国防科技工业资源配置模式下主导性产业选择与发展研究
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摘要
国防科技工业是战略性产业,主要包括航天工业、航空工业、核工业、船舶工业、兵器工业和军工电子等产业,是高端技术和先进制造的代表。国防科技工业资源配置效果将直接影响一个国家科技创新能力和装备制造水平,影响一个国家的综合国力。因此,分析国防科技工业资源配置状况,在国防科技工业资源配置模式确定主导产业和明确主导产业发展策略的研究具有重要的现实意义。本文从资源配置理论、国防科技工业资源配置目标模式、主导产业选择与发展策略三个相互依托的方面对这个问题展开研究。
本文对国内外研究现状进行了文献综述和评析,指出资源配置仅仅融入经济学之中,还没有形成比较完善的理论体系,而且资源配置理论在国防科技工业领域中应用的研究几乎是一个空白。本文对资源配置理论展开深入研究,揭示了资源配置的运作机制。资源配置源于资源的稀缺性,技术选择决定资源配置方式与配置效率,决定一定时期的产业结构。技术选择的过程是优胜劣汰的过程,经过每一轮次的技术选择与创造,会使资源配置在更高层次上实现优化。主导产业是实现资源优化配置的驱动轮,有利于形成合理的产业结构。资源优化配置与集约化发展、价值链管理具有一致性。
本文构建了因子分析模型,确定国防科技工业资源配置目标体系的范畴。结合资源配置理论和定性分析,从产权制度、运行机制和实现路径三个方面提出了国防科技工业资源配置目标模式。在此基础上,本文构建了两个模型：DEA聚类分析模型和基于信息熵改进的模糊综合评价模型,分别从微观和宏观角度对国防科技工业资源配置实际运行效果进行分析,所得到的结论一致,即国防科技工业运行效果一般；符合国防科技工业运行的实际情况。
基于资源的稀缺性,任何资源配置的过程都不是均衡推进的,而是通过选择主导产业实现协调发展。因此,由于国家财力有限,实现国防科技工业资源配置目标模式不可能面面俱到,只能突出重点,选择主导型产业项目作为产业发展策略,以带动整个产业协调发展。在选择方法上,本文提出了仅有产出的DEA模型作为主导性产业项目选择的分析方法。通过分析评价,确定大飞机产业作为主导产业。这样的结果既体现了专家智慧的结晶,也是国民经济发展到一定阶段历史必然的选择。
国防科技工业几乎涵盖了一个国家全部工业的精华,而大飞机制造业又是精华中的精华,被誉为“工业之花”。大飞机制造波及的学科、产业十分庞大,对经济的拉动作用显著,有利于实现生产方式的转变。但是,大飞机制造业对于中国来说是一个新兴产业,其发展策略的选择非常重要。本文运用价值链理论,从技术创新和产业组织两个方面提出了大飞机制造业发展的策略。
Defense Science and technology industry is a strategic industry, which mainly includes aerospace industry, aviation industry, nuclear industry, shipbuilding industry, the weapons industry and military electronics industry and so on. It is the representative of high-end technology and advanced manufacturing. Resource allocation of the defense industry will directly affect a country's technological innovation ability and equipment manufacturing level, and affect a country's comprehensive nation strength. Therefore, to analyze the resource allocation of Defense Industry and to determine the objectives pattern of the National Defense Industry Resource Allocation and Development Strategy has important practical significance. This dissertation study on this issue relied on three interrelated aspects of resource allocation theory, target pattern and development strategy.
This dissertation has conduct literature review and assessment about domestic and foreign research situation. The theory of resource allocation that becomes only into a part of the economics have not formed a relatively complete theoretical system. The research on the application of resource allocation theory in the field of defense industry is almost blank. The cause of resource allocation is resource scarcity, and technology option not only decides the efficiency of resource allocation, but also decides the industry structure of a certain period. Being the process of survival of the fittest, after each round of technical options and creation, Technology option can optimize the allocation of resources to a higher level.Leading industry which is the driving wheel of optimal allocation of resources can help to form the rational industry structure. Intensive development, value chain management and optimal allocation of resources are consistent.
This dissertation used factor analysis model to determine the resources allocation target system of defense industry. This dissertation proposed the objective pattern of National Defense Industry resource allocation from three aspects of the property rights system, operation mechanism and the realization path. This dissertation would build two models:DEA cluster analysis model and based on Entropy fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for improvement which can the running effects on resource allocation of the national defense industry separately from the micro and macro perspective. The evaluation concluded that the running effects on resource allocation of the national defense industry is unsatisfactory, which might meet the actual situation of the defense industry.
Based on the scarcity of resources, any resource allocation process can not balance to distribute, so it can achieve coordinated development by choosing leading industries. For the reason that limited financial resources of china, to achieve resources allocation goals of national defense industry can not cover everything; only to lay stress on the key points, to select leading industry projects can be regarded as industry development strategy, which can promote the coordinated development of the national defense industry. In this paper, the only output DEA model can be proposed, which may be applied to the selection of leading industry project. Through analysis and evaluation, the large aircraft industry was being determined as a leading industry. This result embodies the wisdom of experts.but also would be the necessity of historical choice to a certain stage of natural economic development.
