基于单片机与FPGA的PMN测试系统的设计与实现
摘要
随着嵌入式系统、计算机技术和电子技术的飞速发展,便携式媒体播放技术获得巨大的成功,从而促进了便携式媒体播器的广泛应用。随着便携式媒体播放器使用的普及,出现了多功能的便携式媒体播放器,如具有导航功能的便携式媒体导航仪(PMN,Portable Multimedia Navigation)。该类产品不仅能满足一般人的实际需要,而且能解决盲人或其他身体有障碍的人的要求。为了保证PMN这类电子设备的产品质量,在设计与生产过程中必须采用有效的测试手段,因此电路板(PCB,Printed Circuit Board)测试技术也越来越受到广泛关注。在众多现代PCB测试方法中,以在线测试( ICT,In Circuit Tester)和飞针测试使用最为普遍,但是由于ICT测试的夹具成本和维护费用都比较高以及飞针测试的覆盖率有限等,使得某些手持式设备的PCB测试受到很大限制。针对这些问题,本文提出了以ICT测试和飞针测试方法为基础的综合PCB测试方法的研究。
本文针对PMN设备被测信号的特点,提出了PMN设备的PCB装配(PCBA,PCB assembly)测试系统方案。该方案以ICT测试和飞针测试方法为基础,结合测试架进行测试,兼顾设计成本与测试能力之间的平衡,给出了该测试系统的硬件和软件设计方案。
为了保证测试系统对目标PCB板上电压、电流和电阻等系统参数测试的稳定性和可靠性,本文提出了间断采样累加平均的测试方法。该方法根据实际应用要求设置对被测信号采样的间隔时间,然后对每次采样的数据累加平均,其结果为该参数的测试结果,从而降低了由于瞬时干扰而引起的测试不准确。
提出了一种快速测试和分页测试相结合的测试方法。快速测试可以一次性地给出所有被测信号的测试结果,并根据系统设置给出测试结论;分页测试则根据被测信号的测试类型,分别给出被测信号更为详细的测试结果,便于对被测信号的分析。这种测试方法既满足了实时测试要求,又能对信号进行分类设置与处理,满足各种应用要求。
本文根据PMN设备的PCB测试要求,实现了基于单片机和FPGA的PMN设备测试系统。该测试系统能测试模拟信号、时钟信号和脉冲信号等三大类信号。所有信号测试结果由液晶显示屏(LCD)输出,或传到上位PC机作进一步分析。通过对大量PMN设备的实际测试,表明该系统设计达到了预期的要求,能满足大多中小企业的手持式设备的PCBA测试需求。
With the development of embedded operating system,computer technology and electronic science, the portable medium technique acquires huge success, thus promoting the extensive application of the portable medium players. Along with the popularization of the portable medium player usage, multi-functionly hold type medium players appear, such as PMN. This type of products not only can satisfy the ordinary people's demand, but also can satisfy demands of blindman or other handicapped. However, for the sake of assuring the product quantity of the PMN equipments, effective test must be adopted during process of designing and producing. So PCB test_ technique is subjected to extensive concern more and more. Among the modern PCB testing methods, ICT tester and flying probe tester are the most ordinary methods. But the high expenses in the ICT tester and limited overlay in the flying probe tester make the PCB testing limited in some portable PMN. Due to these problems, this thesis proposes the research of portable equipment’s PCB testing method mainly based on the common advantage of ICT testing and flying probe testing.
According to the signal characteristic of the PMN, we propose a PCBA testing pattern for a kind of PMN which based on Intel embedded processor. This pattern take into account the balance of design cost and output ability and give the hardware and software design.
In order to ensure the stability and credibility of testing result in the target PCB testing, in this paper, we propose an new testing method. By the interrupted sampling and getting average result, the average result is the testing result, thus lower the unfaithfulness caused by the instantaneous interfering.
In the paper, we propose a combining test method, including fast test and single page test. In the fast testing mode, it need to press only one key and the testing system will test all signals automatically according to the testing flow and throw out the result. The single page test need to page up and down. This combining tester can not only satisfy the real-time testing request but also can set and process signals with classification.
