我国餐饮回收业监管的主要问题及对策研究
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摘要
随着我国餐饮业的快速发展，催生出了餐饮回收业这一新兴行业。应该说餐饮回收业的出现是社会发展的必然。然而由于行业内发展不规范，还没有形成行业共识，没有建立起统一的行业道德规范，加之社会对该行业认知的滞后以及由此带来的管理滞后都在一定程度上使行业发展出现混乱的局面。而国家层面到目前为止还没有制定出该行业的战略发展规划，也使得行业的发展不能够实现资源的有效整合，社会也不能够为行业的发展提供充足完善的条件保障。
当前我国提出改变经济增长方式和建设环境友好型社会，这些都需要大力发展餐饮回收业。同时要求政府及社会力量介入行业发展，解决行业存在的各种问题，使餐饮回收业能够健康发展，成为一个朝阳产业。因此无论是政府还是社会各界都要关注餐饮回收业的发展，解决好餐饮回收业发展什么怎么发展的问题。有责任和义务为餐饮回收业的发展出谋出力。
正基于以上背景，本文把如何实现对餐饮回收业的有效监管促进其健康发展作为主线。对当前餐饮回收业存在的问题进行了概括，对国外好的经验进行了总结，对问题的成因进行了分析，对如何发展提出了建议。在论证过程中汲取了一些专家学者的研究成果。而为了论证严谨可信，文中的所有案例都是已公开的真实事件。
在具体措施上，本论文提出一是在促进行业健康发展方面强调市场引导，依据市场经济规律发展餐饮回收业，解决餐饮回收业发展中存在的一些问题；二是在规范行业行为方面强调整合监管，要形成行业内部、社会、政府三位一体的监督网络，要从政策制度法律、管理以及提供行业发展条件三个层次入手形成引导监管体系；三是强调行业发展要有顶层设计。只有从国家层面制定发展战略，才能形成整个行业的发展思路并制定发展步骤，进而通过财政、金融、科技等政策和手段为行业发展提供支持和动力。从而从根本上解决餐饮回收业存在的问题。
当前，餐饮回收业还没有被各种文件文献正式地提出来。而是将其或列入环保领域循环经济范畴，或列入食品安全范畴。但是这对餐饮回收业来说是对其存在价值的低估。正因如此，本文提出了餐饮回收业这一概念。就是想通过这个概念的提出，转变社会对餐厨垃圾的看法，认识到其是可再生的储量巨大的而被视为社会负担的并未得到有效利用的宝贵资源和财富。进而使社会不断完善餐厨垃圾的采集措施提高应用技术以及扩大产品利用空间增强产品市场竞争能力，使餐饮回收业成为社会的一个主流产业，为我国的经济社会发展服务。
With the rapid development of China's catering industry, gave birth to thefood and beverage recycling industry in this emerging industry. Shouldcatering recycling industry is inevitable social development. China hasproposed to change the mode of economic growth and the construction ofenvironment-friendly society, need to vigorously develop the restaurantrecycling industry, the Government and the social forces involved in thedevelopment of the industry to solve the various problems of the industry, sothat restaurant recycling industry can develop healthily, become a sunriseindustry. Therefore, either the government or the community should beconcerned with the development of restaurant recycling industry to solve thegood restaurant recycling industry how the development of problem. At thesame time have the responsibility and obligation to seek out for cateringrecycling industry to contribute.
Based on the above background, this article how to achieve the effectiveregulation of the restaurant recycling industry to promote their healthydevelopment as the main line. Summarized catering recycling industry, theforeign good experience, the causes of the problem is analyzed, and maderecommendations on how to develop. Some experts research results gained inthe demonstration process. In order to demonstrate a rigorous and credible, inall cases in the text are already in the public real events.
Emphasis on market guide on the specific measures, one in promoting thehealthy development of the industry to solve some problems in the recyclingindustry development in the catering, catering recycling industry, according tothe rules of market economy development. Second, the emphasis onintegrated supervision, to form within the industry, society, governmentsupervision of the trinity of the network, from the policies and systems law,management, and provides three levels of development of the industryconditions to start the formation of the guide regulatory system in the industry norms. Third, the emphasis on the development of the industry have atop-level design. Only from the national level to formulate developmentstrategies in order to form the Development of the industry as a whole and theformulation of development steps, and to provide support and motivationthrough financial, finance, science and technology policies and instruments forthe development of the industry. A fundamental solution to the problems ofcatering recycling industry.
At present, the restaurant recycling industry has not been a variety of filedocuments formally proposed. To or included in the field of environmentalprotection cycle sectors of the economy, or included in the scope of food safety.But catering for the recycling industry is its value underestimated. For thisreason, this paper presents the concept of catering recycling industry. Justwant to change society's views on food waste by this concept, recognizing itshuge renewable reserves to be regarded as a burden to society have not beeneffective use of valuable resources and wealth. Thereby enabling thecommunity to constantly improve the food waste collection measures toimprove the application of technology and the expansion of product use ofspace, catering recycling industry to become a mainstream industry of thesociety, for our country's economic and social development.
