直驱永磁风电—燃料电池混合系统建模及功率平滑控制
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摘要
全球正面临着能源危机、环境污染和气候变化的压力,应用新能源发电随之成为电力工业发展的时代课题。本文选择风力发电系统中最具有发展前景的直驱永磁风力发电系统DDPGWPS(Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Wind Power System)和燃料电池中最具有商业前景的固体氧化物燃料电池SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)作为研究对象。构建了DDPGWPS与SOFC混合发电系统,提出了全风况下按给定功率输出的控制策略,研究了利用SOFC平滑DDPGWPS在全风况下按给定功率输出的功率波动并给出了仿真波形,最后,构建了孤岛中风-氢混合发电系统并进行了功率控制的比较研究。整个研究工作为未来分布式发电系统中新能源的功率控制提供了理论参考。
首先,基于二质量块-轴数学模型构建了一个包含风速模型、功率转换模型、传动链模型等三个部分的10MW变速直驱型风涡轮机组的标么值MATLAB动态模型。作为风力发电系统的原动力模型,该模型有助于进一步仿真研究变速DDPGWPS的功率特性和并网发电控制技术。
建立了直驱永磁风力发电机DDPMWG (Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Wind Generator)的电气数学模型和空间状态d-q控制模型,仿真确定了一个10兆瓦DDPMWG的电气参数。在恒定风速下,研究了用BOOST-CHOPPER电路控制永磁发电机转速和输出功率的控制原理及控制参数的整定。构建了使用PWM桥式整流电路控制DDPMWG转速和功率的解耦控制的数学模型及控制电路,提出了一种基于三环P1控制环对有功功率进行控制的控制电路,外环为功率控制环,中环为转速控制环,内环为电流控制环。与传统的两环PI控制电路相比较,这种控制方法直接利用了DDPMWG的功率与转速之间良好的线性关系进行控制,因而具有更好的控制性能且更容易实现稳健的控制策略。仿真分析表明,具有三环PI控制环的PWM整流控制电路比BOOST-CHOPPER控制电路具有更快的控制响应速度、更高的DDPMWG电磁利用率以及更好的定子电流正弦波特性。
构建了PWM逆变器解耦控制的数学模型及仿真控制电路,仿真分析了并网发电的两种功率控制方式。基于前面的研究及参数的设定,构建了10兆瓦DDPGWPS,在此基础上提出了一种全风况下、基于三环PI控制、按任意给定功率控制的智能稳健控制策略。利用这种策略,能实现当风功率达到了给定功率的时候,按给定功率控制输出,而当风功率达不到给定功率的时候,限定转速在最大风功率所对应的转速上,从而实现最大风功率的追踪,同时,还能防止出现功率失控的状态。提出了一种快速、简单,高效的最大风功率追踪方法,用这种方法改善了按给定功率控制策略中的最大功率追踪方法,在不降低其追踪速度的前提下,提高了其追踪的准确度。进一步提出了一种高于额定风速时,利用DDPMWG的大惯性平滑给定输出功率波动的新颖改进控制策略。仿真验证了上述控制策略的正确性。
在考虑浓差极化电压和活性极化电压的基础上,建立了SOFC的集总数学模型,给出了其稳态电压电流特性的MATLAB仿真。基于滞回比较的方法建立了SOFC并网输出功率的控制电路,仿真了其动态负荷跟踪特性。由于风速的随机性,间歇性造成DDPGWPS输出功率在风功率不足时,出现向下凹的波动,提出了一种实时功率互补的控制策略,利用SOFC多模块组合形成的充足的电功率和快速的负荷跟随特性平滑DDPGWPS输出功率波动并给出了仿真波形。
提出了一种用于小孤岛的风-氢混合发电系统,这种系统通过使用电解水制氢储能装置、燃料电池、风力发电机组和柴油机发电机组,采用交流连接的方式,能给小孤岛中的负荷提供较高质量的绿色电能,同时,电解水制氢储能装置所产生的氢气,被用来做为燃料电池的燃料,使风能能得到充分的利用。通过仿真,比较分析了该系统的功率平滑控制特性。
The globe is facing the pressure of energy crisis, environmental pollution and climate change. The application of new energy resources to power generation then becomes the topic of the era of power industry development. DDPMWPS (direct driving permanent magnet wind power generation systems) which is the most promising in wind power system and SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) which boasts the greatest commercial prospects in fuel cells are chosen in this paper as the research objects. Hybrid power generation systems composed of DDPMWPS and SOFC are built, and the control strategy is proposed in accordance with the setting power under all wind speed situation. In the research, SOFC is used to smooth DDPMWPS'output power fluctuations under all wind speed situation, and the simulation wave form is also presented. The research provides theoretical references for new energy power control of distributed power generation system in the future..
First of all, a dynamic model of10MW variable speed direct drive wind turbines is built on matlab, which consists of wind speed model, power conversion model and drive train model based on two-mass mathematical model. As the prime mover of the wind-power generation system, this model will be helpful for further researches on the power characteristics of DDPGWPS and grid-connected control technique.
