现代战斗机仿真架构与建模研究
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摘要
为了在现代空战环境和空战方式下取得空中优势，第四代战斗机设计提出了超音速巡航、隐身、超机动性等设计目标，综合了多学科先进技术，包括：先进的空气动力学、控制理论、航空电子技术等。在武器系统日益复杂的同时，降低系统开发及生命周期内的升级、维护费用也成为现代飞机设计目标之一。仿真作为一种使用模型代替物理系统并将它放到计算机上进行试验以研究已经存在的或尚未建成的系统的技术，已经在航空、航天、武器、交通等各种领域得到广泛的应用。
本文详细讨论了面向对象建模方法以及一体化仿真环境的基本概念框架及基本结构并在此基础上提出了合理的现代战斗机仿真系统结构，设计了仿真系统的数据传递接口；详细讨论了现代战斗机仿真系统关键子系统——飞机本体、飞行控制系统建模方法；建立了用于研究的飞机以及视景的三维显示平台；并在此基础上实现了实验性的基于PC的现代战斗机图形仿真平台，对仿真模型有效性确认和验证工作做了初步的探讨，研究比较了传统飞行动力学和运动学方程和四元数法在飞行仿真中的效果。研究结论表明现代战斗机仿真系统结构与接口是合理的，并且能够满足现代战斗机设计与验证的要求，并为今后进一步研究打下了坚实的基础。
The 4th generation fighters are designed to have the ability of supersonic cruise. stealth and supermaneuverability which is based on the high-tech achievements of various fields including advanced aerodynamics, modern control theory and so on. in order to achieve the air superiority in modern air combats. While the weapon system is becoming more complicated, the requirement for life cycle upgrades and reduced initial development costs also becomes one of the design goals. Simulation, a technique to test the exiting or future system on the computer without the physical object, has been widely used in the fields of aeronautics and aerospace.
The thesis describes the conception of the object-oriented modeling and integrated simulaton enviroment, and discusses the below topics:
(1) Describe the reasonable structure of the modern fighter simulation system, and design the data transfer interface.
(2) Discuss the modeling method of the key subsystem of future fighter system especially the aerodynamics and the control system in detail.
(3) Construct the 3D model of the aircraft and scene, and verify the graphic simulation technique based on PC.
(4) Study the technique on the simulation model validation and the verification, and verify the quaternion kinematic equations compared to the traditional kinematic equations.
The study proves that the structure of the modern fighter simulation system is reasonable, and has built the solid base for the further study.
本文详细讨论了面向对象建模方法以及一体化仿真环境的基本概念框架及基本结构并在此基础上提出了合理的现代战斗机仿真系统结构，设计了仿真系统的数据传递接口；详细讨论了现代战斗机仿真系统关键子系统——飞机本体、飞行控制系统建模方法；建立了用于研究的飞机以及视景的三维显示平台；并在此基础上实现了实验性的基于PC的现代战斗机图形仿真平台，对仿真模型有效性确认和验证工作做了初步的探讨，研究比较了传统飞行动力学和运动学方程和四元数法在飞行仿真中的效果。研究结论表明现代战斗机仿真系统结构与接口是合理的，并且能够满足现代战斗机设计与验证的要求，并为今后进一步研究打下了坚实的基础。
The 4th generation fighters are designed to have the ability of supersonic cruise. stealth and supermaneuverability which is based on the high-tech achievements of various fields including advanced aerodynamics, modern control theory and so on. in order to achieve the air superiority in modern air combats. While the weapon system is becoming more complicated, the requirement for life cycle upgrades and reduced initial development costs also becomes one of the design goals. Simulation, a technique to test the exiting or future system on the computer without the physical object, has been widely used in the fields of aeronautics and aerospace.
The thesis describes the conception of the object-oriented modeling and integrated simulaton enviroment, and discusses the below topics:
(1) Describe the reasonable structure of the modern fighter simulation system, and design the data transfer interface.
(2) Discuss the modeling method of the key subsystem of future fighter system especially the aerodynamics and the control system in detail.
(3) Construct the 3D model of the aircraft and scene, and verify the graphic simulation technique based on PC.
(4) Study the technique on the simulation model validation and the verification, and verify the quaternion kinematic equations compared to the traditional kinematic equations.
The study proves that the structure of the modern fighter simulation system is reasonable, and has built the solid base for the further study.
