中国食品安全法制建设研究
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摘要
2011年3月14日十一届全国人大四次会议审议通过了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要》,十二五规划纲要始终贯穿着改善民生的主题,食品药品监管更是得到了进一步体现。纲要指出:“制定和完善食品药品安全标准。建立食品药品质量追溯制度,形成来源可追溯、去向可查证、责任可追究的安全责任链。健全食品药品安全应急体系,强化快速通报和快速反应机制。加强食品药品安全风险监测评估预警和监管执法,提高监管的有效性和公信力”。由此可见国家对食品安全问题给予了足够的重视。随着近年来国内食品安全事件的频繁爆发(包括不久前上海发生的“柠檬色素”馒头事件),食品安全问题已经引起了全社会普遍的关注。食品安全不仅关系到人民群众的生命健康和财产安全,情况严重的还将影响整个国家的社会稳定和国民经济的发展。在此情况下,《食品安全法》应运而生,《食品安全法》对中国食品安全问题的解决起到了很大的作用,然而,仅仅是一部法律的出台并不足以解决中国食品安全的所有问题。我国当前的食品安全法律主要有法律、法规、规章等,其制定主体多样化,食品安全标准的不统一,食品安全监管职责分段分部门实施等等一系列制度规范极易造成权力的消极冲突,使得出现食品安全问题各监管部门无人问津,消费者在出现食品安全问题之后投诉无门。笔者试图通过对法制建设、食品安全法制建设等相关概念的进一步界定,对当前中国食品安全法制建设主要内容的论述,对中国食品安全法制建设历史演进的阐述,对国内外食品安全法律制度的分析比较,详细论证我国食品安全法制建设存在问题,明确加快建设食品安全法律制度的必要性,树立以人为本的科学法制理念,以马克思主义法学为指导,倡导尽快制定统一的食品安全标准法,进一步梳理监管主体,完善司法责任追究制,形成统一完善的中国的食品安全法律制度,促进我国食品安全法制建设,为食品安全立法、执法和司法提供可能的帮助,从而为最终实现“十二五”期间国民寿命提高一岁打下良好的安全饮食基础。①
The fourth session of the 11th National People's Congress has passed "Outline of The Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development" in March 14, 2011.The outline runs through the theme of improving people’s livelihood, and the supervision of food and drug is further reflected. Outline pointed out that: "enact and improve food and drug safety standards. Set up the traceable system of food and drugs’quality, and develop a safety chain of responsibility, which can trace back source, check where to go and investigate responsibility. Improve the healthy food and drug safety emergency system, strengthen the rapid notification and rapid response mechanism. Strengthen the monitoring, evaluation, warning and regulatory enforcement, and enhance the effectiveness and credibility of regulation". This shows our country has paid sufficient attention to food safety. With the events of domestic food safety frequent outbreaks (including the event of "lemon pigment" steamed bread happened in Shanghai recently) recent years, food safety problems have attracted the whole social widespread attention. Food safety is not only related to people's healthy life and property security, but also can affect the whole country's social stability and development of national economy. In this case, "Food Safety Law" arises at the historic moment, and " Food Safety Law" plays a very significant role in solving China's food safety problems. However, only introducing a law cannot do enough to solve all the problems of China's food safety. China's current food safety laws mainly include laws, regulations and rules, and the diversification of formulation main bodies, the disunity of food safety standards, the subsection implement of food safety regulatory responsibility and so on. A series of systems is extremely easy to cause power negative conflict, make no regulator pay attention to food safety problems, and consumer have no complaints channels when food safety problems appear. The author attempts to further define related concepts of legal system construction, legal system construction of food safety, to discuss main contents of legal system construction of current Chinese food safety, to illustrate the historical evolution of legal system construction of Chinese food safety, to analyze and compare legal systems of domestic and foreign food safety. At the same time, the author also argues legal system construction problems of our country’s food safety, clears the necessity of speeding up the legal system construction of food safety, establish people-oriented scientific legal concept, advocate formulate a unified food safety standard as soon as possible under the guide of Marxism jurisprudence, further comb regulatory bodies, perfect judicial responsibility system , form a unified and perfect legal system of Chinese food safety, promote legal system construction of Chinese food safety, provide helps for food safety’s legislation, administration and jurisdiction, and lay a good basis of good diet for realizing to increase one year of national life expectancy during the period of "The Twelfth Five-year Plan ".
