高效油脂降解菌的筛选及其对油脂废水的强化处理研究
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摘要
含油废水是一种量大而面广的污染源。如何经济、快速、合理地处理含油脂的废水、废物，解决油类污染物的环境问题，已成为一个急待解决的社会问题。目前常用的处理方法主要有物理、化学方法分离和回收废水中的油脂，但无法彻底消除废水的油脂，而且易造成二次污染。生物法是处理油脂污染物的一种最有效、最安全和最彻底的方法。生物流化床适用于高浓度有机废水的高效生物处理。生物强化技术可以充分发挥微生物的降解能力，它可以与不同的处理系统相结合，针对性地去除某种或某类目标污染物。
针对含高浓度油脂的污染物，本研究通过筛选高效降解油脂的微生物菌株，进行了生物强化流化床生物反应器处理油脂废水的研究。通过驯化、富集培养，从不同来源的污水、污泥样品中筛选出三大类共106株菌株，对其中降解能力最强的6株菌进行了鉴定，其中X4菌为洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌，J2菌为分解油脂酵母菌。
研究了X4菌和J2菌降解油脂的最适条件。对X4菌，温度为30℃，pH为7.0；而对J2菌，温度为25℃，pH为5.0。对X4菌和J2菌降解油脂的特性研究表明：添加合适的氮源促进油脂的降解，硫酸铵为首选。C／N比在4：1和5：1时能分别促进X4菌和J2菌的生长和油脂降解。低浓度的表面活性剂能促进微生物的生长和油脂降解，对X4菌和J2菌来说，合适的Tween-80的浓度分别为600mg／L和900mg／L。加入H_2O_2能促进X4菌和J2菌降解油脂，适宜浓度为400mg／L。共基质培养表明，葡萄糖浓度为200mg／L时，能使X4菌株在24小时内的油脂降解率提高8％～10％。在油脂浓度≤2500mg／L时，X4菌对油脂的降解符合Monod动力学模型。
未驯化的活性污泥对油脂的降解作用十分缓慢，在24小时内只降解9％的油脂。驯化后的活性污泥对油脂具有较好的去除能力，在24小时内对油脂的降解率为78％。在活性污泥中投加X4菌对含油脂废水进行强化处理，可以大大提高油脂的去除率。
生物流化床反应器的流体力学特性研究结果表明，该反应器有良好的传质混合特性。生物流化床反应器经驯化挂膜后，电镜扫描显示，在载体的表面和内部孔隙分布有大量的微生物，说明反应器内陶瓷载体对微生物有良好的固着作用，在进行生物强化处理时有利于高效菌在反应器内的保持和强化效果的实现。
对生物流化床反应器的操作参数的研究结果表明，随着水力停留时间的延长，油脂和COD_(Cr)的去除率明显增大；而进水COD_(Cr)的浓度的提高对COD_(Cr)和油脂的去除的影响并不一致，实验范围内COD_(Cr)的去除率随进水COD_(Cr)的浓度
Oil wastewater is one of the most widespread environmental pollution in the world. How to eliminate the contamination economically, rapidly and reasonably, has received much public attention and thus become a major social problem in the past several years. Current physical and chemical technologies such as flotation and sedimentation are often insufficient and easy to cause secondary pollution. Biological technology is the most effective, safe and reasonable method for oil pollutions treatment. Bio-fluidized bed is a high effective biological treatment technique and suitable for high concentration organic wastewater treatment. Bioaugmentation, which use selected microbes to degrade organic compounds, can combine with different treating systems to remove some objective pollutant.
This study aims at the pollutants that contain high concentration of oil and applies bio-fluidized bed to treat oil wastewater by bioaugmentation with screened strains that can degrade oil effectively. With olive oil as the sole carbon source, one hundred and six strains were isolated from different oil contaminated wastewater, soil and sludge by enrichment and acclimation. And six of them with higher capability of oil degradation were identified. The strains X4 and J2 were identified as Burkholderia cepacia and Candida steatolytica respectively.
Optimal conditions for oil degradation were studied. For strain X4: the optimum temperature is 30℃ and the optimum pH is 7.0. For strain J2: the optimum temperature and the optimum pH is 25℃ and 5.0 individually. Detailed studies have been carried out on the characteristics of the strain X4 and J2 in oil degradation and the results as follows: Ammonia sulfate is the suitable nitrogen source for oil degradation. To promote oil degradation and the growth, the optimum C/N is 4:1 for X4 and 5:1 for J2 individually. Surfactants can promote oil degradation at low concentration, for X4 and J2, the proper concentration of Tween-80 is 600mg/L and 900mg/L individually. Olive oil co-substrate biodegradation with 200mg/L glucose can increase oil degradation rate by 8%~10%. When the concentration of oil is below 2500mg/L, oil biodegradation by X4 follows Monod kinetics model.
