高柔结构质量阻尼器振动控制应用研究
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摘要
高柔建筑结构周期较大,风荷载效应明显,结构舒适性和安全性需特别关注,质量阻尼器是减小该类结构风致振动的有效措施。世界上已有较多建筑采用质量阻尼器来减少风荷载和地震作用等多种激励下的振动。然而,在实际应用中,被动、半主动和主动质量阻尼器均存在若干关键问题需要研究,如时滞、控制算法等。为促进质量阻尼器振动控制技术的进一步发展和应用,综合质量阻尼器在实际应用中的具体问题,从被动、半主动和主动三个方面系统地研究了质量阻尼器振动控制的理论与应用,为质量阻尼器的具体实施提供了理论依据,主要内容包括以下几个方面:
(1)考虑地震激励作用,基于相对能量公式,研究了TMD对系统各种能量的控制效果,并考虑TMD子结构参数摄动,探讨了TMD控制系统各种能量谱的变化规律。研究结果表明,荷载激励频谱成份对SDOF-TMD控制系统能量的控制效果有较大影响,在荷载主要频率成份段,TMD控制系统能量随子结构参数摄动变化规律明显。
(2)针对最优调谐质量阻尼器在风荷载激励下行程过大的问题,提出了离位阻尼和开关阻尼两种限位振动控制策略。考虑限位间距和限位阻尼参数的变化,以广州新电视塔为分析模型,研究了两种限位阻尼控制策略下的结构位移和加速度响应控制效果变化规律。研究结果表明,开关阻尼限位的控制效果对间距更为敏感,离位阻尼限位控制对加速度峰值有更好的控制效果,两种阻尼限位控制策略均能在结构响应控制效果损失较小的情况下限制更大的TMD摆幅。
(3)针对一类密频结构响应中多阶频率占主要成分的振动控制问题,提出了风振激励下基于小波频率识别的半主动可调调谐质量阻尼器振动控制方法。以深圳梧桐山电视塔作为研究对象进行了仿真分析,结果表明,该方法相比经典TMD振动控制,能控制更多的结构频率,控制效果更好,在结构刚度发生变化时也能取得较好的控制效果。
(4)针对混合质量阻尼器控制器时滞的问题,建立了单自由度结构考虑时滞影响的HMD控制系统基本特性与时滞相关的六次超越特征方程,得到了系统各阶频率与时滞的数值变化关系,研究了HMD控制系统在时滞影响下的失稳机理。研究结果表明,HMD控制系统中AMD的设计频率和阻尼对控制系统的时滞有较大影响,是决定系统最大允许时滞的主要因素;过大的时滞将率先激起控制系统高阶频率的高阶负阻尼,且其失稳破坏机理为驱动力高频强迫振动引起的失稳。提出了HMD控制系统基于模糊自适应调节的滑模变结构时滞补偿控制方法,并考虑地震作用和风荷载激励,以广州新电视塔为分析模型,论证该算法时滞补偿控制的有效性。
(5)研究了HMD控制系统最优时滞补偿控制算法,对该最优时滞补偿控制算法的时滞鲁棒性进行了评估。设计了主动控制试验模型,选取直线电机作为AMD的驱动设备,进行了HMD控制系统最优补偿控制的试验研究,从试验上对比研究了地震激励下HMD最优时滞补偿和TMD的控制效果。试验结果表明,HMD系统最优时滞补偿算法控制效果较好且易实现,HMD能取得比TMD更好的控制效果。
(6)提出了高柔结构主动质量阻尼器振动控制设计的通用设计方法,以深圳京基金融中心为分析对象,考虑模型试验横风荷载和脉动风荷载激励,选取极点配置控制算法,按照所提出的设计步骤详细地研究了该结构AMD振动控制设计。结果表明,在不同风荷载激励下,AMD均能有效控制结构响应。进一步结合该结构的空间布置和控制指标要求,提出了基于新型滚珠丝杠旋转螺杆驱动的AMD振动控制系统实施方案。
The common characteristics of high-flexible buildings are that it has long fundamental period and the vibration response is mainly controlled with wind excitation. It is effective for mass dampers to reduce the high-flexible structural vibration induced with wind. The wordwide implementation of the mass dampers has been improved rapidely, especially more and more domastic high-flexbile buildings have been and to be equiped with mass dampers, however, there still are some key problems to be researched for the Pass/SATMD/Active mass dampers for applications and for improving the structural comfortability and safety. In order to consider the detailed problems and facilitate the applications of the mass dampers the mass damper theory and application have been studied which support the mass damper design, the main contents are following:
(1) Considering the earthquake excitations and based on the relative energy formulars, the system energy control effect and the energy spectrum of TMD control system has been studied. The results show that the main frequency spectrum of load excitations influences the control system energy response and the variation rules of TMD control system energy response is obvious as the TMD parameters changes when the structure frequency is close to the load main frequency.