The fourth session of the 11th National People's Congress has passed "Outline of The Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development" in March 14, 2011.The outline runs through the theme of improving people’s livelihood, and the supervision of food and drug is further reflected. Outline pointed out that: "enact and improve food and drug safety standards. Set up the traceable system of food and drugs’quality, and develop a safety chain of responsibility, which can trace back source, check where to go and investigate responsibility. Improve the healthy food and drug safety emergency system, strengthen the rapid notification and rapid response mechanism. Strengthen the monitoring, evaluation, warning and regulatory enforcement, and enhance the effectiveness and credibility of regulation". This shows our country has paid sufficient attention to food safety. With the events of domestic food safety frequent outbreaks (including the event of "lemon pigment" steamed bread happened in Shanghai recently) recent years, food safety problems have attracted the whole social widespread attention. Food safety is not only related to people's healthy life and property security, but also can affect the whole country's social stability and development of national economy. In this case, "Food Safety Law" arises at the historic moment, and " Food Safety Law" plays a very significant role in solving China's food safety problems. However, only introducing a law cannot do enough to solve all the problems of China's food safety. China's current food safety laws mainly include laws, regulations and rules, and the diversification of formulation main bodies, the disunity of food safety standards, the subsection implement of food safety regulatory responsibility and so on. A series of systems is extremely easy to cause power negative conflict, make no regulator pay attention to food safety problems, and consumer have no complaints channels when food safety problems appear. The author attempts to further define related concepts of legal system construction, legal system construction of food safety, to discuss main contents of legal system construction of current Chinese food safety, to illustrate the historical evolution of legal system construction of Chinese food safety, to analyze and compare legal systems of domestic and foreign food safety. At the same time, the author also argues legal system construction problems of our country’s food safety, clears the necessity of speeding up the legal system construction of food safety, establish people-oriented scientific legal concept, advocate formulate a unified food safety standard as soon as possible under the guide of Marxism jurisprudence, further comb regulatory bodies, perfect judicial responsibility system , form a unified and perfect legal system of Chinese food safety, promote legal system construction of Chinese food safety, provide helps for food safety’s legislation, administration and jurisdiction, and lay a good basis of good diet for realizing to increase one year of national life expectancy during the period of "The Twelfth Five-year Plan ".
引文
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①现代汉语词典(第5版)[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,2008,6:1
①论语·乡党第十[M].北京:中国教育出版社,2009,6
①杨洁彬.食品安全性[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999
②胡秋辉.食品标准与法规[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2006:136
①于华江.食品安全法[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2010,4:1
②马丽卿.食品安全法规与标准[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009,9:1
[1] [美]博登海默.法理学一法哲学及其方法[M].邓正来等译.北京:华夏出版社,1987
[2]蔡永民,李功国和贾登勋.民法学[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2006
[3]蔡永民.环境与资源保护法学[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2004
[4]邓小平文选.(第3卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1993
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[7]胡秋辉,王承明.食品标准与法规[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2006
[8]胡秋辉、王建辉.食品标准研究[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2007
[9]江泽民文选.第1一3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2006
[10]李聪.食品安全监测与预警系统[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
