高速电力拖动系统研制
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摘要
随着航空技术的不断发展,航空电源各种参数的准确测试有了更高的要求。直升机电源拖动试验台在检验直升机机载发电机特性以及向新开发的整机供电、通电试验机载设备中都具有重要的作用。高速电力拖动实验台模拟飞机发动机特性,拖动机载发电机发电,能够为直升机的研制提供先进的试验手段,保障各种机型按期交付。本文将根据飞机发动机的拖动特性,研制用于检验直升机电源性能的高速电力拖动系统。
本文采用交流变频调速,机械增速的驱动方案。主要完成拖动台的增速装置的结构设计,并对增速装置的关键轴系零部件进行静力分析和模态分析,优化零部件的机械结构。
建立异步电动机的数学模型,通过坐标变换简化数学模型。根据矢量变换控制的基本方程,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建异步电动机的矢量控制仿真模型和转速、磁链闭环矢量控制模型,并对矢量控制算法进行仿真分析。
以图形化的编程语言LabVIEW为软件核心,设计开发基于虚拟仪器的系统监控程序,采用PC机串口通讯控制变频器的输出,变频器采用内置PI模块闭环控制异步电动机的转速。该软件具有稳定、可靠、操作界面友好等特点,能够实时监控拖动系统的运行状态。
最后搭建拖动系统的实验验证装置,主要检验高速电力拖动系统在PC机控制下,“分级给定”和“波形设定”两种速度给定模式以及手动控制方式下的运行性能,验证高速电力拖动系统监控软件的高效性和稳定性。
With the development of aviation technology, various parameters of aviation generator have higher requirements for testing accuracy. A Helicopter Aviation Generator Test-bed has an important role in testing the characteristics of helicopters as well as supplying power to new developing machines and electrifying equipment for testing. The high speed electric drag test bed simulates characteristics of aircraft engines, which can drag generators, provide advanced testing methods for developing helicopters and ensure the delivery of various models on time. In this paper, we will develop a high-speed electric drive system which based on the drag characteristics of aircraft engines to test the performance of the helicopter powers.
In this paper, we adopted AC frequency conversion speed, mechanical speed driving program. We mainly designed a speed increase device structure of the drag test-bed and analyzed static force and modes of key shaft parts to optimize their structure.
A mathematical model of an asynchronous motor was established and simplified by coordinate transformation. According to basic equations of vector control, we built the structure of vector control asynchronous motor simulation model as well as the closed loop flux vector control model using MATLAB/SIMULINK, and analyzed the vector control algorithm on simulation.
Using a graphical programming language LabVIEW as the core of the software, we designed and developed a monitoring program based on virtual instruments, which used PC control the convertor’s output by serial communication and controlled motor speed with its built-in PI closed-loop. This software is stable, reliable, user friendly and so on. It can real-time monitor running state of the drag system.
Finally an experimental verification device of the drive system was set up, which mainly tested the high-speed electric drive system under the PC controlling, two speed-given modes "classification given" and "wave set" as well as the operation performance of the manual control mode. It can verify the high efficiency and stability of the high-speed electric drive system’s monitoring software.
本文采用交流变频调速,机械增速的驱动方案。主要完成拖动台的增速装置的结构设计,并对增速装置的关键轴系零部件进行静力分析和模态分析,优化零部件的机械结构。
建立异步电动机的数学模型,通过坐标变换简化数学模型。根据矢量变换控制的基本方程,在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建异步电动机的矢量控制仿真模型和转速、磁链闭环矢量控制模型,并对矢量控制算法进行仿真分析。
以图形化的编程语言LabVIEW为软件核心,设计开发基于虚拟仪器的系统监控程序,采用PC机串口通讯控制变频器的输出,变频器采用内置PI模块闭环控制异步电动机的转速。该软件具有稳定、可靠、操作界面友好等特点,能够实时监控拖动系统的运行状态。
最后搭建拖动系统的实验验证装置,主要检验高速电力拖动系统在PC机控制下,“分级给定”和“波形设定”两种速度给定模式以及手动控制方式下的运行性能,验证高速电力拖动系统监控软件的高效性和稳定性。
With the development of aviation technology, various parameters of aviation generator have higher requirements for testing accuracy. A Helicopter Aviation Generator Test-bed has an important role in testing the characteristics of helicopters as well as supplying power to new developing machines and electrifying equipment for testing. The high speed electric drag test bed simulates characteristics of aircraft engines, which can drag generators, provide advanced testing methods for developing helicopters and ensure the delivery of various models on time. In this paper, we will develop a high-speed electric drive system which based on the drag characteristics of aircraft engines to test the performance of the helicopter powers.