Electrical mathematical model and space state d-q control model are established, and the DDPMWG (direct drive permanent magnet wind generator) electrical parameter of10MW is identified through simulation. Under constant wind speed, the control principle and parameters'setting about the rotating speed and output power control of DDPMWG are researched by means of BOOST-CHOPPER circuit. The mathematical model and control circuit are built by using PWM bridge rectifier circuit to control PMWG's rotor speed and power decoupling. And a controlling circuit controlling the active power is proposed based on the three-layer PI control structure, with the outer layer as the power control loop, the middle-layer as the rotor speed control loop and the inner-layer as the current control loop. This control method makes direct use of the excellent linear relation between the power and the rotation speed of DDPMWG for control, which therefore shows better control performance and realizes the steady control strategy more easily. The simulation analysis shows that compared with BOOST-CHOPPER, PWM with three-layer PI control structure has faster control response speed, higher electromagnetic utilization and better stator current sine wave characteristics.
Mathematical model and simulation control circuit of PWM inverter decoupling control are built. Two power control methods of gird-connected power generation are analyzed.10MW DDPGWPS is established based on the previous analysis and parameters setting. On this basis, an intelligent control strategy with any given value of power under all wind speed situation and based on three-layer PI control is provided. By means of this strategy, when the wind power reaches the setting power, it shall be outputted in the setting power, and when the wind power fails to reach the setting power, the rotate speed shall be limited to the speed corresponding to the largest wind power, so as to trace the largest wind power. At the mean time, the incontrollable power can be prevented. A fast, simple and highly-efficient maximum wind power tracking method is put forward, which has improved the maximum power tracking method according to the setting power control strategy and enhanced the tracking accuracy without reducing the tracking speed. Further more, a novel control strategy is given to smooth the setting output power fluctuation by virtue of the considerable inertia of DDPMWG when it is higher than the rated wind speed. The correctness of the above-mentioned control strategy is testified through simulation.
Lumped mathematical model of SOFC is built based on the concentration polarization voltage and active polarization voltage, and the matlab simulation of steady-state voltage and current characteristics is given. The control circuit with SOFC connected to grid is established based on hysteresis comparison method and dynamic load response performance is researched by simulation. With the randomness of the wind speed, the sunken fluctuation of the DDPGWPS output power appears when the wind power is insufficient. The real-time power complementation control strategy is proposed. The sufficient power and rapid load tracking characteristics composed of SOFC multi modules are used to smooth DDPGWPS output power fluctuations, and the simulation wave form is given.
A wind-hydrogen hybrid power system is proposed for isolated islands, which can supply high-quality green energy through using wind energy, fuel cell, diesel generator, and an aqua electrolyzer with alternative energy facilities. The generated hydrogen by an aqua electrolyzer is used as fuel for a fuel cell so that wind can be fully utilized. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the system.
首先,基于二质量块-轴数学模型构建了一个包含风速模型、功率转换模型、传动链模型等三个部分的10MW变速直驱型风涡轮机组的标么值MATLAB动态模型。作为风力发电系统的原动力模型,该模型有助于进一步仿真研究变速DDPGWPS的功率特性和并网发电控制技术。
建立了直驱永磁风力发电机DDPMWG (Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Wind Generator)的电气数学模型和空间状态d-q控制模型,仿真确定了一个10兆瓦DDPMWG的电气参数。在恒定风速下,研究了用BOOST-CHOPPER电路控制永磁发电机转速和输出功率的控制原理及控制参数的整定。构建了使用PWM桥式整流电路控制DDPMWG转速和功率的解耦控制的数学模型及控制电路,提出了一种基于三环P1控制环对有功功率进行控制的控制电路,外环为功率控制环,中环为转速控制环,内环为电流控制环。与传统的两环PI控制电路相比较,这种控制方法直接利用了DDPMWG的功率与转速之间良好的线性关系进行控制,因而具有更好的控制性能且更容易实现稳健的控制策略。仿真分析表明,具有三环PI控制环的PWM整流控制电路比BOOST-CHOPPER控制电路具有更快的控制响应速度、更高的DDPMWG电磁利用率以及更好的定子电流正弦波特性。
构建了PWM逆变器解耦控制的数学模型及仿真控制电路,仿真分析了并网发电的两种功率控制方式。基于前面的研究及参数的设定,构建了10兆瓦DDPGWPS,在此基础上提出了一种全风况下、基于三环PI控制、按任意给定功率控制的智能稳健控制策略。利用这种策略,能实现当风功率达到了给定功率的时候,按给定功率控制输出,而当风功率达不到给定功率的时候,限定转速在最大风功率所对应的转速上,从而实现最大风功率的追踪,同时,还能防止出现功率失控的状态。提出了一种快速、简单,高效的最大风功率追踪方法,用这种方法改善了按给定功率控制策略中的最大功率追踪方法,在不降低其追踪速度的前提下,提高了其追踪的准确度。进一步提出了一种高于额定风速时,利用DDPMWG的大惯性平滑给定输出功率波动的新颖改进控制策略。仿真验证了上述控制策略的正确性。
在考虑浓差极化电压和活性极化电压的基础上,建立了SOFC的集总数学模型,给出了其稳态电压电流特性的MATLAB仿真。基于滞回比较的方法建立了SOFC并网输出功率的控制电路,仿真了其动态负荷跟踪特性。由于风速的随机性,间歇性造成DDPGWPS输出功率在风功率不足时,出现向下凹的波动,提出了一种实时功率互补的控制策略,利用SOFC多模块组合形成的充足的电功率和快速的负荷跟随特性平滑DDPGWPS输出功率波动并给出了仿真波形。
提出了一种用于小孤岛的风-氢混合发电系统,这种系统通过使用电解水制氢储能装置、燃料电池、风力发电机组和柴油机发电机组,采用交流连接的方式,能给小孤岛中的负荷提供较高质量的绿色电能,同时,电解水制氢储能装置所产生的氢气,被用来做为燃料电池的燃料,使风能能得到充分的利用。通过仿真,比较分析了该系统的功率平滑控制特性。