(2) The position-off and On-Off damper position-limited control strategies are proposed to limit the maxium displacement of thd moving mass for TMD. The variation rules of the structural displacement and acceleration response are researched as the position-limited and changeable damper parameter adaptive based on the analysis model of Guangzhou New TV Tower. The results show that the control effect of position-limited On-Off damper is sensitive to the limited space, the control effect of the position-off damper is much better for the structural acceleration reponse, moreover, the movement space for moving mass of TMD can be limited as expected with the less loss of the control effect for the main structural response based on the two control strategies.
(3) Considering the vibration control problem for the class of close frequency structures that the several frequencies are dominant of the structural reponse, the semi-tunalbe TMD vibration control method is proposed with the wavelet time-frequency analysis identify technology based the TMD basic principle. The simulating analysis is conducted based on the Shenzhen Wutongshan TV Tower. It shows that it can control the several frequencies of the structure at the same time and gets much better control effect than the classical TMD and it is effective even as the structural stiffness changed range at±15%.
(4) For the HMD controller time-delay problm, the six order transcendental proper equation of SDOF-HMD time-delay control system is estabilished. The proper equation is solved and the numerical relationship of structural frequency and damping ration are obtained, moreover, the nonstablity reason is found that the large time-delay will cause the structural high-frequency nonstable. Furthermore, the HMD time-delay compensation control method of fuzzy adaptive adjusting siliding is proposed. Considering the Guangzhou New TV Tower as the analysis model, the method is validated to be effective.
(5) The algorithm of optimal time-delay compensation control of HMD control system is proposed which is proved to be robust for the time-delay occurrence with the numerical simulation. The optimal compensation method is proved from the active control test model with the linear motor as the driving device. The results show that the compensation control method is effective and easy to be implemented and the HMD control effect is much bette than TMD under the earthquake excitations.
(6) The general design method is proposed for mass damper vibration control of the high-flexible structures. Based on the real structure of Shenzhen Kingkey Finance Center, the AMD vibration control is designed according to the proposed general method with the pole assignment algorithm under the tested across wind load and simulating along fluctuating wind excitation. The results show that it is effective of the AMD to control the structural response under different wind load, furthermore, according the structural space condiction, the AMD control system implement plan is proposed by the new screw assembling driving devices.
(1)考虑地震激励作用,基于相对能量公式,研究了TMD对系统各种能量的控制效果,并考虑TMD子结构参数摄动,探讨了TMD控制系统各种能量谱的变化规律。研究结果表明,荷载激励频谱成份对SDOF-TMD控制系统能量的控制效果有较大影响,在荷载主要频率成份段,TMD控制系统能量随子结构参数摄动变化规律明显。
(2)针对最优调谐质量阻尼器在风荷载激励下行程过大的问题,提出了离位阻尼和开关阻尼两种限位振动控制策略。考虑限位间距和限位阻尼参数的变化,以广州新电视塔为分析模型,研究了两种限位阻尼控制策略下的结构位移和加速度响应控制效果变化规律。研究结果表明,开关阻尼限位的控制效果对间距更为敏感,离位阻尼限位控制对加速度峰值有更好的控制效果,两种阻尼限位控制策略均能在结构响应控制效果损失较小的情况下限制更大的TMD摆幅。
(3)针对一类密频结构响应中多阶频率占主要成分的振动控制问题,提出了风振激励下基于小波频率识别的半主动可调调谐质量阻尼器振动控制方法。以深圳梧桐山电视塔作为研究对象进行了仿真分析,结果表明,该方法相比经典TMD振动控制,能控制更多的结构频率,控制效果更好,在结构刚度发生变化时也能取得较好的控制效果。
(4)针对混合质量阻尼器控制器时滞的问题,建立了单自由度结构考虑时滞影响的HMD控制系统基本特性与时滞相关的六次超越特征方程,得到了系统各阶频率与时滞的数值变化关系,研究了HMD控制系统在时滞影响下的失稳机理。研究结果表明,HMD控制系统中AMD的设计频率和阻尼对控制系统的时滞有较大影响,是决定系统最大允许时滞的主要因素;过大的时滞将率先激起控制系统高阶频率的高阶负阻尼,且其失稳破坏机理为驱动力高频强迫振动引起的失稳。提出了HMD控制系统基于模糊自适应调节的滑模变结构时滞补偿控制方法,并考虑地震作用和风荷载激励,以广州新电视塔为分析模型,论证该算法时滞补偿控制的有效性。
(5)研究了HMD控制系统最优时滞补偿控制算法,对该最优时滞补偿控制算法的时滞鲁棒性进行了评估。设计了主动控制试验模型,选取直线电机作为AMD的驱动设备,进行了HMD控制系统最优补偿控制的试验研究,从试验上对比研究了地震激励下HMD最优时滞补偿和TMD的控制效果。试验结果表明,HMD系统最优时滞补偿算法控制效果较好且易实现,HMD能取得比TMD更好的控制效果。
(6)提出了高柔结构主动质量阻尼器振动控制设计的通用设计方法,以深圳京基金融中心为分析对象,考虑模型试验横风荷载和脉动风荷载激励,选取极点配置控制算法,按照所提出的设计步骤详细地研究了该结构AMD振动控制设计。结果表明,在不同风荷载激励下,AMD均能有效控制结构响应。进一步结合该结构的空间布置和控制指标要求,提出了基于新型滚珠丝杠旋转螺杆驱动的AMD振动控制系统实施方案。
