电效率、环境保护等方面具有强大的吸引力,而被国内外视为二十一世纪最有发展前途的洁净煤发电技术。IGCC、PFBC-CC能源转换系统都需要一套运行可靠、维护简单的高温煤气净化装置,能够从高温、高压的煤气中有效清除细微颗粒和气态污染物。
本文在一带有内置过滤元件流化床冷态实验台上,对圆锥型过滤元件流化床颗粒层过滤器的流化特性、阻力特性和过滤性能进行了研究,并对过滤器进行了结构优化研究,为其进一步开发及工业应用奠定理论基础。从当前我国的能源和环境形势以及洁净煤技术的发展现状出发,分析了燃煤联合循环对煤气净化的要求,介绍了陶瓷过滤器和颗粒过滤器的研究发展现状。
详细介绍了在原台架上进行的圆锥型过滤元件上滤饼厚度均匀性的实验研究。研究了改造后的圆锥型过滤元件流化床的流化特性,在试验的基础上,归纳得到了带内置过滤元件流化床最小流化速度的经验表达式。
对改造后过滤器的阻力特性进行了研究,重点研究了圆锥型过滤元件的阻力特性,建立了圆锥型多孔介质阻力模型和理想状况下滤饼阻力模型。
分析了过滤器的过滤机理,并对滤饼表面颗粒进行受力分析,建立了滤饼保持模型,得出了过滤器不需间歇反吹清灰的主要原因是颗粒间的碰撞。
The problems of energy and environment have brought forward imperative desire for clean coal technologies with high efficiency and low pollution emission. Advanced Clean Coal Technologies such as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) are expected to be a primary choice for the electrical power generation industry over the next decade because of the generation efficiency and environment protection attraction. The advanced coal-fired power conversion systems(IGCC、PFBC) require reliable and efficient gas-stream-cleanup devices that can remove fine particulate and gaseous pollutants from high temperature and high pressure gas streams.
A series of research have been made on a Fluidized Bed with particle layer filter,fluidizing feature、system resistance feature and filtration had been analyzed and discussed on this paper. The structure optimal research on the filter system had also been done,which lay a solid foundation for its investigation and further commercial application. This thesis give a development status quo of the energy、environment and the clean coal technologies,analyze the requirements for pollutants clean-up in the coal-fired power conversion systems, introduce the developing ceramic and granular filters.
The experiments about uniformity of granular cake on lab-scale are introduced in detail. The fluidizing feature of fluidized-bed with conical filtration units is researched on the rebuilt test-bed. An empirical expression of minimum fluidizing velocity is obtained on the basis of experiments.
Pressure feature of the rebuilt filtration device is researched through experiments. Setting up a pressure drop model for conical porous filtration medium and a pressure drop model on the ideally conditions.
The filtration characteristics of this filter are researched. By analyzing the types of forces acting on a sphere particle in contact with the cake, a cake maintenance model is constituted. The collision force acted by other particles is the sake of that the periodical cleaning by a backpulse of compressed gas is no longer needed for this filtration device.
本文在一带有内置过滤元件流化床冷态实验台上,对圆锥型过滤元件流化床颗粒层过滤器的流化特性、阻力特性和过滤性能进行了研究,并对过滤器进行了结构优化研究,为其进一步开发及工业应用奠定理论基础。从当前我国的能源和环境形势以及洁净煤技术的发展现状出发,分析了燃煤联合循环对煤气净化的要求,介绍了陶瓷过滤器和颗粒过滤器的研究发展现状。
详细介绍了在原台架上进行的圆锥型过滤元件上滤饼厚度均匀性的实验研究。研究了改造后的圆锥型过滤元件流化床的流化特性,在试验的基础上,归纳得到了带内置过滤元件流化床最小流化速度的经验表达式。
对改造后过滤器的阻力特性进行了研究,重点研究了圆锥型过滤元件的阻力特性,建立了圆锥型多孔介质阻力模型和理想状况下滤饼阻力模型。
分析了过滤器的过滤机理,并对滤饼表面颗粒进行受力分析,建立了滤饼保持模型,得出了过滤器不需间歇反吹清灰的主要原因是颗粒间的碰撞。
The problems of energy and environment have brought forward imperative desire for clean coal technologies with high efficiency and low pollution emission. Advanced Clean Coal Technologies such as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) are expected to be a primary choice for the electrical power generation industry over the next decade because of the generation efficiency and environment protection attraction. The advanced coal-fired power conversion systems(IGCC、PFBC) require reliable and efficient gas-stream-cleanup devices that can remove fine particulate and gaseous pollutants from high temperature and high pressure gas streams.
A series of research have been made on a Fluidized Bed with particle layer filter,fluidizing feature、system resistance feature and filtration had been analyzed and discussed on this paper. The structure optimal research on the filter system had also been done,which lay a solid foundation for its investigation and further commercial application. This thesis give a development status quo of the energy、environment and the clean coal technologies,analyze the requirements for pollutants clean-up in the coal-fired power conversion systems, introduce the developing ceramic and granular filters.
The experiments about uniformity of granular cake on lab-scale are introduced in detail. The fluidizing feature of fluidized-bed with conical filtration units is researched on the rebuilt test-bed. An empirical expression of minimum fluidizing velocity is obtained on the basis of experiments.
Pressure feature of the rebuilt filtration device is researched through experiments. Setting up a pressure drop model for conical porous filtration medium and a pressure drop model on the ideally conditions.