Defense science and technology industry can almost cover the essence of all industrial of a country, but large aircraft manufacturing industry is the best of best, which are known as the "flower of Industries". Large aircraft manufacturing industry by which lots of subjects and industries are affected, stimulating effect on economic development significantly, can help transformation of the production mode. But, the large aircraft manufacturing industry is a new industry in China, so, the choice of its development strategy is very important. From the value chain theory, this paper proposed the development strategies of large aircraft industry based on the two aspects of technological innovation and industrial organization.
本文对国内外研究现状进行了文献综述和评析,指出资源配置仅仅融入经济学之中,还没有形成比较完善的理论体系,而且资源配置理论在国防科技工业领域中应用的研究几乎是一个空白。本文对资源配置理论展开深入研究,揭示了资源配置的运作机制。资源配置源于资源的稀缺性,技术选择决定资源配置方式与配置效率,决定一定时期的产业结构。技术选择的过程是优胜劣汰的过程,经过每一轮次的技术选择与创造,会使资源配置在更高层次上实现优化。主导产业是实现资源优化配置的驱动轮,有利于形成合理的产业结构。资源优化配置与集约化发展、价值链管理具有一致性。
本文构建了因子分析模型,确定国防科技工业资源配置目标体系的范畴。结合资源配置理论和定性分析,从产权制度、运行机制和实现路径三个方面提出了国防科技工业资源配置目标模式。在此基础上,本文构建了两个模型：DEA聚类分析模型和基于信息熵改进的模糊综合评价模型,分别从微观和宏观角度对国防科技工业资源配置实际运行效果进行分析,所得到的结论一致,即国防科技工业运行效果一般；符合国防科技工业运行的实际情况。
基于资源的稀缺性,任何资源配置的过程都不是均衡推进的,而是通过选择主导产业实现协调发展。因此,由于国家财力有限,实现国防科技工业资源配置目标模式不可能面面俱到,只能突出重点,选择主导型产业项目作为产业发展策略,以带动整个产业协调发展。在选择方法上,本文提出了仅有产出的DEA模型作为主导性产业项目选择的分析方法。通过分析评价,确定大飞机产业作为主导产业。这样的结果既体现了专家智慧的结晶,也是国民经济发展到一定阶段历史必然的选择。
国防科技工业几乎涵盖了一个国家全部工业的精华,而大飞机制造业又是精华中的精华,被誉为“工业之花”。大飞机制造波及的学科、产业十分庞大,对经济的拉动作用显著,有利于实现生产方式的转变。但是,大飞机制造业对于中国来说是一个新兴产业,其发展策略的选择非常重要。本文运用价值链理论,从技术创新和产业组织两个方面提出了大飞机制造业发展的策略。
Defense Science and technology industry is a strategic industry, which mainly includes aerospace industry, aviation industry, nuclear industry, shipbuilding industry, the weapons industry and military electronics industry and so on. It is the representative of high-end technology and advanced manufacturing. Resource allocation of the defense industry will directly affect a country's technological innovation ability and equipment manufacturing level, and affect a country's comprehensive nation strength. Therefore, to analyze the resource allocation of Defense Industry and to determine the objectives pattern of the National Defense Industry Resource Allocation and Development Strategy has important practical significance. This dissertation study on this issue relied on three interrelated aspects of resource allocation theory, target pattern and development strategy.
This dissertation has conduct literature review and assessment about domestic and foreign research situation. The theory of resource allocation that becomes only into a part of the economics have not formed a relatively complete theoretical system. The research on the application of resource allocation theory in the field of defense industry is almost blank. The cause of resource allocation is resource scarcity, and technology option not only decides the efficiency of resource allocation, but also decides the industry structure of a certain period. Being the process of survival of the fittest, after each round of technical options and creation, Technology option can optimize the allocation of resources to a higher level.Leading industry which is the driving wheel of optimal allocation of resources can help to form the rational industry structure. Intensive development, value chain management and optimal allocation of resources are consistent.
This dissertation used factor analysis model to determine the resources allocation target system of defense industry. This dissertation proposed the objective pattern of National Defense Industry resource allocation from three aspects of the property rights system, operation mechanism and the realization path. This dissertation would build two models:DEA cluster analysis model and based on Entropy fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for improvement which can the running effects on resource allocation of the national defense industry separately from the micro and macro perspective. The evaluation concluded that the running effects on resource allocation of the national defense industry is unsatisfactory, which might meet the actual situation of the defense industry.
Based on the scarcity of resources, any resource allocation process can not balance to distribute, so it can achieve coordinated development by choosing leading industries. For the reason that limited financial resources of china, to achieve resources allocation goals of national defense industry can not cover everything; only to lay stress on the key points, to select leading industry projects can be regarded as industry development strategy, which can promote the coordinated development of the national defense industry. In this paper, the only output DEA model can be proposed, which may be applied to the selection of leading industry project. Through analysis and evaluation, the large aircraft industry was being determined as a leading industry. This result embodies the wisdom of experts.but also would be the necessity of historical choice to a certain stage of natural economic development.
Defense science and technology industry can almost cover the essence of all industrial of a country, but large aircraft manufacturing industry is the best of best, which are known as the "flower of Industries". Large aircraft manufacturing industry by which lots of subjects and industries are affected, stimulating effect on economic development significantly, can help transformation of the production mode. But, the large aircraft manufacturing industry is a new industry in China, so, the choice of its development strategy is very important. From the value chain theory, this paper proposed the development strategies of large aircraft industry based on the two aspects of technological innovation and industrial organization.
引文
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