新生代农民工面临问题与对策研究
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摘要
新生代农民工作为新世纪我国现代化建设的生力军,已经成为促进我国经济和社会结构变革的伟大力量,对我国城市建设和城市化进程作出了不可磨灭的贡献。他们在融入城市生活的过程中,更加注重自我,更加注重权益保护,更加注重发展前途。然而,他们为之献身的城市却在经济与政策上都没有做好完全接纳他们的准备,致使他们的利益受损,发展受阻。
新生代农民工问题的研究,是农民工问题研究的深化。以往的学者多数是从社会学的角度,在微观上研究新生代农民工问题。本论文是在调查与分析的基础上,遵循实事求是原则和辩证分析方法,尝试从党的政策的角度加以研究。本文从分析原生代农民工向新生代农民工演变入手,在综合对比的基础上,界定新生代农民工的概念,揭示这一群体有别于老一代农民工的个性特征,其重点是在政治、经济和社会三个方面对新生代农民工的发展困境进行了认真的分析与研究。同时,从政府、企业、社会、自身四个角度、七个方面探讨了促进新生代农民工发展的对策建议。期望这一探讨对实现农村剩余劳动力的顺利转移和新生代农民工的尊严与幸福生活有所启发。
区别学界对新生代农民工“三高一低”的特征总结,本文认为新生代农民工的个性特征突出表现在五个方面:文化层次提升,自我保护意识增强;乡土认同减弱,融入城市生活愿望强烈;更加重视自身尊严、健康与发展;消费观念和生活方式趋向城市化;吃苦耐劳精神略为欠缺。新生代农民工在彰显自我个性,融入城市化的过程中屡受挫折,在政治方面表现为:基层党组织不健全,农民工政治参与的权利受阻;身份确立不公平,无法享有他们应有的权益;法律意识淡薄,维权方式不规范。在经济方面表现为:劳动合同签订率低,工资拖欠问题依然存在;工资收入水平总体较低,住房问题难以解决;生活成本高,难以真正达到城市化生活。在社会方面表现为:就业流动性强;子女受教育不公平;社会保障水平低;社会交往较少,婚恋问题较为严重。针对新生代农民工的发展困境,本文主要从七方面探讨了对策建议:深化户籍制度改革,向以居住地为主的落户政策靠拢;完善社会保障制度和权益保障机制,实现权利的均等化;加强职业技能培训和教育,着力提高其综合素质;稳定和完善土地承包关系,为农民工回乡把好关;促进区域协调发展,着力加强县域经济;提供均等化公共服务,实现教育资源与劳动力市场一体化;改善社区管理,完善社区组织,构建良好的社区环境。
The new-generation migrant rural workers, as the new force of China's modernization in the new century, has become a great strength to promote economy and social structural changes and made indelible contribution to the urban construction and urbanization process. They pay more attention to themselves, rights protection, and future development during the process of integrating into urban life. However, the city that they dedicated to has not prepared well for accepting them in policies and economy in full extent so that their interest and development have been hindered.
The study of the new-generation migrant rural workers is to deepen the understanding of migrant rural workers. Most of the previous scholars study the new-generation migrant rural workers microcosmically from the perspective of sociology. Based on investigation and analysis, the thesis follows the principle of seeking truth from facts and the dialectical analysis to attempt to study this special group from the perspective of the Party’s policy. The thesis analyses the evolution of the new-generation of migrant workers at the start, then on the basis of synthetic correlation, it defines the concept of the new-generation of rural migrant workers and characteristics which is different from the older rural migrant workers, especially focusing on political, economic and social aspects to study and analyze dilemma of rural migrant workers’development.
At the same time, the paper discusses strategies of rural migrant workers’problems from the aspect of government, business, society, themselves and other seven aspects, hoping for an inspiration on the realization of transferring surplus rural labor their dignified life.
Differential with the“three high and one low”features the scholars summarized, this paper thinks that the new-generation of rural migrant workers are endowed with the following five features: a general increase in level of education, a strong sense of self-protection; a weakness of local identity, a strong desire to integrate into urban life; more attention to their dignity, health and development; an urbanization trend of consuming attitude and life style; a lack of hard-working. in the process of integrating into urban life and demonstrating their personality, they have many difficulties. The aspects of politics are as follows: the block in the right of political participation because of imperfectness of the Party organization at the primary level; unfairness in establishing identity and no deserved rights and interests; weakness in legal consciousness and irregular ways in rights-safeguarding. The aspects of economic are as follows: low rate in labor contract signing, existence of wage arrears, the overall low level of wage income, difficult in housing, the high cost of living leading to difficult in living urbanization life; Social aspects are as follows: the increase of job mobility; inequality in children education; low level of social security; Less social interaction and more serious problems of marriage; In light of the plight in the development of the rural migrant workers, this thesis explores the strategies in seven aspects: deepening the reform of household registration system and the policy of settling down to the place of residence; perfecting the social security system and interests and rights security, achieving equal rights; enhancing vocational skills training and education for the purpose of improving their overall quality; Stabilize and improve the land contract relations for their backing home; coordinating regional development, strengthening the county economy; providing them with equal public services achieving integration of educational resources and labor market; Improving community management, perfecting community-based organizations and constructing a pleasant community environment.