The filtration characteristics of this filter are researched. By analyzing the types of forces acting on a sphere particle in contact with the cake, a cake maintenance model is constituted. The collision force acted by other particles is the sake of that the periodical cleaning by a backpulse of compressed gas is no longer needed for this filtration device.
引文
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[3] 何正浩,李劲,燃煤发电SO2 污染控制技术及其在我国的应用与展望. 电力环境保护.2002.
[4] 史亚乐,李劲,燃煤电站脱硝技术的应用. 电力设计.2004.
[5] 程慧,解永刚,朱国荣,火电厂烟气脱硝技术发展趋势. 浙江电力.2005.
[6] 刘德昌,唐汝江,张世红,陈汉平,大型循环流化床锅炉的发展现状. 循环流化床锅炉最新发展研讨会.2004.
[7] 黄少鹗,国外建制大型循环流化床炉火电机组现状与发展趋势. 能源技术.2001.
[8] 陈伟,陈一平,循环流化床锅炉特点及其发展现状. 湖南电力.2005.
[9] 卢平,章名耀,增压流化床锅炉湿法给料技术的发展现状. 锅炉技术.2003.
[10] 李大骥,瑞典增压流化床联合循环(PFBC-CC)发电技术的发展现状. 热能动力工程.1998.
[11] 何语平,洁净煤发电技术-整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC).浙江电力.2003.
[12] 马金凤,陈海耿,李国军,整体煤气化联合循环的发展现状及环保优势.材料与冶金学报.2004.
[13] 朱宝田,整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)的现状和在我国的发展前景.第四届全国火力发电技术学术年会论文集[C].2003.
[14] 王云鹤,李海滨,黄海涛,陈勇,重金属在煤气化过程的分布迁移规律及控制.中国环境科学.2002.
[15] 仲兆平,戴锅生,章名耀,王世栋,徐爱群,PFBC-CC 燃机叶片试片腐蚀磨蚀初步研究.东南大学学报.1997.
[16] 李大骥,PFBC-CC 燃机叶片试片腐蚀/冲蚀的试验研究.增压流化床联合循环发电技术.1992.
[17] 肖立川,陈宏,薛国新,美国燃煤电厂的技术进展.江苏工业学院学报.2005.
[18] Duane H.Smith,Victor Powell , Goodarz Ahmadi,Essam Ibrahim, “ Analysis of Operational Filtration Data Part,Incomplete cleaning of Candle Filters”,PowderTechnology,1997.
[19] S.Laux,“Hot Gas Filtration with Ceramic filter Elements ”, Proc.of the 12th Int.Conf.on FBC,ASME,1993.
[20] 卢寿慈,粉体加工技术,p433–435.中国轻工业出版社,1998.
[21] 何朝晖,程斌,胡将军,燃煤锅炉烟气除尘脱硫一体化技术现状及发展.湖北化工.2003.
[22] 李军,刘汉周,卢啸风,循环流化床锅炉旋风分离器的最新发展.能源研究与信息.2004.
[23] G.Von Wedel,et al, “Hot Gas Filter Experience around the LLB 15MWth PCFB Test Facility”, Proc.of the 13th Int.Conf.on FBC,ASME,1995.
[24] M.Durst,et al, “Performance of Rigid Ceramic filter Elements in 8000 Hour Durability Test at High Temperatures”, Proc.of the 11th Int.Conf.on FBC,ASME,1991.
[25] W.Peukert, “Prenflo for the European IGCC at Puertollano”, Twelfth Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference Proceedings, 1995,pp.58-63.
[26] Joo-Hong Choi,et al, “Experimental study on the nozzle effect of the pulse cleaning for the ceramic filter candle”,Powder Technology 114 2001 129–135.
[27] Chikao Kanaoka,et al, “Effect of filter permeability on the release of captured dust from a rigid ceramic filter surface”,Powder Technology 118 2001 113–120.
[28] Steffen Heidenreich,et al, “Hot gas filter contributes to IGCC power plant’s reliable operation”,Feather Article ISSN0015-1882/04 . 2004 Elsevier Ltd.
[29] 陈汉平,循环流化床气固分离理论与应用.华中科技大学博士学位论文.2000.
[30] 武威,田贵山,关健,用陶瓷过滤器进行高温煤气除尘技术研究.辽宁工程技术大学学报.2000.
[31] 姬宏杰,杨家宽,肖波,陶瓷高温除尘技术的研究进展.工业安全与环保.2003.
[32] Kanaoka , Chikao , Kishima , Takamasa.Observation of the Process of Dust Accumulation on a Rigid Ceramic Filter Surface and the Mechanism of Cleaning Dust from the Filter Surface.Adv Powder Tech,1999;10(4):417～426
[33] Karsten , Michal Surst.Filtration&Separation in Corporating Dust Control Air Cleaning.Adv Powder Tech,1994;31(1)
[34] 姬忠礼,高温陶瓷过滤元件的研究进展.化工装备技术.2000.
[35] 夏兴祥,高温除尘技术综述.化工机械.2000.
[36] 何鹏,秦红霞,苍大强,颗粒床技术在高温除尘中的应用与研究.环境科学动态.2005.
[37] Tien , Final Performance Report onParticle Deposition in Granular Media.DOE/ER/13930-2DE93011612,1992
[38] WuJinhu , Study on Moving Granular Bed for High Temperature Gas Cleaning:[dissertation](学位论文).Taiyuan:Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.1998
[39] 赵建涛,黄戒介,吴晋沪,张建民,张永奇,王洋,气固错流移动颗粒床过滤器除尘效率.化工学报.2004.
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