The un-acclimated active sludge degraded oil very slowly and 9% of oil was degraded in 24h. But the acclimated active sludge could degrade 78% of oil in 24h. The capability of treating oil wastewater was enhanced greatly by bioaugmentation in active sludge system.
The studies on the hydrodynamics of the bio-fluidized bed show that it has
针对含高浓度油脂的污染物，本研究通过筛选高效降解油脂的微生物菌株，进行了生物强化流化床生物反应器处理油脂废水的研究。通过驯化、富集培养，从不同来源的污水、污泥样品中筛选出三大类共106株菌株，对其中降解能力最强的6株菌进行了鉴定，其中X4菌为洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌，J2菌为分解油脂酵母菌。
研究了X4菌和J2菌降解油脂的最适条件。对X4菌，温度为30℃，pH为7.0；而对J2菌，温度为25℃，pH为5.0。对X4菌和J2菌降解油脂的特性研究表明：添加合适的氮源促进油脂的降解，硫酸铵为首选。C／N比在4：1和5：1时能分别促进X4菌和J2菌的生长和油脂降解。低浓度的表面活性剂能促进微生物的生长和油脂降解，对X4菌和J2菌来说，合适的Tween-80的浓度分别为600mg／L和900mg／L。加入H_2O_2能促进X4菌和J2菌降解油脂，适宜浓度为400mg／L。共基质培养表明，葡萄糖浓度为200mg／L时，能使X4菌株在24小时内的油脂降解率提高8％～10％。在油脂浓度≤2500mg／L时，X4菌对油脂的降解符合Monod动力学模型。
未驯化的活性污泥对油脂的降解作用十分缓慢，在24小时内只降解9％的油脂。驯化后的活性污泥对油脂具有较好的去除能力，在24小时内对油脂的降解率为78％。在活性污泥中投加X4菌对含油脂废水进行强化处理，可以大大提高油脂的去除率。
生物流化床反应器的流体力学特性研究结果表明，该反应器有良好的传质混合特性。生物流化床反应器经驯化挂膜后，电镜扫描显示，在载体的表面和内部孔隙分布有大量的微生物，说明反应器内陶瓷载体对微生物有良好的固着作用，在进行生物强化处理时有利于高效菌在反应器内的保持和强化效果的实现。
对生物流化床反应器的操作参数的研究结果表明，随着水力停留时间的延长，油脂和COD_(Cr)的去除率明显增大；而进水COD_(Cr)的浓度的提高对COD_(Cr)和油脂的去除的影响并不一致，实验范围内COD_(Cr)的去除率随进水COD_(Cr)的浓度
Oil wastewater is one of the most widespread environmental pollution in the world. How to eliminate the contamination economically, rapidly and reasonably, has received much public attention and thus become a major social problem in the past several years. Current physical and chemical technologies such as flotation and sedimentation are often insufficient and easy to cause secondary pollution. Biological technology is the most effective, safe and reasonable method for oil pollutions treatment. Bio-fluidized bed is a high effective biological treatment technique and suitable for high concentration organic wastewater treatment. Bioaugmentation, which use selected microbes to degrade organic compounds, can combine with different treating systems to remove some objective pollutant.
This study aims at the pollutants that contain high concentration of oil and applies bio-fluidized bed to treat oil wastewater by bioaugmentation with screened strains that can degrade oil effectively. With olive oil as the sole carbon source, one hundred and six strains were isolated from different oil contaminated wastewater, soil and sludge by enrichment and acclimation. And six of them with higher capability of oil degradation were identified. The strains X4 and J2 were identified as Burkholderia cepacia and Candida steatolytica respectively.
Optimal conditions for oil degradation were studied. For strain X4: the optimum temperature is 30℃ and the optimum pH is 7.0. For strain J2: the optimum temperature and the optimum pH is 25℃ and 5.0 individually. Detailed studies have been carried out on the characteristics of the strain X4 and J2 in oil degradation and the results as follows: Ammonia sulfate is the suitable nitrogen source for oil degradation. To promote oil degradation and the growth, the optimum C/N is 4:1 for X4 and 5:1 for J2 individually. Surfactants can promote oil degradation at low concentration, for X4 and J2, the proper concentration of Tween-80 is 600mg/L and 900mg/L individually. Olive oil co-substrate biodegradation with 200mg/L glucose can increase oil degradation rate by 8%~10%. When the concentration of oil is below 2500mg/L, oil biodegradation by X4 follows Monod kinetics model.
The un-acclimated active sludge degraded oil very slowly and 9% of oil was degraded in 24h. But the acclimated active sludge could degrade 78% of oil in 24h. The capability of treating oil wastewater was enhanced greatly by bioaugmentation in active sludge system.
The studies on the hydrodynamics of the bio-fluidized bed show that it has
引文
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