The globe is facing the pressure of energy crisis, environmental pollution and climate change. The application of new energy resources to power generation then becomes the topic of the era of power industry development. DDPMWPS (direct driving permanent magnet wind power generation systems) which is the most promising in wind power system and SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) which boasts the greatest commercial prospects in fuel cells are chosen in this paper as the research objects. Hybrid power generation systems composed of DDPMWPS and SOFC are built, and the control strategy is proposed in accordance with the setting power under all wind speed situation. In the research, SOFC is used to smooth DDPMWPS'output power fluctuations under all wind speed situation, and the simulation wave form is also presented. The research provides theoretical references for new energy power control of distributed power generation system in the future..
First of all, a dynamic model of10MW variable speed direct drive wind turbines is built on matlab, which consists of wind speed model, power conversion model and drive train model based on two-mass mathematical model. As the prime mover of the wind-power generation system, this model will be helpful for further researches on the power characteristics of DDPGWPS and grid-connected control technique.
Electrical mathematical model and space state d-q control model are established, and the DDPMWG (direct drive permanent magnet wind generator) electrical parameter of10MW is identified through simulation. Under constant wind speed, the control principle and parameters'setting about the rotating speed and output power control of DDPMWG are researched by means of BOOST-CHOPPER circuit. The mathematical model and control circuit are built by using PWM bridge rectifier circuit to control PMWG's rotor speed and power decoupling. And a controlling circuit controlling the active power is proposed based on the three-layer PI control structure, with the outer layer as the power control loop, the middle-layer as the rotor speed control loop and the inner-layer as the current control loop. This control method makes direct use of the excellent linear relation between the power and the rotation speed of DDPMWG for control, which therefore shows better control performance and realizes the steady control strategy more easily. The simulation analysis shows that compared with BOOST-CHOPPER, PWM with three-layer PI control structure has faster control response speed, higher electromagnetic utilization and better stator current sine wave characteristics.
Mathematical model and simulation control circuit of PWM inverter decoupling control are built. Two power control methods of gird-connected power generation are analyzed.10MW DDPGWPS is established based on the previous analysis and parameters setting. On this basis, an intelligent control strategy with any given value of power under all wind speed situation and based on three-layer PI control is provided. By means of this strategy, when the wind power reaches the setting power, it shall be outputted in the setting power, and when the wind power fails to reach the setting power, the rotate speed shall be limited to the speed corresponding to the largest wind power, so as to trace the largest wind power. At the mean time, the incontrollable power can be prevented. A fast, simple and highly-efficient maximum wind power tracking method is put forward, which has improved the maximum power tracking method according to the setting power control strategy and enhanced the tracking accuracy without reducing the tracking speed. Further more, a novel control strategy is given to smooth the setting output power fluctuation by virtue of the considerable inertia of DDPMWG when it is higher than the rated wind speed. The correctness of the above-mentioned control strategy is testified through simulation.
Lumped mathematical model of SOFC is built based on the concentration polarization voltage and active polarization voltage, and the matlab simulation of steady-state voltage and current characteristics is given. The control circuit with SOFC connected to grid is established based on hysteresis comparison method and dynamic load response performance is researched by simulation. With the randomness of the wind speed, the sunken fluctuation of the DDPGWPS output power appears when the wind power is insufficient. The real-time power complementation control strategy is proposed. The sufficient power and rapid load tracking characteristics composed of SOFC multi modules are used to smooth DDPGWPS output power fluctuations, and the simulation wave form is given.
A wind-hydrogen hybrid power system is proposed for isolated islands, which can supply high-quality green energy through using wind energy, fuel cell, diesel generator, and an aqua electrolyzer with alternative energy facilities. The generated hydrogen by an aqua electrolyzer is used as fuel for a fuel cell so that wind can be fully utilized. Simulation results verify the feasibility of the system.
引文
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