当前我国提出改变经济增长方式和建设环境友好型社会，这些都需要大力发展餐饮回收业。同时要求政府及社会力量介入行业发展，解决行业存在的各种问题，使餐饮回收业能够健康发展，成为一个朝阳产业。因此无论是政府还是社会各界都要关注餐饮回收业的发展，解决好餐饮回收业发展什么怎么发展的问题。有责任和义务为餐饮回收业的发展出谋出力。
正基于以上背景，本文把如何实现对餐饮回收业的有效监管促进其健康发展作为主线。对当前餐饮回收业存在的问题进行了概括，对国外好的经验进行了总结，对问题的成因进行了分析，对如何发展提出了建议。在论证过程中汲取了一些专家学者的研究成果。而为了论证严谨可信，文中的所有案例都是已公开的真实事件。
在具体措施上，本论文提出一是在促进行业健康发展方面强调市场引导，依据市场经济规律发展餐饮回收业，解决餐饮回收业发展中存在的一些问题；二是在规范行业行为方面强调整合监管，要形成行业内部、社会、政府三位一体的监督网络，要从政策制度法律、管理以及提供行业发展条件三个层次入手形成引导监管体系；三是强调行业发展要有顶层设计。只有从国家层面制定发展战略，才能形成整个行业的发展思路并制定发展步骤，进而通过财政、金融、科技等政策和手段为行业发展提供支持和动力。从而从根本上解决餐饮回收业存在的问题。
当前，餐饮回收业还没有被各种文件文献正式地提出来。而是将其或列入环保领域循环经济范畴，或列入食品安全范畴。但是这对餐饮回收业来说是对其存在价值的低估。正因如此，本文提出了餐饮回收业这一概念。就是想通过这个概念的提出，转变社会对餐厨垃圾的看法，认识到其是可再生的储量巨大的而被视为社会负担的并未得到有效利用的宝贵资源和财富。进而使社会不断完善餐厨垃圾的采集措施提高应用技术以及扩大产品利用空间增强产品市场竞争能力，使餐饮回收业成为社会的一个主流产业，为我国的经济社会发展服务。
With the rapid development of China's catering industry, gave birth to thefood and beverage recycling industry in this emerging industry. Shouldcatering recycling industry is inevitable social development. China hasproposed to change the mode of economic growth and the construction ofenvironment-friendly society, need to vigorously develop the restaurantrecycling industry, the Government and the social forces involved in thedevelopment of the industry to solve the various problems of the industry, sothat restaurant recycling industry can develop healthily, become a sunriseindustry. Therefore, either the government or the community should beconcerned with the development of restaurant recycling industry to solve thegood restaurant recycling industry how the development of problem. At thesame time have the responsibility and obligation to seek out for cateringrecycling industry to contribute.
Based on the above background, this article how to achieve the effectiveregulation of the restaurant recycling industry to promote their healthydevelopment as the main line. Summarized catering recycling industry, theforeign good experience, the causes of the problem is analyzed, and maderecommendations on how to develop. Some experts research results gained inthe demonstration process. In order to demonstrate a rigorous and credible, inall cases in the text are already in the public real events.
Emphasis on market guide on the specific measures, one in promoting thehealthy development of the industry to solve some problems in the recyclingindustry development in the catering, catering recycling industry, according tothe rules of market economy development. Second, the emphasis onintegrated supervision, to form within the industry, society, governmentsupervision of the trinity of the network, from the policies and systems law,management, and provides three levels of development of the industryconditions to start the formation of the guide regulatory system in the industry norms. Third, the emphasis on the development of the industry have atop-level design. Only from the national level to formulate developmentstrategies in order to form the Development of the industry as a whole and theformulation of development steps, and to provide support and motivationthrough financial, finance, science and technology policies and instruments forthe development of the industry. A fundamental solution to the problems ofcatering recycling industry.
At present, the restaurant recycling industry has not been a variety of filedocuments formally proposed. To or included in the field of environmentalprotection cycle sectors of the economy, or included in the scope of food safety.But catering for the recycling industry is its value underestimated. For thisreason, this paper presents the concept of catering recycling industry. Justwant to change society's views on food waste by this concept, recognizing itshuge renewable reserves to be regarded as a burden to society have not beeneffective use of valuable resources and wealth. Thereby enabling thecommunity to constantly improve the food waste collection measures toimprove the application of technology and the expansion of product use ofspace, catering recycling industry to become a mainstream industry of thesociety, for our country's economic and social development.
引文
[1]张振华、汪华林、胥培军、李权柄.厨余垃圾的现状及其处理技术综述[J].再生资源研究.2007，5.
[2]蔺丰奇、仲晓芳、吕颖.充分发挥行业协会行业自律管理的作用[N].河北经济日报.数学报2009-2-13：13.
[3]冀星.利用餐厨垃圾中的油脂生产生物柴油技术与政策问题研究[J].《中国能源》.2011.
[4]王向会、李广魏、孟虹、马琳、赵国珏.国内外垃圾处理状况概述[J].《环境卫生科学》2005，4.