The common characteristics of high-flexible buildings are that it has long fundamental period and the vibration response is mainly controlled with wind excitation. It is effective for mass dampers to reduce the high-flexible structural vibration induced with wind. The wordwide implementation of the mass dampers has been improved rapidely, especially more and more domastic high-flexbile buildings have been and to be equiped with mass dampers, however, there still are some key problems to be researched for the Pass/SATMD/Active mass dampers for applications and for improving the structural comfortability and safety. In order to consider the detailed problems and facilitate the applications of the mass dampers the mass damper theory and application have been studied which support the mass damper design, the main contents are following:
(1) Considering the earthquake excitations and based on the relative energy formulars, the system energy control effect and the energy spectrum of TMD control system has been studied. The results show that the main frequency spectrum of load excitations influences the control system energy response and the variation rules of TMD control system energy response is obvious as the TMD parameters changes when the structure frequency is close to the load main frequency.
(2) The position-off and On-Off damper position-limited control strategies are proposed to limit the maxium displacement of thd moving mass for TMD. The variation rules of the structural displacement and acceleration response are researched as the position-limited and changeable damper parameter adaptive based on the analysis model of Guangzhou New TV Tower. The results show that the control effect of position-limited On-Off damper is sensitive to the limited space, the control effect of the position-off damper is much better for the structural acceleration reponse, moreover, the movement space for moving mass of TMD can be limited as expected with the less loss of the control effect for the main structural response based on the two control strategies.
(3) Considering the vibration control problem for the class of close frequency structures that the several frequencies are dominant of the structural reponse, the semi-tunalbe TMD vibration control method is proposed with the wavelet time-frequency analysis identify technology based the TMD basic principle. The simulating analysis is conducted based on the Shenzhen Wutongshan TV Tower. It shows that it can control the several frequencies of the structure at the same time and gets much better control effect than the classical TMD and it is effective even as the structural stiffness changed range at±15%.
(4) For the HMD controller time-delay problm, the six order transcendental proper equation of SDOF-HMD time-delay control system is estabilished. The proper equation is solved and the numerical relationship of structural frequency and damping ration are obtained, moreover, the nonstablity reason is found that the large time-delay will cause the structural high-frequency nonstable. Furthermore, the HMD time-delay compensation control method of fuzzy adaptive adjusting siliding is proposed. Considering the Guangzhou New TV Tower as the analysis model, the method is validated to be effective.
(5) The algorithm of optimal time-delay compensation control of HMD control system is proposed which is proved to be robust for the time-delay occurrence with the numerical simulation. The optimal compensation method is proved from the active control test model with the linear motor as the driving device. The results show that the compensation control method is effective and easy to be implemented and the HMD control effect is much bette than TMD under the earthquake excitations.
(6) The general design method is proposed for mass damper vibration control of the high-flexible structures. Based on the real structure of Shenzhen Kingkey Finance Center, the AMD vibration control is designed according to the proposed general method with the pole assignment algorithm under the tested across wind load and simulating along fluctuating wind excitation. The results show that it is effective of the AMD to control the structural response under different wind load, furthermore, according the structural space condiction, the AMD control system implement plan is proposed by the new screw assembling driving devices.
引文
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