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[15]王彬辉食品安全事故认定与法律处理[M].湖南人民出版社2005(1)
[16]杨保侧、刁恩杰和丁晓雯.从苏丹红说起[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[17]杨辉.完善食品监管执法体系的几点思考[M].北京:中国卫生法制,2007
[18]曾祥华.行政立法的正当性研究[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2007
[19]张敬礼.中国食品药品监管理论与法制实践[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2009(7)
[20]张士成中华人民共和国食品安全法读本[M] .北京:红旗出版社2009(4)
[21]张涛.食品安全法律规制研究[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2006(6)
[22]郑平安.卫生法学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[23]周汉华.政府监管与行政法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007
[1]蔡永民.论转基因生物技术的安全性及其法律规制[J].江南大学学报,2006(6)
[2]陈石蓉.风险与法律:食品安全责任的分配如何可能[J].西南政法大学学报,2008(4)
[3]程言清,黄祖辉.美国食品召回制度及其对我国食品安全的启示[J].南方经济
[4]胡锦涛.全面贯彻落实科学发展观,推动经济社会又快又好发展[J].求是, 2006(1)
[5]李震海.《食品安全法》的不足和完善[J].青岛大学学报,2009(6)
[6]李长健等.我国食品安全监管模式的反思和重构[J].经济师,2006(6)
[7]李跃歌.食品安全问题及对策研究[J].湖南行政学院学报,2007(3)
[8]刘冬兰.食品安全政府管制的理论依据分析[J].商场现代化,2006.12
[9]卢维理.保障食品安个的法制问题[J].人大研究,2005(1)
[10]潘雯.我国食品安全成因与对策[J].合作经济与科技,2006.8
[11]孙效敏.论《食品安全法》立法理念之不足及其对策[J].法学论坛2010(1)
[12]王希.完善我国食品安全监管体系的法律思考[J].科技经济市场,2007(4)
[13]王琼雯.食品安全主体行政责任研究[J].理论与改革,2008(2)
[14]王晓芬.论我国食品安全法律体系[J].中国卫生法制,2006(4)
[15]汪萍.完善我国转基因食品安全性法律保障机制的具体制度构想[J].经济师,2004(4)
[16]徐楠轩.欧美食品安全监管模式的现状及借鉴[J].法制与社会,2007(3)
[17]徐志其.欧美食品安全监管模式研究[J].法制与社会,2007(3)
[18]薛贵宾.构建我国食品召回制度的法律思考[J].行政与法,2006(8)
[19]叶永茂.国际食品安全领域热点问题综述[J].“食品安全”专栏,2002(7)
[20]张晓勇等.欧盟食物安全及其法规简介[J].中国农村经济,2004(3)
[21]张杰英.《食品安全法》在监管机制方面的突破[J].中共石家庄市委党校学报,2009(7)
[22]张芳.中国现代食品安全监管法律制度的发展与完善[J].政治与法律,2007(3)
①现代汉语词典(第5版)[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,2008,6:1
①论语·乡党第十[M].北京:中国教育出版社,2009,6
①杨洁彬.食品安全性[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999
②胡秋辉.食品标准与法规[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2006:136
①于华江.食品安全法[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2010,4:1
②马丽卿.食品安全法规与标准[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009,9:1
[1] [美]博登海默.法理学一法哲学及其方法[M].邓正来等译.北京:华夏出版社,1987
[2]蔡永民,李功国和贾登勋.民法学[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2006
[3]蔡永民.环境与资源保护法学[M].北京:人民法院出版社,2004
[4]邓小平文选.(第3卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1993
[5]邓小平文选.(第2卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1983
[6]胡锦涛.坚持走中国特色自主创新道路,为建设创新型国家而努力奋斗[M].人民出版社,2006
[7]胡秋辉,王承明.食品标准与法规[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2006
[8]胡秋辉、王建辉.食品标准研究[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2007
[9]江泽民文选.第1一3卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2006
[10]李聪.食品安全监测与预警系统[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006
[11]罗豪才.行政法哲学[M].北京:法律出版社,2002
[12]马克思恩格斯选集.(第3卷)[M]
[13]马克思恩格斯全集.(第25卷)[M]
[14] [美]玛丽恩·内斯特尔著,程池等(译).食品安全:令人震惊的食品行业真相[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004
[15]王彬辉食品安全事故认定与法律处理[M].湖南人民出版社2005(1)
[16]杨保侧、刁恩杰和丁晓雯.从苏丹红说起[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[17]杨辉.完善食品监管执法体系的几点思考[M].北京:中国卫生法制,2007
[18]曾祥华.行政立法的正当性研究[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,2007
[19]张敬礼.中国食品药品监管理论与法制实践[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2009(7)
[20]张士成中华人民共和国食品安全法读本[M] .北京:红旗出版社2009(4)
[21]张涛.食品安全法律规制研究[M].厦门:厦门大学出版社,2006(6)
[22]郑平安.卫生法学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[23]周汉华.政府监管与行政法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007
[1]蔡永民.论转基因生物技术的安全性及其法律规制[J].江南大学学报,2006(6)
[2]陈石蓉.风险与法律:食品安全责任的分配如何可能[J].西南政法大学学报,2008(4)
[3]程言清,黄祖辉.美国食品召回制度及其对我国食品安全的启示[J].南方经济
[4]胡锦涛.全面贯彻落实科学发展观,推动经济社会又快又好发展[J].求是, 2006(1)
[5]李震海.《食品安全法》的不足和完善[J].青岛大学学报,2009(6)
[6]李长健等.我国食品安全监管模式的反思和重构[J].经济师,2006(6)
[7]李跃歌.食品安全问题及对策研究[J].湖南行政学院学报,2007(3)
[8]刘冬兰.食品安全政府管制的理论依据分析[J].商场现代化,2006.12
[9]卢维理.保障食品安个的法制问题[J].人大研究,2005(1)
[10]潘雯.我国食品安全成因与对策[J].合作经济与科技,2006.8
[11]孙效敏.论《食品安全法》立法理念之不足及其对策[J].法学论坛2010(1)
[12]王希.完善我国食品安全监管体系的法律思考[J].科技经济市场,2007(4)
[13]王琼雯.食品安全主体行政责任研究[J].理论与改革,2008(2)
[14]王晓芬.论我国食品安全法律体系[J].中国卫生法制,2006(4)
[15]汪萍.完善我国转基因食品安全性法律保障机制的具体制度构想[J].经济师,2004(4)
[16]徐楠轩.欧美食品安全监管模式的现状及借鉴[J].法制与社会,2007(3)
[17]徐志其.欧美食品安全监管模式研究[J].法制与社会,2007(3)
[18]薛贵宾.构建我国食品召回制度的法律思考[J].行政与法,2006(8)
[19]叶永茂.国际食品安全领域热点问题综述[J].“食品安全”专栏,2002(7)
[20]张晓勇等.欧盟食物安全及其法规简介[J].中国农村经济,2004(3)
[21]张杰英.《食品安全法》在监管机制方面的突破[J].中共石家庄市委党校学报,2009(7)
[22]张芳.中国现代食品安全监管法律制度的发展与完善[J].政治与法律,2007(3)