In this paper, we adopted AC frequency conversion speed, mechanical speed driving program. We mainly designed a speed increase device structure of the drag test-bed and analyzed static force and modes of key shaft parts to optimize their structure.
A mathematical model of an asynchronous motor was established and simplified by coordinate transformation. According to basic equations of vector control, we built the structure of vector control asynchronous motor simulation model as well as the closed loop flux vector control model using MATLAB/SIMULINK, and analyzed the vector control algorithm on simulation.
Using a graphical programming language LabVIEW as the core of the software, we designed and developed a monitoring program based on virtual instruments, which used PC control the convertor’s output by serial communication and controlled motor speed with its built-in PI closed-loop. This software is stable, reliable, user friendly and so on. It can real-time monitor running state of the drag system.
Finally an experimental verification device of the drive system was set up, which mainly tested the high-speed electric drive system under the PC controlling, two speed-given modes "classification given" and "wave set" as well as the operation performance of the manual control mode. It can verify the high efficiency and stability of the high-speed electric drive system’s monitoring software.
引文
1邵惠明.基于电力拖动的飞机发电机频率特性试验分析.民用飞机设计与研究. 2008,(2): 19~22
2邢军智,张泾周.基于变频调速的航空电源拖动系统设计.机电一体化. 2005,(2): 66~68
3刘劲桦.直升机电源拖动台研制.昌河科技. 2005,(3): 22~28
4 M.Ypshimura. Computer-aided design improvement of machine tool structure incorporating joint dynamic data. Annals of the CIRP, 1989, 28(1): 241~242
5龙泽强,肖劲松.风力发电研究和开发的现状与展望.世界科技研究与发展杂志. 2003,(4): 1~3
6 Suman Maiti, Chandan Chakraborty, Sabyasachi Sengupta. Simulation studies on model reference adaptive controller based speed estimation technique for the vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2009,(17): 585~596
7林聪智.直升机旋翼试验塔电力拖动控制系统设计与实现.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 3~10
8许大中.交流电机调速理论.浙江大学出版社. 1994: 20~25
9 H.Brandes. Insulating Systems for inverter driven motors status and developments, Power Engineering Journal. 2000, 14(4): 164~168.
