航空故障电弧检测技术的研究
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摘要
随着航空事业的发展,航空安全问题越来越受到人们的关注。航空电缆由于温度、辐射及振动等因素的影响,会逐渐老化产生细小裂纹,由此造成的航空电缆绝缘故障可能会导致断续的电弧产生,从而引发飞行故障甚至空难的发生。因此,航空故障电弧检测技术的研究是航空安全领域的重要课题。
本文在借鉴现有航空故障电弧试验方法的基础上,采用航空静变电源搭建航空故障电弧试验平台,通过人为的绝缘破坏来触发故障电弧,在纯阻性负载条件下进行了航空故障电弧的初步试验。试验过程中同步采集故障电弧的电压和电流波形,获得的结果为航空故障电弧仿真提供了参考依据。
为了研究负载参数对于航空故障电弧特性的影响,本文在深入分析故障电弧燃弧机理特征的基础上,以麦也尔动态电弧模型为基础,搭建航空故障电弧模型,并在不同负载条件下对航空故障电弧进行仿真,对比仿真获得的电弧特性,分析总结了不同负载参数对航空故障电弧的影响。
航空故障电弧的电流通常比较小,电弧持续时间短,存在大量非线性信号,用传统的傅里叶变换检测困难。小波变换具有时域和频域良好的局部化性质,其时窗和频窗的宽度可调节,因而能有效地从信号中提取瞬态突变信息。本文采用Daubechies小波对故障电弧信号进行三层分解,并提取其特征参量,从而为更好地区分检测航空故障电弧提供参考。
为了防止故障电弧引起的空难事件,航空故障电弧断路器的开发具有十分重要的意义。论文最后部分对航空故障电弧特性分析的基础上,结合家用故障电弧断路器结构原理,提出航空故障电弧断路器设计方案,为航空故障断路器的进一步开发研究打下基础。
With the development of aviation facilities,aviation security problem attract more attention.Aviation cables could be covered with a network of fine cracks gradually because of the influence of temperature,radiation,vibration,etc.This phenomenon maybe leads to generate electric arc tracking,and even to flight accidents or crash.Therefore,Diagnosis Technology of Aviation fault arc is an important subject in the field of aviation safe.
Based on the existing fault arc tests of aircraft,aviation fault arc tests platform is set up with aircraft static power source,and fault arc is triggered through artificial insulation damage. The preliminary tests are performed at the type of resistive loads.The arc voltage and current waveform have been recorded synchronously,in order to provide references for fault -arc simulation.
To analyze the characteristics mechanism of fault arc,the Simulink-model for arcing is made with Mayer model.The influence of load parameters to the fault arc characters is simulated.Compared the current and voltage characters of the simulated arc,the factors affecting the fault arc behavior in different loads were analyzed and concluded.
Fault arc of aircraft contains numerous nonlinear,non-stationary,and fractal characteristics.It is very difficult to detect by traditional Fourier transform due to small current,short duration arcing.With its time -frequency domain localized nature,and adjusting the time window and frequency window,transient mutation information can be effectively extracted from the signal through Wavelet transform.In this paper,fault arc signal is decomposed to three components by db.The character of the fault arc is obtained as the references of distinguishing the aviation arc-fault.
It is significant to develop Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter to prevent the air crash by fault arc.Based on the obtained characters of fault arc and the construction principle of the home-use AFCI,aviation AFCI has been designed in principle at the last part of the paper, which lay the foundation for the development of Aviation AFCI.
本文在借鉴现有航空故障电弧试验方法的基础上,采用航空静变电源搭建航空故障电弧试验平台,通过人为的绝缘破坏来触发故障电弧,在纯阻性负载条件下进行了航空故障电弧的初步试验。试验过程中同步采集故障电弧的电压和电流波形,获得的结果为航空故障电弧仿真提供了参考依据。
为了研究负载参数对于航空故障电弧特性的影响,本文在深入分析故障电弧燃弧机理特征的基础上,以麦也尔动态电弧模型为基础,搭建航空故障电弧模型,并在不同负载条件下对航空故障电弧进行仿真,对比仿真获得的电弧特性,分析总结了不同负载参数对航空故障电弧的影响。
航空故障电弧的电流通常比较小,电弧持续时间短,存在大量非线性信号,用传统的傅里叶变换检测困难。小波变换具有时域和频域良好的局部化性质,其时窗和频窗的宽度可调节,因而能有效地从信号中提取瞬态突变信息。本文采用Daubechies小波对故障电弧信号进行三层分解,并提取其特征参量,从而为更好地区分检测航空故障电弧提供参考。
为了防止故障电弧引起的空难事件,航空故障电弧断路器的开发具有十分重要的意义。论文最后部分对航空故障电弧特性分析的基础上,结合家用故障电弧断路器结构原理,提出航空故障电弧断路器设计方案,为航空故障断路器的进一步开发研究打下基础。
With the development of aviation facilities,aviation security problem attract more attention.Aviation cables could be covered with a network of fine cracks gradually because of the influence of temperature,radiation,vibration,etc.This phenomenon maybe leads to generate electric arc tracking,and even to flight accidents or crash.Therefore,Diagnosis Technology of Aviation fault arc is an important subject in the field of aviation safe.