新生代农民工问题的研究,是农民工问题研究的深化。以往的学者多数是从社会学的角度,在微观上研究新生代农民工问题。本论文是在调查与分析的基础上,遵循实事求是原则和辩证分析方法,尝试从党的政策的角度加以研究。本文从分析原生代农民工向新生代农民工演变入手,在综合对比的基础上,界定新生代农民工的概念,揭示这一群体有别于老一代农民工的个性特征,其重点是在政治、经济和社会三个方面对新生代农民工的发展困境进行了认真的分析与研究。同时,从政府、企业、社会、自身四个角度、七个方面探讨了促进新生代农民工发展的对策建议。期望这一探讨对实现农村剩余劳动力的顺利转移和新生代农民工的尊严与幸福生活有所启发。
区别学界对新生代农民工“三高一低”的特征总结,本文认为新生代农民工的个性特征突出表现在五个方面:文化层次提升,自我保护意识增强;乡土认同减弱,融入城市生活愿望强烈;更加重视自身尊严、健康与发展;消费观念和生活方式趋向城市化;吃苦耐劳精神略为欠缺。新生代农民工在彰显自我个性,融入城市化的过程中屡受挫折,在政治方面表现为:基层党组织不健全,农民工政治参与的权利受阻;身份确立不公平,无法享有他们应有的权益;法律意识淡薄,维权方式不规范。在经济方面表现为:劳动合同签订率低,工资拖欠问题依然存在;工资收入水平总体较低,住房问题难以解决;生活成本高,难以真正达到城市化生活。在社会方面表现为:就业流动性强;子女受教育不公平;社会保障水平低;社会交往较少,婚恋问题较为严重。针对新生代农民工的发展困境,本文主要从七方面探讨了对策建议:深化户籍制度改革,向以居住地为主的落户政策靠拢;完善社会保障制度和权益保障机制,实现权利的均等化;加强职业技能培训和教育,着力提高其综合素质;稳定和完善土地承包关系,为农民工回乡把好关;促进区域协调发展,着力加强县域经济;提供均等化公共服务,实现教育资源与劳动力市场一体化;改善社区管理,完善社区组织,构建良好的社区环境。
The new-generation migrant rural workers, as the new force of China's modernization in the new century, has become a great strength to promote economy and social structural changes and made indelible contribution to the urban construction and urbanization process. They pay more attention to themselves, rights protection, and future development during the process of integrating into urban life. However, the city that they dedicated to has not prepared well for accepting them in policies and economy in full extent so that their interest and development have been hindered.
The study of the new-generation migrant rural workers is to deepen the understanding of migrant rural workers. Most of the previous scholars study the new-generation migrant rural workers microcosmically from the perspective of sociology. Based on investigation and analysis, the thesis follows the principle of seeking truth from facts and the dialectical analysis to attempt to study this special group from the perspective of the Party’s policy. The thesis analyses the evolution of the new-generation of migrant workers at the start, then on the basis of synthetic correlation, it defines the concept of the new-generation of rural migrant workers and characteristics which is different from the older rural migrant workers, especially focusing on political, economic and social aspects to study and analyze dilemma of rural migrant workers’development.
At the same time, the paper discusses strategies of rural migrant workers’problems from the aspect of government, business, society, themselves and other seven aspects, hoping for an inspiration on the realization of transferring surplus rural labor their dignified life.
