福建土楼群屋面风压干扰效应研究
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摘要
世界文化遗产福建土楼是世界上独一无二的山区大型夯土民居建筑,以其神奇的聚落环境、特有的空间形式、巧夺天工的建造技术和深邃的土楼文化,令世界瞩目。福建地处东南沿海台风频发地区,而土楼屋盖为轻质木结构,为保护夯土墙避雨挡水,屋檐外挑较大,产生较大极值风压,不利于抗风,致使其屋盖多有风损破坏。土楼建造多以群体形式体现,对于以群落布置的土楼群的风荷载,须考虑其干扰效应。福建土楼是典型的异型低矮建筑,到目前为止,国内外尚未有考虑多个异型低矮建筑间的风干扰效应的研究。因此,多个土楼建筑间的风干扰效应研究具有十分重要的意义。
本文在学习总结前人主要研究成果的基础上,采用数值模拟的方法较为系统的研究了福建土楼中最为典型的圆形土楼间的气动干扰效应。首先分析了两个几何外形相同的圆形土楼在不同方向角下,随着间距改变,土楼的风压分布及流场特性,得到了屋面各分区平均风压系数干扰因子变化规律以及不同间距时土楼特征截面处的风特性变化规律,对比单体土楼进行了详细的讨论。然后在两个土楼风干扰的研究基础上,增加一个施扰土楼,探讨三个土楼时土楼周围的流场及其屋面风压系数干扰因子的变化,对比一个施扰土楼的工况,分析施扰建筑个数对风干扰大小的影响程度。
最后本文还利用数值模拟技术对田螺坑土楼群进行风干扰分析。在对该地区的气象资料分析基础上,对土楼群体进行数值模拟。分析在最常见风向角东北风下,各土楼周围的风流场的改变,以及屋面各分区风压系数干扰因子的变化。对土楼屋面做出抗风性能评价,并结合土楼建筑特色的实际情况,提出解决方案。
本文运用数值模拟的方法对典型低矮异型建筑福建土楼群进行详细分析讨论,获得了不同风向角不同间距土楼屋面各分区风压系数干扰因子的变化规律,研究成果可以为土楼建筑的抗风保护提供参考。
The World Cultural Heritage Fujian Earth Building is the unique large rammed earth folk houses in mountainous area, which has absorbed the attentions from the whole world by its magical inhabited environment, special space organization, excellent guarding system, skillful building technology as well as profound earth building culture. Fujian located in the southeast coastal regions of China, and typhoon frequently visits, and the roof of Earth Buildings is timber structure, to protect the rammed earth wall away from rain, the eaves cantilever is significant large which cause higher peak pressure, not benefit for wind-resistant, and always result wind-induced damage. Earth Building is most constructed in form of groups, for wind load of Earth Building which arrangement in groups, the interference effects should be considered. Fujian Earth Building is typical low-rise irregular building, the interference of low-rise irregular buildings have not been studied at home and abroad so far. So it is of great significance to investigate the wind-load interference characteristics of Earth Buildings. On the basis of the existing research achievements, the wind
interference characteristic of typical circular Earth Buildings was studied systematically by using numerical simulation techniques in this dissertation. Firstly, the numerical simulation was performed to determine the wind pressure distributions and flow field of two circular Earth Buildings of the same geometrical shape but with different distance in different wind directions. Compared with the single Earth Building, the change law of wind pressure coefficients interference factors of each zone and the wind characteristics of the characteristic profile were obtained. Secondly, on the basis of the research of two Earth Buildings, one more
Earth Building was added in, the changes of wind flow field and wind pressure coefficients interference factors of each zone were discussed, influence degree of the Earth Buildings quantity was analyzed. Finally, the interference of TianLuoKeng Earth Buildings was studied by using numerical simulation technology. With the meteorological data, TianLuoKeng Earth Buildings was simulated in the most common wind direction-northeast wind, so the changes of wind flow field and wind pressure coefficient interference factors of each zone were obtained. The capability of wind resistance was evaluated, and same solutions were proposed combining the actual situation of architectural features of Earth Buildings.