According to the PCB testing request of a special PMN, this paper realizes a PMN testing system based on the MCU and FPGA. The system can test three kinds of signals such as analog signals, clock signals and pulse signals. All test result will display on the LCD, or transmit the result to a PC machine for further analysis. This paper also summarizes and discusses the related problem and homologous improvement measures run into in the design. By testing and debugging the system, it comes to the anticipant desire, and it can satisfy the mostly medium enterprise’PCBA testing in portable equipments.
本文针对PMN设备被测信号的特点,提出了PMN设备的PCB装配(PCBA,PCB assembly)测试系统方案。该方案以ICT测试和飞针测试方法为基础,结合测试架进行测试,兼顾设计成本与测试能力之间的平衡,给出了该测试系统的硬件和软件设计方案。
为了保证测试系统对目标PCB板上电压、电流和电阻等系统参数测试的稳定性和可靠性,本文提出了间断采样累加平均的测试方法。该方法根据实际应用要求设置对被测信号采样的间隔时间,然后对每次采样的数据累加平均,其结果为该参数的测试结果,从而降低了由于瞬时干扰而引起的测试不准确。
提出了一种快速测试和分页测试相结合的测试方法。快速测试可以一次性地给出所有被测信号的测试结果,并根据系统设置给出测试结论;分页测试则根据被测信号的测试类型,分别给出被测信号更为详细的测试结果,便于对被测信号的分析。这种测试方法既满足了实时测试要求,又能对信号进行分类设置与处理,满足各种应用要求。
本文根据PMN设备的PCB测试要求,实现了基于单片机和FPGA的PMN设备测试系统。该测试系统能测试模拟信号、时钟信号和脉冲信号等三大类信号。所有信号测试结果由液晶显示屏(LCD)输出,或传到上位PC机作进一步分析。通过对大量PMN设备的实际测试,表明该系统设计达到了预期的要求,能满足大多中小企业的手持式设备的PCBA测试需求。
With the development of embedded operating system,computer technology and electronic science, the portable medium technique acquires huge success, thus promoting the extensive application of the portable medium players. Along with the popularization of the portable medium player usage, multi-functionly hold type medium players appear, such as PMN. This type of products not only can satisfy the ordinary people's demand, but also can satisfy demands of blindman or other handicapped. However, for the sake of assuring the product quantity of the PMN equipments, effective test must be adopted during process of designing and producing. So PCB test_ technique is subjected to extensive concern more and more. Among the modern PCB testing methods, ICT tester and flying probe tester are the most ordinary methods. But the high expenses in the ICT tester and limited overlay in the flying probe tester make the PCB testing limited in some portable PMN. Due to these problems, this thesis proposes the research of portable equipment’s PCB testing method mainly based on the common advantage of ICT testing and flying probe testing.
According to the signal characteristic of the PMN, we propose a PCBA testing pattern for a kind of PMN which based on Intel embedded processor. This pattern take into account the balance of design cost and output ability and give the hardware and software design.
In order to ensure the stability and credibility of testing result in the target PCB testing, in this paper, we propose an new testing method. By the interrupted sampling and getting average result, the average result is the testing result, thus lower the unfaithfulness caused by the instantaneous interfering.
In the paper, we propose a combining test method, including fast test and single page test. In the fast testing mode, it need to press only one key and the testing system will test all signals automatically according to the testing flow and throw out the result. The single page test need to page up and down. This combining tester can not only satisfy the real-time testing request but also can set and process signals with classification.
According to the PCB testing request of a special PMN, this paper realizes a PMN testing system based on the MCU and FPGA. The system can test three kinds of signals such as analog signals, clock signals and pulse signals. All test result will display on the LCD, or transmit the result to a PC machine for further analysis. This paper also summarizes and discusses the related problem and homologous improvement measures run into in the design. By testing and debugging the system, it comes to the anticipant desire, and it can satisfy the mostly medium enterprise’PCBA testing in portable equipments.