Differential with the“three high and one low”features the scholars summarized, this paper thinks that the new-generation of rural migrant workers are endowed with the following five features: a general increase in level of education, a strong sense of self-protection; a weakness of local identity, a strong desire to integrate into urban life; more attention to their dignity, health and development; an urbanization trend of consuming attitude and life style; a lack of hard-working. in the process of integrating into urban life and demonstrating their personality, they have many difficulties. The aspects of politics are as follows: the block in the right of political participation because of imperfectness of the Party organization at the primary level; unfairness in establishing identity and no deserved rights and interests; weakness in legal consciousness and irregular ways in rights-safeguarding. The aspects of economic are as follows: low rate in labor contract signing, existence of wage arrears, the overall low level of wage income, difficult in housing, the high cost of living leading to difficult in living urbanization life; Social aspects are as follows: the increase of job mobility; inequality in children education; low level of social security; Less social interaction and more serious problems of marriage; In light of the plight in the development of the rural migrant workers, this thesis explores the strategies in seven aspects: deepening the reform of household registration system and the policy of settling down to the place of residence; perfecting the social security system and interests and rights security, achieving equal rights; enhancing vocational skills training and education for the purpose of improving their overall quality; Stabilize and improve the land contract relations for their backing home; coordinating regional development, strengthening the county economy; providing them with equal public services achieving integration of educational resources and labor market; Improving community management, perfecting community-based organizations and constructing a pleasant community environment.
引文
1.《邓小平文选》第3卷.人民出版社,1999
2.《江泽民文选》(1-3)卷.人民出版社,2006
3.《国务院关于解决农民工问题的若干意见》.新华社, 2006
4.国家统计局.《中国农村住户调查年鉴》.中国统计出版社,2005
5.国务院研究室课题组.《中国农民工调研报告》.中国言实出版社,2006
6.全国总工会.《新生代农民工调研报告》.新华网,2010
7.刘俊彦.《新生代—当代中国青年农民工研究报告》.中国青年出版社,2007
8.刘怀廉.《中国农民工问题》.人民出版社,2005
9.谢建社.《新产业工人阶层—社会转型中的“农民工”》.社会科学文献出版社,2005
10.简新华.黄锟等.《中国工业化和城市化过程中的农民工问题研究》.人民出版社,2008
11.李善同.《农民工在城市的就业、收入与公共服务城市贫困的视角》.经济科学出版社,2009
12.韩长赋.《中国农民工的发展与终结》.中国人民大学出版社,2007
13.赫广义.《城市化进城中的农民工问题》.中国社会科学出版社,2007
14.程新征.《中国农民工若干问题研究》.中央编译出版社,2007
15.杨云善.时明德.《中国农民工问题分析》.中国经济出版社,2005
16.王颖著.《中国农民打工调查》.中共中央党校出版社,2005
17.魏城.《中国农民工调查》.法律出版社,2008
18.史柏年.《城市边缘人——进城农民工家庭及其子女问题研究》.社会科学文献出版社,2005