Numerical simulation techniques were adopted to analyze and discuss the interference of typical low-rise irregular buildings, the changes of the wind pressure coefficient interference factors of each zone with different distance in different wind directions were obtained. The results can provide the reference for wind-resisting protection of Earth Buildings.
本文在学习总结前人主要研究成果的基础上,采用数值模拟的方法较为系统的研究了福建土楼中最为典型的圆形土楼间的气动干扰效应。首先分析了两个几何外形相同的圆形土楼在不同方向角下,随着间距改变,土楼的风压分布及流场特性,得到了屋面各分区平均风压系数干扰因子变化规律以及不同间距时土楼特征截面处的风特性变化规律,对比单体土楼进行了详细的讨论。然后在两个土楼风干扰的研究基础上,增加一个施扰土楼,探讨三个土楼时土楼周围的流场及其屋面风压系数干扰因子的变化,对比一个施扰土楼的工况,分析施扰建筑个数对风干扰大小的影响程度。
最后本文还利用数值模拟技术对田螺坑土楼群进行风干扰分析。在对该地区的气象资料分析基础上,对土楼群体进行数值模拟。分析在最常见风向角东北风下,各土楼周围的风流场的改变,以及屋面各分区风压系数干扰因子的变化。对土楼屋面做出抗风性能评价,并结合土楼建筑特色的实际情况,提出解决方案。
本文运用数值模拟的方法对典型低矮异型建筑福建土楼群进行详细分析讨论,获得了不同风向角不同间距土楼屋面各分区风压系数干扰因子的变化规律,研究成果可以为土楼建筑的抗风保护提供参考。
The World Cultural Heritage Fujian Earth Building is the unique large rammed earth folk houses in mountainous area, which has absorbed the attentions from the whole world by its magical inhabited environment, special space organization, excellent guarding system, skillful building technology as well as profound earth building culture. Fujian located in the southeast coastal regions of China, and typhoon frequently visits, and the roof of Earth Buildings is timber structure, to protect the rammed earth wall away from rain, the eaves cantilever is significant large which cause higher peak pressure, not benefit for wind-resistant, and always result wind-induced damage. Earth Building is most constructed in form of groups, for wind load of Earth Building which arrangement in groups, the interference effects should be considered. Fujian Earth Building is typical low-rise irregular building, the interference of low-rise irregular buildings have not been studied at home and abroad so far. So it is of great significance to investigate the wind-load interference characteristics of Earth Buildings. On the basis of the existing research achievements, the wind
interference characteristic of typical circular Earth Buildings was studied systematically by using numerical simulation techniques in this dissertation. Firstly, the numerical simulation was performed to determine the wind pressure distributions and flow field of two circular Earth Buildings of the same geometrical shape but with different distance in different wind directions. Compared with the single Earth Building, the change law of wind pressure coefficients interference factors of each zone and the wind characteristics of the characteristic profile were obtained. Secondly, on the basis of the research of two Earth Buildings, one more
Earth Building was added in, the changes of wind flow field and wind pressure coefficients interference factors of each zone were discussed, influence degree of the Earth Buildings quantity was analyzed. Finally, the interference of TianLuoKeng Earth Buildings was studied by using numerical simulation technology. With the meteorological data, TianLuoKeng Earth Buildings was simulated in the most common wind direction-northeast wind, so the changes of wind flow field and wind pressure coefficient interference factors of each zone were obtained. The capability of wind resistance was evaluated, and same solutions were proposed combining the actual situation of architectural features of Earth Buildings.
Numerical simulation techniques were adopted to analyze and discuss the interference of typical low-rise irregular buildings, the changes of the wind pressure coefficient interference factors of each zone with different distance in different wind directions were obtained. The results can provide the reference for wind-resisting protection of Earth Buildings.
引文
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[10]焦燏烽.低层四坡屋面房屋风特性及相互干扰的数值模拟[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
[1] Shakeel-Ahmad,krishen-Kumar. Interference effects on wind loads on low-rise hip roof buildings[J]. Engineering Structures. 2001(23): 1577-1589.
[2]谢壮宁.群体高层建筑风荷载干扰研究[D].同济大学桥梁工程, 2003.