引文
[1] 杨华. 智能电子测试系统应用研究. [中南大学硕士学位论文].湖南:中南大学,2004,1-8.
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[3] 2005-2006年PMP/MP4产业及市场研究报告,水木清华研究中心.
[4] http://www.et00.com/pcb/2006/0616/article_2313_2.html, 2006.
[5] 鲜飞. 在线测试技术的现状和发展[J].电子工业专用设备,2006,(136):6-12.
[6] Udi Efrat,Nir Dery. Challenges and Solutions in Fine Line AOI[J].电子工业专用设备,2004,(2):59-65.
[7] 处理先进技术板:将X光与ICT结合,SMT技术文章,2004. http://www.smte.net/Get/Docs/jsjl/2005-11/13/05111314306981.html
[8] 阙沛文. 确保印制板质量的在线测试系统[J]. 国外电子测量技术,2003,(3):13-14.
[9] 北民. 飞针系统:一种不可或缺的测试方法[J]. 电子产品世界,2003,(20):60-62.
[10] http://www.pcbif.com/Article/Testing/200702/7001.html,2006.
[11] S.Pitzek,P.Puschner. Function test environment for embedded driver compo- nents[C].Proceedings of the seventh IEEE International Symposium on Object- Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC’04). 2004:237-244.
[12] 江国强. EDA技术与应用[M]. 第1版,北京:电子工业出版社,2004年8月:77-108.
[13] 刘皖,何道君,谭明. FPGA设计与应用[M]. 第1版,北京:清华大学出版社,2006年6月:24-49.
[14] S.C.Tang, S.Y.(Ron)Hui, Henry Shu-Hung, Coreless planar printed-circuit- board (PCB) transformers-a fundamental concept for signal and energy transfer [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, Sep.2000. 15(5):931-941.
[15] Penlo Radev, Mukil Shirvaikar. Enhancement of Flying Probe Tester Systems with Automated Optical inspection [C]. Proceedings of the 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory .Tennessee Technological University Cookeville, TN,USA,Mar.5-7,2006:367-371.
[16] Jingook Kim, Heeseok Lee, Joungho Kim.Effects on signal integrity and radi- ated emission by split reference plane on high-speed multilayer printed circuit boards[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING. Nov.2005,28(4):724-735.
[17] 付旭,方康玲,陈国庆. 飞针测试机:结构、原理与实现[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(8):20-22.
[18] Christian Schuster, Wolfgang Fichtner. Parasitic modes on printed circuit boards and their effects on EMC and signal integrity[J]. IEEE TRANSACTI- ONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. 2001,43(4):416-425.
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[22] 高晓阳,刘成忠. 基于单片机的数字信号测试分析仪[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报,2006,No.2:95-97.
[23] 陈裕国. 用C8051F单片机控制MGLS12032液晶显示模块[J]. 广东自动化与信息工程,2006,No.2:35-37.
[24] 李绍民,陈兴文,刘燕. 单片机看方试验教学的探索[J]. 实验技术与管理,2002,19(6):84-85.
[25] 胡鸿才,贺贵明. 基于C8051F的电量测量与传输系统[J]. 现代电子技术,2006,No.9:83-85.
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[27] 冯涛,秦永左,赵巍. 实用多路数据采集系统[J]. 长春理工大学学报,2003年6月,26(2):83-84.
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[29] Herry Selvaraj*, Pawel Tomaszewicz, Mariusz Rawski etc.Efficient applica- tion of modern logic synthesis in FPGA-based designing of information and signal processing systems[C]. IEEE Proceedings of the Intemational Conference on Information Technology:Coding and Computing(ITCC’05). 2005,2:22-27.
[30] Kevin Banovic, Mohammed A. S. Khalid, Esam Abdel-Raheem. FPGA-based rapid prototyping of digital signal processing systems[J]. IEEE Computer Magazine. Aug.2005.10(4).1:647-650.