10刘永芹.国内外变频调速三相异步电动机发展概况分析.防爆电机. 2008, 43(3): 45~47
11牛连丁.变频器的工作原理和控制方式.科学咨询导报. 2007,(20): 78~79
12张燕宾. SPWM变频调速应用技术(3).机械工业出版社. 2005: 2~20
13 Smith. Developments in power electronics, machines and drives, Power Engineering Journal. 2004,16(2): 13~17.
14张汉忠.变频调速控制系统设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 5~11
15 Benjamin J.Patella, Aleksandar Prodic, Art Zirger and Dragan Maksimovic. High-frequency Digital PWM Controller IC for DC/DC Converters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol 18, January 2003: 438~446
16冷增祥.中、高压变频器概述.江苏电机工程. 2003,22(2): 50~54
17鄢志刚,赵勇军.变频调速的控制方式的研究.江西能源. 2008,(3): 30~37
18 Xiaorong Xie, Qiang Song, Gangui Yan. Matlab-based simulation of three-level PWM inverter-fed motor speed control system. Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003. APEC'03. Eighteenth Annual IEEE, Vol: 2, Feb. 2003: 9~13
19 Thomas G. Habeter. A Space Vector-Based Rectifier Regulator for AC/DC/ACConveners. IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 2000,8 (2): 30~36
20赵朝会.现代交流调速技术的发展与现状.中州大学学报. 2004,(4):122~125
21 Ergene, L.T., Salon, S.J.. Determining the equivalent circuit parameters of canned solid-rotor induction motors. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. Volume: 41, Issue: 7, July 2005: 2281~2286
22 V.Ambrozi, M.Bertoluzzo, G.S.Buja, etal. An assessment of the inverter switching characteristics in DTC induction motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005, 20(2): 457~465
23 Manuele Bertoluzzo, Giuseppe Buja, Roberto Menis. Direct Torque Control of an Induction Motor Using a Single Current Sensor. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics. 2006, 53(3): 778~783
24 Arbi Gharakhani, Ahmad Radan. Analytical Study of Affecting Characteristic of Voltage Vectors of a Three-level NPC Inverter on Torque and Flux of DTC controlled Drives. IEEE,2007: 754~759
25马幼捷,齐鸣,周雪松等.变频调速系统控制策略的研究.制造业自动化. 2009, 31(3): 64~69
26 Maurizio Cirrincione, Marcello Pucci, GianPaolo Vitale, Giansalvo Cirrincione. A new Direct Torque Control Strategy for the Minimization of Common-Mode Emissions. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2006,42(2): 504~514
27张春喜,崔兴艳,王福军等.专用脉宽调制集成电路实现高速电机变频调速.哈尔滨理工大学学报. 1997, 2(6): 49~53
28曹承志,刘宝奇,魏永广.单片机控制变频器的闭环交流调速系统.电力电子技术. 1999, 4(2): 26～28
29 Chih-Cheng Kao, Chin-Wen Chuang, Rong-Fong Fung. The self-tuning PID control in a slider–crank mechanism system by applying particle swarm optimization approach. Mechatronics, 2006, (16): 513~522
30牛广文,王晓峰.基于80C196MC的三相异步电动机变频调速控制系统.现代电子技术. 2007,(10): 13~17
31黄福林.基于DSP的交流变频器的研究与实现.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2008: 8~40
32刘震. PLC在三相交流异步电动机变频调速中的应用.工矿自动化. 2005,10(5): 69~70
33姚远,杨世明.基于工控机的变频调速控制系统的研究.制造业自动化. 2008, 30(9): 26~28
34 Clark K. Equalization enhances RS-485 links. EDN. 2004, 49(4): 71~78
35宋书中,常晓玲.交流调速系统.机械工业出版社. 1999: 124~147
36 B.Liang, B.S.Payne, A.D.Ball, etal. Simulation and fault detection of three-Phase induction motors. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2001, (61):l~15
37 R.Wamkeue, I.Kamwa. Generalized modeling and unbalanced fault simulation of saturated self-excited induction generators. Electric Power Systems Research, 2002, (61): 11~21
38 Xing Yu, Matthew W Dunnigan, Barry W Williams. Phase Voltage Estimation of a PWM VSI and its Application to Vector-Controlled Induction Machine Parameter Estimation. Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(5): 1181~1185
39 George C Verghese, Seth R Sanders. Observers for Flux Estimation in Induction Machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 1988,35(1): 85~94
40 Young Ahn Kwon, Sung Hwan Kim. A new scheme for speed-sensor less control of induction motor. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics. 2004,(3): 45~50
41 Chady EI Moucary, Eduardo Mendes, Adel Razek. Decoupled Direct Control for PWM Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 2002, 38(5): 1307~1315.
42 V.V.Pankratov, M.O.Maslov. Synthesis and study of the structure of a sensorless asynchronous electric drive with vector control. Russian Electrical Engineering.2007,78(9): 9~14
43肖峰,李健.摩擦学测试中计算机控制变频器的开发应用.材料保护. 2004,37(7): 167~170
44 Kyo-Beum Lee, Frede Blaabjerg. Performance improvement of sensorless vector control for matrix converter drives using PQR power theory. Electrical Engineering,2007,89(8): 607~616
45 KALKMANCJ. LabVIEW: A software system for data acquisition, data analysis, and instrument control. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 2005,11(1): 1387~1397.