Based on the existing fault arc tests of aircraft,aviation fault arc tests platform is set up with aircraft static power source,and fault arc is triggered through artificial insulation damage. The preliminary tests are performed at the type of resistive loads.The arc voltage and current waveform have been recorded synchronously,in order to provide references for fault -arc simulation.
To analyze the characteristics mechanism of fault arc,the Simulink-model for arcing is made with Mayer model.The influence of load parameters to the fault arc characters is simulated.Compared the current and voltage characters of the simulated arc,the factors affecting the fault arc behavior in different loads were analyzed and concluded.
Fault arc of aircraft contains numerous nonlinear,non-stationary,and fractal characteristics.It is very difficult to detect by traditional Fourier transform due to small current,short duration arcing.With its time -frequency domain localized nature,and adjusting the time window and frequency window,transient mutation information can be effectively extracted from the signal through Wavelet transform.In this paper,fault arc signal is decomposed to three components by db.The character of the fault arc is obtained as the references of distinguishing the aviation arc-fault.
It is significant to develop Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter to prevent the air crash by fault arc.Based on the obtained characters of fault arc and the construction principle of the home-use AFCI,aviation AFCI has been designed in principle at the last part of the paper, which lay the foundation for the development of Aviation AFCI.
引文
[1]Wang Yongxing,Dong Enyuan,Cong Jiyuan.Arc tracking Properties of the Aging Wires in Aircraft[C].Shenzhen,2008:1-5.
[2]Cynthia Furse,Randy Haupt.Down to the wire[J].IEEE Spectrum,2001.
[3]A.M.Bruning,F.J.Campbell.Aging in wire insulation under multifactor stress[J].IEEE Trans.on Electrical Insulations.1993,28(5):729-75.
[4]钟栋梁,陈荣,傅国如.从典型案例看飞机座舱冒烟、起火的电气“火源”[C].全国第五届航空航天装备失效分析研讨会,宁波,2006:140-143.
[5]Bonarini A.Opportunistic multimodel diagnosis with imperfect models[J].Information Sciences,1997,103(1):161-185.
[6]石旭东,李大勇,高建树,等.基于小波分析的飞机导线故障定位方法研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2007,(08):26-28.
[7]沈颂华.航空航天器供电系统[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[8]Gregory G.D,Scott G.W.The arc-fault circuit interrupter:an emerging product[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.1998,34(5):928-933.
[9]张冠生.电器学理论基础[M].北京:机械出版社,1979.
[10]夏天伟,丁明道.电器学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[11]杨立树.航空电气系统绝缘故障的研究[D].辽宁:大连理工大学,2008.
[12]李新福.低压电器电弧仿真研究[D].河北:河北工业大学,2004.
[13]王其平.电器电弧理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[14]G.Cdanlstra.Development and application of a 10MHz digital system for current-zero measurements[J].IEE.Proc—Sci.Meas.Technol,1995,142(2):125-132
[15]王章启,何俊佳,邹积岩,等.电力开关技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003.
[16]尹同庆,陈洪亮.基于小波变换的故障电弧检测技术研究[J].实验室研究与探索.2008,27(3):19-21.
[17]赵淑敏.AFCI(故障电弧断路器)的研制[D].浙江:浙江大学,2007.
[18]Gregory GD,Kon Wong,Robert F.More About Arc Fault Circuit interrupters[J].Industry Applications.2004,40(4):1006-1011.
[19]古金国,徐国政,钱家骊.故障电弧特性[J].高电压技术.1999,第6期:41-44.
[20]Peter M,Manfred L.Simulation of arc faults in aircraft electrical networks[C].International Conference on Electrical Comtacts,Switzerland,2002.
[21]Yongxing_Wang,Koeniq.D,Hoertz.F,Fault arc propagation on aircraft wires under different environmental pressure conditions[C].International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,2004:678-681.
[22]L.Heinhold,R.Stubbe.电力电缆及电线.门汉文等译[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.
[23]R.V.Latham.High voltage vacuum insulation[C].New York:Academic Press Inc.1995.
[24]Shang W,Damstra G C.The properties of triggered vacuum gaps[J].IEEE Transaction on Electrical Insulation,1993,28(4):650-656.
[25]孙屹,吴磊.Simulink通信仿真开发手册[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[26]葛哲学,沙威.小波分析理论与MATLAB R2007实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[27]Schavemaker PH Arc model blockset[DB].Power Systems Laboratory,Delft University of Technology,2001.
[28]黄绍平,杨青,李靖.基于MATLAB的电弧模型仿真[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.2005,17(5):66-71.
[29]刘明才.小波分析及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[30]刘涛,曾祥利,曾军.实用小波分析入门[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[31]董长虹,高志,余啸海.Matlab小波分析工具箱原理与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[32]徐长发,李国宽.实用小波方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.
[33]胡昌华,张军波,夏军,等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[34]飞思科技产品研发中心.小波分析理路与MATLAB7实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[35]何建军,任震,黄雯莹,等.电力系统奇异信号的复值小波分析[C].中国电机工程学报,1999.