[31] Yiu-Wing Leung. A signal path grouping algorithm for fast detection of shortcircuits on printed circuit boards[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUM- ENTATION AND EASUREMENT. Feb.1994.43(1):80-85.
[32] Sachin S Junnarkar, Martin Purschke, Jean-Francois Pratte etc. An FPGA- based , 12-channel TDC and digital signal processing module for the RatCAP scanner[C]. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 2005:919-923.
[33] 王煜,Slew W.H.适用于嵌入式应用的高速信号采集电路[J].测试技术学报,2005,19(4):372-376.
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[35] Hari V. Venkatanarayanan, Michael L. Bushnell.An area efficient mixed- signal test architecture for systems-on-a-chip[C].IEEE Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on VLSI Design(VLSID’06).
[36] Haralampos-G.D. Stratigopoulos, Yiorgos Makris. Bridging the accuracy of functional and machine-learning-based mixed-signal testing[C].IEEE Proceedings of the 24th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium(VTS’06).
[37] M-L.Flottes, Y.Bertrand.Digital, memory and mixed-signal test engineering education five centres of competence in Europe[C]. IEEE Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Workshop on Electronic Design,Test and Applications(DELTA’04).
[38] Andy Kittross.Easy mixed signal test creation with test elements and proce- dures[C]. ITC INTERNATIONAL TEST CONFERENCE,2000.
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[2] 黄焕军. 漫谈PCB,PCB测试实验室与ISO/IEC17025[J]. 认证与电磁兼容卷,2006,No.11:59-60.
[3] 2005-2006年PMP/MP4产业及市场研究报告,水木清华研究中心.
[4] http://www.et00.com/pcb/2006/0616/article_2313_2.html, 2006.
[5] 鲜飞. 在线测试技术的现状和发展[J].电子工业专用设备,2006,(136):6-12.
[6] Udi Efrat,Nir Dery. Challenges and Solutions in Fine Line AOI[J].电子工业专用设备,2004,(2):59-65.
[7] 处理先进技术板:将X光与ICT结合,SMT技术文章,2004. http://www.smte.net/Get/Docs/jsjl/2005-11/13/05111314306981.html
[8] 阙沛文. 确保印制板质量的在线测试系统[J]. 国外电子测量技术,2003,(3):13-14.
[9] 北民. 飞针系统:一种不可或缺的测试方法[J]. 电子产品世界,2003,(20):60-62.
[10] http://www.pcbif.com/Article/Testing/200702/7001.html,2006.
[11] S.Pitzek,P.Puschner. Function test environment for embedded driver compo- nents[C].Proceedings of the seventh IEEE International Symposium on Object- Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC’04). 2004:237-244.
[12] 江国强. EDA技术与应用[M]. 第1版,北京:电子工业出版社,2004年8月:77-108.
[13] 刘皖,何道君,谭明. FPGA设计与应用[M]. 第1版,北京:清华大学出版社,2006年6月:24-49.
[14] S.C.Tang, S.Y.(Ron)Hui, Henry Shu-Hung, Coreless planar printed-circuit- board (PCB) transformers-a fundamental concept for signal and energy transfer [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, Sep.2000. 15(5):931-941.
[15] Penlo Radev, Mukil Shirvaikar. Enhancement of Flying Probe Tester Systems with Automated Optical inspection [C]. Proceedings of the 38th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory .Tennessee Technological University Cookeville, TN,USA,Mar.5-7,2006:367-371.
[16] Jingook Kim, Heeseok Lee, Joungho Kim.Effects on signal integrity and radi- ated emission by split reference plane on high-speed multilayer printed circuit boards[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ADVANCED PACKAGING. Nov.2005,28(4):724-735.
[17] 付旭,方康玲,陈国庆. 飞针测试机:结构、原理与实现[J].微计算机信息,2005,21(8):20-22.
[18] Christian Schuster, Wolfgang Fichtner. Parasitic modes on printed circuit boards and their effects on EMC and signal integrity[J]. IEEE TRANSACTI- ONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. 2001,43(4):416-425.