引文
[1] 许洲：第四代战斗机空战仿真系统研究，西北工业大学博士论文，2001
[2] 宫民，张宇宏，王行仁：SBD技术及其在自动飞行系统设计中的应用，北京航空航天大学学报，Vol．25 No．3，1 999
[3] 张怡哲：火力／飞行／推进控制系统综合研究，西北工业大学博士论文，2002
[4] 王行仁：飞行实时仿真系统及技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[5] 埃特肯．B：大气飞行动力学，科学出版社，1979．9
[6] Richard Tremblay, Low cost, high fidelity Flight simulation environment,AIAA, 1996
[7] 熊光楞，彭毅：先进仿真技术与仿真环境，国防工业出版社，1997
[8] 王维平，朱一凡，华雪倩，蔡放：仿真模型有效性确认与验证，国防科技大学出版社，1998
[9] 鲁道夫 布罗克豪斯 著，金长江 译：飞行控制，国防工业出版社，1999
[10] 中华人民共和国国家标准，飞行力学 概念、量和符号，GB／T 14410-93，1993
[11] 牛晓丽，朱一凡：基于常微分方程的面向对象连续系统仿真探讨，计算机应用研究，1998
[12] 李伯虎，柴旭东：现代仿真技术发展中的两个热点——ADS，SBA，系统仿真学报，Vol．13，2001．1
[13] 赵健卫，唐硕，武器系统虚拟样机设计环境，飞行力学，Vol．18 No．2，2000．6
[14] 熊光楞，李伯虎：虚拟样机技术，系统仿真学报，Vol．13 No．1，2001．1
[15] 熊光楞：控制系统数字仿真，清华大学出版社，1982
[16] 王意清、张明友编，雷达原理，电子科技大学出版社，1993
[17] 陆彦编，航空火力控制原理，西北工业大学出版社，1989
[18] Sungsik Shin, Sugjoon Yoon: A Comparison of Real-Time Solutions To All-Altitude Angles of An Aircraft, A97-37217
[19] William C.Beavin, Simulation Meets Information : Bringing Aircraft Modeling and Simulation Into the Information Age, A97-37201
[20] Matthew J. O'Rourke, John N. Ralston: PC-Based Simulation of the F-16/MATV, A97-37241
[21] Jacob Kay, John N. Ralston: Development of Non-Linear, Low-Speed Aerodynamic Model For The F-16/VISTA, A97-37325
[22] Bjarne Stroustrup：The C++ Programming Language，高等教育出版社，2001
[23] Manson Woo，Jackie NeiderF 著，吴斌等译：OpenGL编程权威指南，中国电力出版社，2001
[2] 宫民，张宇宏，王行仁：SBD技术及其在自动飞行系统设计中的应用，北京航空航天大学学报，Vol．25 No．3，1 999
[3] 张怡哲：火力／飞行／推进控制系统综合研究，西北工业大学博士论文，2002
[4] 王行仁：飞行实时仿真系统及技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
[5] 埃特肯．B：大气飞行动力学，科学出版社，1979．9
[6] Richard Tremblay, Low cost, high fidelity Flight simulation environment,AIAA, 1996
[7] 熊光楞，彭毅：先进仿真技术与仿真环境，国防工业出版社，1997
[8] 王维平，朱一凡，华雪倩，蔡放：仿真模型有效性确认与验证，国防科技大学出版社，1998
[9] 鲁道夫 布罗克豪斯 著，金长江 译：飞行控制，国防工业出版社，1999
[10] 中华人民共和国国家标准，飞行力学 概念、量和符号，GB／T 14410-93，1993
[11] 牛晓丽，朱一凡：基于常微分方程的面向对象连续系统仿真探讨，计算机应用研究，1998
[12] 李伯虎，柴旭东：现代仿真技术发展中的两个热点——ADS，SBA，系统仿真学报，Vol．13，2001．1
[13] 赵健卫，唐硕，武器系统虚拟样机设计环境，飞行力学，Vol．18 No．2，2000．6
[14] 熊光楞，李伯虎：虚拟样机技术，系统仿真学报，Vol．13 No．1，2001．1
[15] 熊光楞：控制系统数字仿真，清华大学出版社，1982
[16] 王意清、张明友编，雷达原理，电子科技大学出版社，1993
[17] 陆彦编，航空火力控制原理，西北工业大学出版社，1989
[18] Sungsik Shin, Sugjoon Yoon: A Comparison of Real-Time Solutions To All-Altitude Angles of An Aircraft, A97-37217
[19] William C.Beavin, Simulation Meets Information : Bringing Aircraft Modeling and Simulation Into the Information Age, A97-37201
[20] Matthew J. O'Rourke, John N. Ralston: PC-Based Simulation of the F-16/MATV, A97-37241
[21] Jacob Kay, John N. Ralston: Development of Non-Linear, Low-Speed Aerodynamic Model For The F-16/VISTA, A97-37325
[22] Bjarne Stroustrup：The C++ Programming Language，高等教育出版社，2001
[23] Manson Woo，Jackie NeiderF 著，吴斌等译：OpenGL编程权威指南，中国电力出版社，2001