[36]衡彤.小波分析及其应用研究[D].四川:四川大学,2003.
[37]Gammon T,Matthews J.Instantaneous Arcing-Fault Models Developed for Building System Analysis[J].Industry Applications.2001,37(1):197-203.
[38]丁瑞金.住户电气火灾和电弧故障断路装置[J].消防技术与产品信息,2002,(09):60-62.
[39]Underwriter Laboratories Inc.UL Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters UL1699[S].Second Edition,April 7,2006.
[40]Gregory GD,Kon Wong,Robe.t F.More About Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters[J].Industry Applications.2004,40(4):1006-1011.
[2]Cynthia Furse,Randy Haupt.Down to the wire[J].IEEE Spectrum,2001.
[3]A.M.Bruning,F.J.Campbell.Aging in wire insulation under multifactor stress[J].IEEE Trans.on Electrical Insulations.1993,28(5):729-75.
[4]钟栋梁,陈荣,傅国如.从典型案例看飞机座舱冒烟、起火的电气“火源”[C].全国第五届航空航天装备失效分析研讨会,宁波,2006:140-143.
[5]Bonarini A.Opportunistic multimodel diagnosis with imperfect models[J].Information Sciences,1997,103(1):161-185.
[6]石旭东,李大勇,高建树,等.基于小波分析的飞机导线故障定位方法研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2007,(08):26-28.
[7]沈颂华.航空航天器供电系统[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[8]Gregory G.D,Scott G.W.The arc-fault circuit interrupter:an emerging product[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.1998,34(5):928-933.
[9]张冠生.电器学理论基础[M].北京:机械出版社,1979.
[10]夏天伟,丁明道.电器学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[11]杨立树.航空电气系统绝缘故障的研究[D].辽宁:大连理工大学,2008.
[12]李新福.低压电器电弧仿真研究[D].河北:河北工业大学,2004.
[13]王其平.电器电弧理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[14]G.Cdanlstra.Development and application of a 10MHz digital system for current-zero measurements[J].IEE.Proc—Sci.Meas.Technol,1995,142(2):125-132
[15]王章启,何俊佳,邹积岩,等.电力开关技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003.
[16]尹同庆,陈洪亮.基于小波变换的故障电弧检测技术研究[J].实验室研究与探索.2008,27(3):19-21.
[17]赵淑敏.AFCI(故障电弧断路器)的研制[D].浙江:浙江大学,2007.
[18]Gregory GD,Kon Wong,Robert F.More About Arc Fault Circuit interrupters[J].Industry Applications.2004,40(4):1006-1011.
[19]古金国,徐国政,钱家骊.故障电弧特性[J].高电压技术.1999,第6期:41-44.
[20]Peter M,Manfred L.Simulation of arc faults in aircraft electrical networks[C].International Conference on Electrical Comtacts,Switzerland,2002.
[21]Yongxing_Wang,Koeniq.D,Hoertz.F,Fault arc propagation on aircraft wires under different environmental pressure conditions[C].International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,2004:678-681.
[22]L.Heinhold,R.Stubbe.电力电缆及电线.门汉文等译[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.
[23]R.V.Latham.High voltage vacuum insulation[C].New York:Academic Press Inc.1995.
[24]Shang W,Damstra G C.The properties of triggered vacuum gaps[J].IEEE Transaction on Electrical Insulation,1993,28(4):650-656.
[25]孙屹,吴磊.Simulink通信仿真开发手册[M],北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[26]葛哲学,沙威.小波分析理论与MATLAB R2007实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[27]Schavemaker PH Arc model blockset[DB].Power Systems Laboratory,Delft University of Technology,2001.
[28]黄绍平,杨青,李靖.基于MATLAB的电弧模型仿真[J].电力系统及其自动化学报.2005,17(5):66-71.
[29]刘明才.小波分析及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[30]刘涛,曾祥利,曾军.实用小波分析入门[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[31]董长虹,高志,余啸海.Matlab小波分析工具箱原理与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004.
[32]徐长发,李国宽.实用小波方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004.
[33]胡昌华,张军波,夏军,等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—小波分析[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[34]飞思科技产品研发中心.小波分析理路与MATLAB7实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[35]何建军,任震,黄雯莹,等.电力系统奇异信号的复值小波分析[C].中国电机工程学报,1999.
[36]衡彤.小波分析及其应用研究[D].四川:四川大学,2003.
[37]Gammon T,Matthews J.Instantaneous Arcing-Fault Models Developed for Building System Analysis[J].Industry Applications.2001,37(1):197-203.
[38]丁瑞金.住户电气火灾和电弧故障断路装置[J].消防技术与产品信息,2002,(09):60-62.
[39]Underwriter Laboratories Inc.UL Standard for Safety for Arc-Fault Circuit-Interrupters UL1699[S].Second Edition,April 7,2006.
[40]Gregory GD,Kon Wong,Robe.t F.More About Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters[J].Industry Applications.2004,40(4):1006-1011.