[19] http://www.xhl.com.cn/, 2006.
[20] C8051F12x-13x Datasheet[M], 2004.
[21] 赵志宏,李小珉,陈冬. 基于C8051F系列单片机的低功耗设计[J]. 单片机于嵌入式系统应用,2006,No.8: 8-10.
[22] 高晓阳,刘成忠. 基于单片机的数字信号测试分析仪[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报,2006,No.2:95-97.
[23] 陈裕国. 用C8051F单片机控制MGLS12032液晶显示模块[J]. 广东自动化与信息工程,2006,No.2:35-37.
[24] 李绍民,陈兴文,刘燕. 单片机看方试验教学的探索[J]. 实验技术与管理,2002,19(6):84-85.
[25] 胡鸿才,贺贵明. 基于C8051F的电量测量与传输系统[J]. 现代电子技术,2006,No.9:83-85.
[26] 李宗华,徐欣,卢启中等. 信号处理中高速计数器的设计及FPGA实现[J].电子技术应用,1999,No.11:67-68.
[27] 冯涛,秦永左,赵巍. 实用多路数据采集系统[J]. 长春理工大学学报,2003年6月,26(2):83-84.
[28] http://www.latticesemi.com, 2006.
[29] Herry Selvaraj*, Pawel Tomaszewicz, Mariusz Rawski etc.Efficient applica- tion of modern logic synthesis in FPGA-based designing of information and signal processing systems[C]. IEEE Proceedings of the Intemational Conference on Information Technology:Coding and Computing(ITCC’05). 2005,2:22-27.
[30] Kevin Banovic, Mohammed A. S. Khalid, Esam Abdel-Raheem. FPGA-based rapid prototyping of digital signal processing systems[J]. IEEE Computer Magazine. Aug.2005.10(4).1:647-650.
[31] Yiu-Wing Leung. A signal path grouping algorithm for fast detection of shortcircuits on printed circuit boards[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUM- ENTATION AND EASUREMENT. Feb.1994.43(1):80-85.
[32] Sachin S Junnarkar, Martin Purschke, Jean-Francois Pratte etc. An FPGA- based , 12-channel TDC and digital signal processing module for the RatCAP scanner[C]. IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 2005:919-923.
[33] 王煜,Slew W.H.适用于嵌入式应用的高速信号采集电路[J].测试技术学报,2005,19(4):372-376.
[34] 范风强,兰婵丽.单片机语言C51应用实战集锦[M]. 第1版,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[35] Hari V. Venkatanarayanan, Michael L. Bushnell.An area efficient mixed- signal test architecture for systems-on-a-chip[C].IEEE Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on VLSI Design(VLSID’06).
[36] Haralampos-G.D. Stratigopoulos, Yiorgos Makris. Bridging the accuracy of functional and machine-learning-based mixed-signal testing[C].IEEE Proceedings of the 24th IEEE VLSI Test Symposium(VTS’06).
[37] M-L.Flottes, Y.Bertrand.Digital, memory and mixed-signal test engineering education five centres of competence in Europe[C]. IEEE Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Workshop on Electronic Design,Test and Applications(DELTA’04).
[38] Andy Kittross.Easy mixed signal test creation with test elements and proce- dures[C]. ITC INTERNATIONAL TEST CONFERENCE,2000.
[39] K.Baker,A.M.Richardson,A.P.Dorey.Mixed signal test-techniques, applica- tions and demands[J].IEE Proc.-Circuits Devices Syst. Dec.1996.143(6):358-365
[40] Mohamed Hafed ,Gordon W.Roberts. Test and evaluation of multiple embed- ed mixed-signal test cores[C].ITC INTERNATIONAL TEST CONFERENCE. 2002:1022-1030.
[41] Naceed Zaman & Antony Spilman . Triggering and clocking architecture for mixed signal test[C].IEEE INTERNATIONAL TEST CONFERENCE , Otc.1998:496-499.
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