46张艳兵,王忠庆,鲜浩.计算机控制技术.国防工业出版社. 2006: 40~50
47任清珍,庞丽莉.基于串口的LabVIEW与PLC的通信实现.仪表技术, 2004, (3): 27~28
48 H.Flandorfer, F.Gehringer, E.Hayer. Individual solutions for control and data acquisition with the PC. Thermochimica Acta, 2002,(382): 77~87
49李晴.基于LabVIEW的串口通信应用.常州信息职业技术学院学报. 2009,8(3): 8~10
50许军,李勇,张新喜.基于LabVIEW的电机试验系统设计.电子测量技术. 2008,31(8): 64~66
51 Alfredo R, Munoz, Lipo T A. On-line Dead-time Compensation Technique for Open-loop PWM-VSI Drives. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1999,14(7): 683~689
2邢军智,张泾周.基于变频调速的航空电源拖动系统设计.机电一体化. 2005,(2): 66~68
3刘劲桦.直升机电源拖动台研制.昌河科技. 2005,(3): 22~28
4 M.Ypshimura. Computer-aided design improvement of machine tool structure incorporating joint dynamic data. Annals of the CIRP, 1989, 28(1): 241~242
5龙泽强,肖劲松.风力发电研究和开发的现状与展望.世界科技研究与发展杂志. 2003,(4): 1~3
6 Suman Maiti, Chandan Chakraborty, Sabyasachi Sengupta. Simulation studies on model reference adaptive controller based speed estimation technique for the vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory. 2009,(17): 585~596
7林聪智.直升机旋翼试验塔电力拖动控制系统设计与实现.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文. 2005: 3~10
8许大中.交流电机调速理论.浙江大学出版社. 1994: 20~25
9 H.Brandes. Insulating Systems for inverter driven motors status and developments, Power Engineering Journal. 2000, 14(4): 164~168.
10刘永芹.国内外变频调速三相异步电动机发展概况分析.防爆电机. 2008, 43(3): 45~47
11牛连丁.变频器的工作原理和控制方式.科学咨询导报. 2007,(20): 78~79
12张燕宾. SPWM变频调速应用技术(3).机械工业出版社. 2005: 2~20
13 Smith. Developments in power electronics, machines and drives, Power Engineering Journal. 2004,16(2): 13~17.
14张汉忠.变频调速控制系统设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 5~11
15 Benjamin J.Patella, Aleksandar Prodic, Art Zirger and Dragan Maksimovic. High-frequency Digital PWM Controller IC for DC/DC Converters.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol 18, January 2003: 438~446
16冷增祥.中、高压变频器概述.江苏电机工程. 2003,22(2): 50~54
17鄢志刚,赵勇军.变频调速的控制方式的研究.江西能源. 2008,(3): 30~37
18 Xiaorong Xie, Qiang Song, Gangui Yan. Matlab-based simulation of three-level PWM inverter-fed motor speed control system. Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003. APEC'03. Eighteenth Annual IEEE, Vol: 2, Feb. 2003: 9~13
19 Thomas G. Habeter. A Space Vector-Based Rectifier Regulator for AC/DC/ACConveners. IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 2000,8 (2): 30~36
20赵朝会.现代交流调速技术的发展与现状.中州大学学报. 2004,(4):122~125
21 Ergene, L.T., Salon, S.J.. Determining the equivalent circuit parameters of canned solid-rotor induction motors. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. Volume: 41, Issue: 7, July 2005: 2281~2286
22 V.Ambrozi, M.Bertoluzzo, G.S.Buja, etal. An assessment of the inverter switching characteristics in DTC induction motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005, 20(2): 457~465
23 Manuele Bertoluzzo, Giuseppe Buja, Roberto Menis. Direct Torque Control of an Induction Motor Using a Single Current Sensor. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics. 2006, 53(3): 778~783
24 Arbi Gharakhani, Ahmad Radan. Analytical Study of Affecting Characteristic of Voltage Vectors of a Three-level NPC Inverter on Torque and Flux of DTC controlled Drives. IEEE,2007: 754~759
