制药行业清洁生产指标体系的构建及清洁生产技术研究
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摘要
制药行业通常被人们称为健康产业,与公众生活息息相关。近年来制药行业发展迅猛,但是在发展的同时也产生了一系列环境问题,其生产加工过程带来的废水、废气以及固体废物等环境污染已经成为阻碍行业发展、危害公众健康的主要问题
在寻找经济和环境和谐统一的结合点上,美国、加拿大、英国等发达国家寻找到一条合适的途径,那就是清洁生产。清洁生产作为一种全新的可持续发展的思想,受到了世界各国的普遍认可和接受。清洁生产将全过程管理的环境战略持续的理念应用于生产过程、产品和服务中,以增加生态效益,减少对人类及环境的风险。在清洁生产方向的研究中,通过建立清洁生产指标体系可以对企业进行综合的生产全过程分析,评价企业实施清洁生产的水平,并针对企业存在的问题提出相应的清洁生产措施和管理制度,为企业持续开展清洁生产提供理论依据。
本文在国内外清洁生产研究的基础上,以在制药行业中占有比重较大的大输液类作为研究对象,构建大输液类制药行业清洁生产评价指标体系。本文主要内容包含：
(1)对大输液类制药行业各个环节可能产生的环境问题进行论述和分析,通过对国内外企业加工工艺和管理体系的系统研究以及对国内其他行业清洁生产评价指标体系的分析对比,从定性和定量的角度构建了包含资源和能源指标、污染物产生指标、资源综合利用指标、资源生态指标、生产工艺先进性指标、设备先进性指标、环境管理与劳动卫生指标、贯彻执行环保法规指标8个准则层31个指标层的大输液类制药行业清洁生产指标评价体系。
(2)通过研究对比国内同行业企业先进指标,确定大输液类指标体系各指标的基准值。采用层次分析法并利用yaahp软件进行计算,确定所建立指标体系各指标的权重值并划分了相应的清洁生产水平等级。
(3)以国内某制药企业为案例,运用建立的指标体系进行清洁生产水平评价,以此检验所建立指标体系与实际情况是否一致。结果表明,本文构建的指标体系和评价方法可操作性强、准确性较高,对我国制药行业清洁生产水平评价有一定的参考作用。
(4)通过大量文献查阅和实地考察,本文归纳和总结了大输液类制药行业最佳可行清洁生产方案技术集成(BAT),为本行业其他企业实施清洁生产技术提供支持和参考。
The pharmaceutical industry is usually called healthy industry, and has many things to do with people's life. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry is developing rapidly, at the same time it produces a series of environmental problems. The waste water, exhaust and solid wastes produced in production process has become the hinder of the development of this industry and a public health hazard.
In the search for harmony of economic growth and environment, the United States, Canada, Britain and other developed countries have found a suitable way which called cleaner production. Cleaner production as a brand new idea of sustainable development is now widely accepted by all countries in the world. It adopts the strategic concept of whole process of management into the production process, product and service in order to increases the ecological benefit and reduces the risk of human beings and the environment. In the research of cleaner production, the whole production process analysis of the enterprise and evaluation of enterprise implementation of cleaner production level is done by establishing a clean production index system. Corresponding clean production measures and management system are put forward which provides theoretical basis for the enterprise to carry out clean production.
Based on the review of clean production, this paper takes the infusion as the research object for its large share in the pharmaceutical industry. Then, the evaluation index system of infusion is constructed. This article mainly includes:
(1) The environmental problems caused by each link of the infusion of the pharmaceutical industry are discussed and analyzed in this paper. Through research on processing technology and management system of domestic and international enterprise and on cleaner production evaluation index system in other industries at home, the paper has built a infusion pharmaceutical industry clean production evaluation index system from the qualitative and quantitative point of view which contains resources and energy indicators, pollutants indicators, comprehensive utilization of resources indicators, ecological indicators, resource production technology advancement indicators, equipment advancement indicators, environment management and labor health indicators, implement environmental protection laws and regulations indicators. This index system includes 8 rule layers and 31 index levels.
(2) Through the study of advanced index in domestic industry enterprise, the paper determined the basic value of the each index in the infusion index system. Weights of each index and levels of clean production is determined by using analytic hierarchy process and yaahp software
(3) This paper takes a domestic pharmaceutical enterprise as a case, cleaner production level evaluation is done using the index system above, and the index system is examined with actual situation. The results show that the index system and evaluation method in this paper is feasible and highly accurate, and has reference function for the pharmaceutical industry clean production in China.
(4) After a large number of literature review and investigation, this paper summed up the best feasible scheme of cleaner production technical integration (BAT) of the infusion in pharmaceutical industry, and also provides support and reference for cleaner production technology in other enterprise.