[3]赵青春,彭兴黔,周显鹏,乔常贵.低矮双坡屋面房屋风干扰效应的数值模拟分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版). 2008, 36(6): 863-867.
[4] Kumar-A. Wind interference amongst low-rise buildings[R]. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee,India, , 1994.
[5]张瑜明,焦烽,张珂.低矮建筑群风荷载作用下干扰效应的数值模拟[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版. 2009, 30(2): 57-61.
[6]焦燏烽.低层四坡屋面房屋风特性及相互干扰的数值模拟[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
[7]全涌,顾明,田村幸雄,黄鹏.周边建筑对低矮建筑平屋盖上风压的干扰效应[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版). 2009, 37(12): 1576-1580.
[8]全涌,顾明,田村幸雄,黄鹏,松井正宏.周边建筑对低矮建筑平屋面风荷载的干扰因子[J].土木工程学报. 2010, 43(2): 20-25.
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[1]孙炳楠,付国宏. 9417号台风对温州民房破坏的调查[C].结构风工程研究及进展—第七届全国结构风效应学术会议:重庆大学出版, 1995.
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[4]孙瑛,全涌,田村幸雄,松井正宏,曹曙阳,吉田昭仁,胥森.不同屋檐类型对低矮建筑表面风荷载的影响[Z].第13届全国结构风工程会议: 2007837-842.
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[6]周磊. RBF神经网络在群体超高层建筑干扰效应中的应用[D].汕头大学硕士学位论文, 2007.
[7]黄汉民.福建土楼[M].北京:三联书店, 2003.
[8]邵昆,彭兴黔,刘春艳,徐刚.土楼数值风洞模拟计算域的设置[J].郑州轻工业学院学报. 2010, 25(4).
[9]黄本才,汪丛军.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2008.
[10]焦燏烽.低层四坡屋面房屋风特性及相互干扰的数值模拟[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
[1] Shakeel-Ahmad,krishen-Kumar. Interference effects on wind loads on low-rise hip roof buildings[J]. Engineering Structures. 2001(23): 1577-1589.
[2]谢壮宁.群体高层建筑风荷载干扰研究[D].同济大学桥梁工程, 2003.
[3]赵青春,彭兴黔,周显鹏,乔常贵.低矮双坡屋面房屋风干扰效应的数值模拟分析[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版). 2008, 36(6): 863-867.
[4] Kumar-A. Wind interference amongst low-rise buildings[R]. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee,India, , 1994.
[5]张瑜明,焦烽,张珂.低矮建筑群风荷载作用下干扰效应的数值模拟[J].河南科技大学学报:自然科学版. 2009, 30(2): 57-61.
[6]焦燏烽.低层四坡屋面房屋风特性及相互干扰的数值模拟[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
[7]全涌,顾明,田村幸雄,黄鹏.周边建筑对低矮建筑平屋盖上风压的干扰效应[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版). 2009, 37(12): 1576-1580.
[8]全涌,顾明,田村幸雄,黄鹏,松井正宏.周边建筑对低矮建筑平屋面风荷载的干扰因子[J].土木工程学报. 2010, 43(2): 20-25.
[9]杨玉珍.中国民居建筑的奇葩—福建土楼[J].百姓生活. 2010, 5: 62-64.
[10]黄本才,汪丛军.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2008.
[1] Koikekoi-H. Evolution of CFD software from academic code to practical engineering software[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 1999, 81: 41-55.
[2]苏锡璋.人类建筑的瑰宝—南靖土楼[J].福建地理. 2002, 17(1): 35-37.
[3]杨玉珍.中国民居建筑的奇葩—福建土楼[J].百姓生活. 2010, 5: 62-64.
[4]黄汉民.福建土楼[M].北京:三联书店, 2003.
[5] Short P J R P. Wind pressures on a 6m cube[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2001, 89: 1553-1564.
[6]中华人民共和国建设部.建筑结构荷载规范(2006年版)[S]. 2002.
[7]黄本才,汪丛军.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2008.
[8] S Senthooran D L S P. A computational model to calculate the flow-induced pressure fluctuations on buildings[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2004, 92: 1131-1145.