适于甘薯淀粉高产L-乳酸米根霉菌株的选育
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摘要
乳酸是食品、医药、化工等工业领域中广泛应用的一种重要有机酸,高光学纯度乳酸具有极高的商业价值,而获得高品质乳酸的关键需要有优良的生产菌株。
     本文运用代谢控制育种理论和发酵工程的相关原理,进行了适于甘薯淀粉高产L-乳酸米根霉菌株的分离、诱变选育及其稳定性考察的研究,探讨了代谢过程中关键酶乳酸脱氢酶的性质以及发酵条件的变化对其活性的影响。实验研究的主要结论如下:
     1、建立了适于甘薯淀粉产L-乳酸米根霉的分离和诱变选育的系列平板初筛方法,在提高诱变育种效率的同时,有效地解决了诱变选育过程中丝状真菌蔓延生长的问题;
     2、采用紫外线(UV)、硫酸二乙酯(DES)对米根霉进行诱变处理,筛选得到两株高产L-乳酸的正向突变株:UV诱变40S-5-1和DES诱变40M-4-2-1,其产酸分别为130.7g/L、126.4g/L,对糖的转化率为83.9%、81.1%,产量分别提高了10.2%和8.8%;
     3、通过对米根霉代谢过程关键酶—乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的研究,找到了温度、pH、不同离子及离子的不同浓度对乳酸脱氢酶活性的影响规律,并测定出该来源乳酸脱氢酶的米氏常数:NADH为底物的米氏常数为7.22×10~(-4)mol/L,丙酮酸为底物的米氏常数为1.24×10~(-2)mol/L;
     4、在米根霉发酵甘薯淀粉生产L-乳酸过程中,LDH的动态特性表明,乳酸脱氢酶LDH的活性与发酵产酸水平及原料的转化率具有一定的相关性。
Lactic acid is a kind of widely used organic acid. Increasing its fermentation production depends on the microbial strain to some extend, which can be obtained by screening from environment and mutagenization.
    According to the strain screening theory and metabolic controlling fermentation theory, the screening of L-Lactic acid high- producing mutant of Rhizopus Oryzae and the key enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH) during the fermentation were systematically studied. The study includes the isolation and mutagenization, the stability of the mutants,the properties of LDH and the effect of changing the fermentation conditions on the activity of LDH. The sweet ptato starch were used as carbon source.
    A series of convenient methods for selection of L-Lactic acid high-producing mutant were developed. These methods have enhanced the efficiency and solved the problem that the filamentous fungi overspreads on the plate. By using the ultraviolet radiation (UV) and diethyl sulfate (DES) to mutagenize Rhizopus Oryzae As.3.819, two mutant strains 40S-5-1 and 40M-4-2-1 with higher yield of L-Lactic acid were obtained. The L-Lactic acid yields are 130.7g/L and 126.4g/L respectively. The starch conversion rates are 83.9% and 81.1% respectively, while the yields and the starch conversion rates of the parent strain are 117.4g/L and 75.3%.
    Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme which catalyzes the formation of lactic acid from pyruvic acid during the fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae. The properties of its partially purified extract were studied. The results show that LDH extract has optimum reaction pH of 7.4 and optimum temperature of 30-50C. Mg2+ and Ca2+ increase the activity of LDH, but K+ and Zn2+ reduce its activity. The km constants based on the substrates of NADH and pyruvate are 7.22x10-4mol/L and 1.24x 10-3mol/L respectively.
    The kinetic properties of LDH during the fermentation were also studied. We found that there are some relations between the activity of LDH and the yield of L-Lactic acid and the starch conversion.
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