在寻找经济和环境和谐统一的结合点上,美国、加拿大、英国等发达国家寻找到一条合适的途径,那就是清洁生产。清洁生产作为一种全新的可持续发展的思想,受到了世界各国的普遍认可和接受。清洁生产将全过程管理的环境战略持续的理念应用于生产过程、产品和服务中,以增加生态效益,减少对人类及环境的风险。在清洁生产方向的研究中,通过建立清洁生产指标体系可以对企业进行综合的生产全过程分析,评价企业实施清洁生产的水平,并针对企业存在的问题提出相应的清洁生产措施和管理制度,为企业持续开展清洁生产提供理论依据。
本文在国内外清洁生产研究的基础上,以在制药行业中占有比重较大的大输液类作为研究对象,构建大输液类制药行业清洁生产评价指标体系。本文主要内容包含：
(1)对大输液类制药行业各个环节可能产生的环境问题进行论述和分析,通过对国内外企业加工工艺和管理体系的系统研究以及对国内其他行业清洁生产评价指标体系的分析对比,从定性和定量的角度构建了包含资源和能源指标、污染物产生指标、资源综合利用指标、资源生态指标、生产工艺先进性指标、设备先进性指标、环境管理与劳动卫生指标、贯彻执行环保法规指标8个准则层31个指标层的大输液类制药行业清洁生产指标评价体系。
(2)通过研究对比国内同行业企业先进指标,确定大输液类指标体系各指标的基准值。采用层次分析法并利用yaahp软件进行计算,确定所建立指标体系各指标的权重值并划分了相应的清洁生产水平等级。
(3)以国内某制药企业为案例,运用建立的指标体系进行清洁生产水平评价,以此检验所建立指标体系与实际情况是否一致。结果表明,本文构建的指标体系和评价方法可操作性强、准确性较高,对我国制药行业清洁生产水平评价有一定的参考作用。
(4)通过大量文献查阅和实地考察,本文归纳和总结了大输液类制药行业最佳可行清洁生产方案技术集成(BAT),为本行业其他企业实施清洁生产技术提供支持和参考。
The pharmaceutical industry is usually called healthy industry, and has many things to do with people's life. Recently, the pharmaceutical industry is developing rapidly, at the same time it produces a series of environmental problems. The waste water, exhaust and solid wastes produced in production process has become the hinder of the development of this industry and a public health hazard.
In the search for harmony of economic growth and environment, the United States, Canada, Britain and other developed countries have found a suitable way which called cleaner production. Cleaner production as a brand new idea of sustainable development is now widely accepted by all countries in the world. It adopts the strategic concept of whole process of management into the production process, product and service in order to increases the ecological benefit and reduces the risk of human beings and the environment. In the research of cleaner production, the whole production process analysis of the enterprise and evaluation of enterprise implementation of cleaner production level is done by establishing a clean production index system. Corresponding clean production measures and management system are put forward which provides theoretical basis for the enterprise to carry out clean production.
Based on the review of clean production, this paper takes the infusion as the research object for its large share in the pharmaceutical industry. Then, the evaluation index system of infusion is constructed. This article mainly includes:
(1) The environmental problems caused by each link of the infusion of the pharmaceutical industry are discussed and analyzed in this paper. Through research on processing technology and management system of domestic and international enterprise and on cleaner production evaluation index system in other industries at home, the paper has built a infusion pharmaceutical industry clean production evaluation index system from the qualitative and quantitative point of view which contains resources and energy indicators, pollutants indicators, comprehensive utilization of resources indicators, ecological indicators, resource production technology advancement indicators, equipment advancement indicators, environment management and labor health indicators, implement environmental protection laws and regulations indicators. This index system includes 8 rule layers and 31 index levels.
(2) Through the study of advanced index in domestic industry enterprise, the paper determined the basic value of the each index in the infusion index system. Weights of each index and levels of clean production is determined by using analytic hierarchy process and yaahp software
(3) This paper takes a domestic pharmaceutical enterprise as a case, cleaner production level evaluation is done using the index system above, and the index system is examined with actual situation. The results show that the index system and evaluation method in this paper is feasible and highly accurate, and has reference function for the pharmaceutical industry clean production in China.
(4) After a large number of literature review and investigation, this paper summed up the best feasible scheme of cleaner production technical integration (BAT) of the infusion in pharmaceutical industry, and also provides support and reference for cleaner production technology in other enterprise.
引文
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[4]丁静,梁毅.制药企业药品生产过程中污染的控制咨询服务[J].化工装备技术,2006,15(7)：55-60.
[5]SUSAN L M, SAMUEL B M. Creating and managing a virtual inter-organizational learning network for greener production:a conceptual model and case study [J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2006,14:91-899.
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[7]SAMUEL B M, LARRY W A. Systems thinking and green chemistry in the textile industry:concepts, technologies and benefits [J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2004(12):585-601.
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