25马幼捷,齐鸣,周雪松等.变频调速系统控制策略的研究.制造业自动化. 2009, 31(3): 64~69
26 Maurizio Cirrincione, Marcello Pucci, GianPaolo Vitale, Giansalvo Cirrincione. A new Direct Torque Control Strategy for the Minimization of Common-Mode Emissions. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.2006,42(2): 504~514
27张春喜,崔兴艳,王福军等.专用脉宽调制集成电路实现高速电机变频调速.哈尔滨理工大学学报. 1997, 2(6): 49~53
28曹承志,刘宝奇,魏永广.单片机控制变频器的闭环交流调速系统.电力电子技术. 1999, 4(2): 26～28
29 Chih-Cheng Kao, Chin-Wen Chuang, Rong-Fong Fung. The self-tuning PID control in a slider–crank mechanism system by applying particle swarm optimization approach. Mechatronics, 2006, (16): 513~522
30牛广文,王晓峰.基于80C196MC的三相异步电动机变频调速控制系统.现代电子技术. 2007,(10): 13~17
31黄福林.基于DSP的交流变频器的研究与实现.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2008: 8~40
32刘震. PLC在三相交流异步电动机变频调速中的应用.工矿自动化. 2005,10(5): 69~70
33姚远,杨世明.基于工控机的变频调速控制系统的研究.制造业自动化. 2008, 30(9): 26~28
34 Clark K. Equalization enhances RS-485 links. EDN. 2004, 49(4): 71~78
35宋书中,常晓玲.交流调速系统.机械工业出版社. 1999: 124~147
36 B.Liang, B.S.Payne, A.D.Ball, etal. Simulation and fault detection of three-Phase induction motors. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2001, (61):l~15
37 R.Wamkeue, I.Kamwa. Generalized modeling and unbalanced fault simulation of saturated self-excited induction generators. Electric Power Systems Research, 2002, (61): 11~21
38 Xing Yu, Matthew W Dunnigan, Barry W Williams. Phase Voltage Estimation of a PWM VSI and its Application to Vector-Controlled Induction Machine Parameter Estimation. Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(5): 1181~1185
39 George C Verghese, Seth R Sanders. Observers for Flux Estimation in Induction Machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 1988,35(1): 85~94
40 Young Ahn Kwon, Sung Hwan Kim. A new scheme for speed-sensor less control of induction motor. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics. 2004,(3): 45~50
41 Chady EI Moucary, Eduardo Mendes, Adel Razek. Decoupled Direct Control for PWM Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drives. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 2002, 38(5): 1307~1315.
42 V.V.Pankratov, M.O.Maslov. Synthesis and study of the structure of a sensorless asynchronous electric drive with vector control. Russian Electrical Engineering.2007,78(9): 9~14
43肖峰,李健.摩擦学测试中计算机控制变频器的开发应用.材料保护. 2004,37(7): 167~170
44 Kyo-Beum Lee, Frede Blaabjerg. Performance improvement of sensorless vector control for matrix converter drives using PQR power theory. Electrical Engineering,2007,89(8): 607~616
45 KALKMANCJ. LabVIEW: A software system for data acquisition, data analysis, and instrument control. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 2005,11(1): 1387~1397.
46张艳兵,王忠庆,鲜浩.计算机控制技术.国防工业出版社. 2006: 40~50
47任清珍,庞丽莉.基于串口的LabVIEW与PLC的通信实现.仪表技术, 2004, (3): 27~28
48 H.Flandorfer, F.Gehringer, E.Hayer. Individual solutions for control and data acquisition with the PC. Thermochimica Acta, 2002,(382): 77~87
49李晴.基于LabVIEW的串口通信应用.常州信息职业技术学院学报. 2009,8(3): 8~10
50许军,李勇,张新喜.基于LabVIEW的电机试验系统设计.电子测量技术. 2008,31(8): 64~66
51 Alfredo R, Munoz, Lipo T A. On-line Dead-time Compensation Technique for Open-loop PWM-VSI Drives. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1999,14(7): 683~689