19.陈曦文等.《英国社会转型时期的经济发展研究》.首都师范大学出版社, 2002
1.王春光.新生代农村流动人口的社会认同与城乡融合关系[J].社会学研究.2001年,第3期
2.丁志宏.我国新生代农民工的特征分析[J].兰州学报.2009年,第7期
3.颜琴.新生代农民工身心健康问题研究. [J].中国劳动关系学院学报.2010年10月
4.孙瑞灼.“新生代农民工”融入城市路在何方[J].视点
5.钟宏亮.农民工“新生代”问题初探[J].广西教育学院学报.2006年,第3期
6.谢小蓉.“新生代”民工荒释放什么信号[J].浙江经济.2006年4月
7.何瑞鑫.何慧芳:新生代农民工的价值观变迁[J].中国青年研究.2006年4月
8.陆海华.对“新生代农民工”问题的探讨[J].经济理论研究
9.张敏.新生代农民工需求变迁与广东民营企业人本管理模式构建[J].2007年,第10期
10.朱丹华.曾丹凤.坚持以人为本,关爱新生代农民工[J].经济与社会发展.2008年3月
11.刘建荣.新生代农民工的制度保障诉求[J].学习论坛.2008年7月
12.刘博.秦海霞.生活方式的转变与社会身份的缺失—对服务业新生代农民工城市生活的个案研究[J].青年研究.2009年,第4期
13.吴漾.论新生代农民工的特点[J].社会学研究.2009年,第8期
14.谢建社.新生代农民工社会抗压能力亟待增强. [J].福建论坛:人文社会科学版.2010年,第8期
15.吴红宇.谢国强.新生代农民工的特征、利益诉求及角色转变—基于东莞塘夏镇的调查分析[J].南方人口.2006年,第2期
16.吴海峰.我国农民工问题的现状与发展趋势[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究.2009年,第9期
17.刘奉越.成人教育在促进新生代农民工社会流动中的使命[J].职教论坛.2006年,第10期
18.柳松.李大胜.农民工社会保障研究文献综述[J].商业研究.2007年5月
19.李扬.我国农民工问题研究现状文献综述[J].重庆工商大学学报.2005年6月
20.贺少成.师英.和他们在一起—新生代农民工调查背后的故事[J].新闻三味.2006年9月
21.王正中.“民工荒”现象与新生代农民工的理性选择[J].理论学刊.2006年9月
22.魏晓东.新生代农民工问题研究. [J].广西社会主义学院学报.2010年10月
23.徐怡.新生代农民工初探. [J].湖北农业科学.2010年9月
2.《江泽民文选》(1-3)卷.人民出版社,2006
3.《国务院关于解决农民工问题的若干意见》.新华社, 2006
4.国家统计局.《中国农村住户调查年鉴》.中国统计出版社,2005
5.国务院研究室课题组.《中国农民工调研报告》.中国言实出版社,2006
6.全国总工会.《新生代农民工调研报告》.新华网,2010
7.刘俊彦.《新生代—当代中国青年农民工研究报告》.中国青年出版社,2007
8.刘怀廉.《中国农民工问题》.人民出版社,2005
9.谢建社.《新产业工人阶层—社会转型中的“农民工”》.社会科学文献出版社,2005
10.简新华.黄锟等.《中国工业化和城市化过程中的农民工问题研究》.人民出版社,2008
11.李善同.《农民工在城市的就业、收入与公共服务城市贫困的视角》.经济科学出版社,2009
12.韩长赋.《中国农民工的发展与终结》.中国人民大学出版社,2007
13.赫广义.《城市化进城中的农民工问题》.中国社会科学出版社,2007
14.程新征.《中国农民工若干问题研究》.中央编译出版社,2007
15.杨云善.时明德.《中国农民工问题分析》.中国经济出版社,2005
16.王颖著.《中国农民打工调查》.中共中央党校出版社,2005
17.魏城.《中国农民工调查》.法律出版社,2008
18.史柏年.《城市边缘人——进城农民工家庭及其子女问题研究》.社会科学文献出版社,2005
19.陈曦文等.《英国社会转型时期的经济发展研究》.首都师范大学出版社, 2002
1.王春光.新生代农村流动人口的社会认同与城乡融合关系[J].社会学研究.2001年,第3期
2.丁志宏.我国新生代农民工的特征分析[J].兰州学报.2009年,第7期
3.颜琴.新生代农民工身心健康问题研究. [J].中国劳动关系学院学报.2010年10月
4.孙瑞灼.“新生代农民工”融入城市路在何方[J].视点
5.钟宏亮.农民工“新生代”问题初探[J].广西教育学院学报.2006年,第3期
6.谢小蓉.“新生代”民工荒释放什么信号[J].浙江经济.2006年4月
7.何瑞鑫.何慧芳:新生代农民工的价值观变迁[J].中国青年研究.2006年4月
8.陆海华.对“新生代农民工”问题的探讨[J].经济理论研究
9.张敏.新生代农民工需求变迁与广东民营企业人本管理模式构建[J].2007年,第10期
10.朱丹华.曾丹凤.坚持以人为本,关爱新生代农民工[J].经济与社会发展.2008年3月
11.刘建荣.新生代农民工的制度保障诉求[J].学习论坛.2008年7月
12.刘博.秦海霞.生活方式的转变与社会身份的缺失—对服务业新生代农民工城市生活的个案研究[J].青年研究.2009年,第4期
13.吴漾.论新生代农民工的特点[J].社会学研究.2009年,第8期
14.谢建社.新生代农民工社会抗压能力亟待增强. [J].福建论坛:人文社会科学版.2010年,第8期
15.吴红宇.谢国强.新生代农民工的特征、利益诉求及角色转变—基于东莞塘夏镇的调查分析[J].南方人口.2006年,第2期
16.吴海峰.我国农民工问题的现状与发展趋势[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究.2009年,第9期
17.刘奉越.成人教育在促进新生代农民工社会流动中的使命[J].职教论坛.2006年,第10期
18.柳松.李大胜.农民工社会保障研究文献综述[J].商业研究.2007年5月
19.李扬.我国农民工问题研究现状文献综述[J].重庆工商大学学报.2005年6月
20.贺少成.师英.和他们在一起—新生代农民工调查背后的故事[J].新闻三味.2006年9月
21.王正中.“民工荒”现象与新生代农民工的理性选择[J].理论学刊.2006年9月
22.魏晓东.新生代农民工问题研究. [J].广西社会主义学院学报.2010年10月
23.徐怡.新生代农民工初探. [J].湖北农业科学.2010年9月