[5]王海霞.餐厨垃圾资源化前景光明道路曲折[N].中国能源报。2011，10，26
[6]旧金山餐厨垃圾变高级堆肥[N].中国环境报.2010-7-31.
[7]美国餐厨垃圾管理政策与措施[J/OL].中国新风网.
[8] Walter H. Stolting.Food waste materials: a survey of urban garbageproduction, collection, and utilization[J/OL].U. S. Bureau ofagricultural economics, United States. Bureau of AgriculturalEconomics,1941.
[9]日本餐厨垃圾管理政策与措施[J/OL].中国新风网.2011-12-1.
[10]国外如何管理地沟油[N].北京晨报.2011-9-15.
[11]孙营军.杭州市餐厨垃圾现状调查及其厌氧沼气发酵可行性研究[J/OL].中国餐厨垃圾网.
[12]蒋高明.看国外如何治理地沟油[N].新京报.2011-9-24.
[13]赵文军.餐厨垃圾资源化技术研究.[M].黑龙江：黑龙江大学出版社.2011.
[14]科普:什么是"地沟油"[J/OL].新华网.2011-8-17.
[15]李国建、赵爱华、张益.城市垃圾处理工程.[M].科学出版社.2011.
[16]刘晓燕、王丹丹、徐佳丽.深圳福田政府指定餐厨垃圾回收企业亏损倒闭[N].南方都市报.2010-4-24.
[17]2007年中国食品安全报告[R].
[18]国家十二五发展规划纲要[R].
[19]李斐然.地沟油也有春天[N].中国青年报.2011-08-31.
[20]方艳梅.地沟油整治不力“一把手”将被问责——我市餐厨废弃物监管实行县区长负责制[N].承德晚报.2011-8-5.
[21]陶渊,黄兴华.城市生活垃圾处理导论.[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2006
[22]黄明钢、通讯员、崔嵩.垃圾收集困难首家餐厨垃圾回收项目半停产[N].深圳商报.2011-9-19.
[23]陈亮.餐厨垃圾处理厂停产1年2300万环保项目缘何成摆设[N].东方今报.2010-10-27.
[24]郑曼英.广州市餐厨垃圾管理对策研究[J].环境卫生工程.2004,9.
[25]王瑜.地沟油黑色产业链曝光监管部门互相推诿引质疑[N].工人日报.2011-9-18.
[26]蔡林.我国垃圾污染治理及综合利用财税政策调整问题.环境保护.2003,06.
[27]李娜.正规粮油企业偷售地沟油暴利链条涉及28个省份[N].法制日报.2011-12-13.
[28]张继先.生活垃圾回收市场机制研究.[M].中国农业出版社.2010.
[29]殷婷婷、赵梦龙.男子挖地沟油被抓现行无法律依据惩罚成难题[N].河南商报.2010-4-12.
[30]赵由才、.宋玉.生活垃圾处理与资源化技术手册.[M].冶金工业出版社.2007.
[31]包晓凤、龙九尊.餐厨垃圾能用做生物饲料吗？[N].科学时报.2010-3-21.
[32]陈国美.餐厨垃圾生产肥料管理研究[D].硕士学位论文.天津,天津大学.2011.
[33]窦红梅.按现有国标检测地沟油竟然“合格”[N].北京日报.2011-9-16.
[34]徐海云、徐文龙、卢英方.城市生活垃圾管理与处理技术[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2006.
[35]地沟油检测难倒卫生部[N].新京报.2011-10-14.
[36]李先昭、陈炳山、孙巡.道道防线为何挡不住“垃圾猪”[N].新华日报.2011-3-23.
[37]李小卉.餐厨垃圾的危害及综合治理对策[J].研究与探讨.2006，11.
[2]蔺丰奇、仲晓芳、吕颖.充分发挥行业协会行业自律管理的作用[N].河北经济日报.数学报2009-2-13：13.
[3]冀星.利用餐厨垃圾中的油脂生产生物柴油技术与政策问题研究[J].《中国能源》.2011.
[4]王向会、李广魏、孟虹、马琳、赵国珏.国内外垃圾处理状况概述[J].《环境卫生科学》2005，4.
[5]王海霞.餐厨垃圾资源化前景光明道路曲折[N].中国能源报。2011，10，26
[6]旧金山餐厨垃圾变高级堆肥[N].中国环境报.2010-7-31.
[7]美国餐厨垃圾管理政策与措施[J/OL].中国新风网.
[8] Walter H. Stolting.Food waste materials: a survey of urban garbageproduction, collection, and utilization[J/OL].U. S. Bureau ofagricultural economics, United States. Bureau of AgriculturalEconomics,1941.
[9]日本餐厨垃圾管理政策与措施[J/OL].中国新风网.2011-12-1.
[10]国外如何管理地沟油[N].北京晨报.2011-9-15.
[11]孙营军.杭州市餐厨垃圾现状调查及其厌氧沼气发酵可行性研究[J/OL].中国餐厨垃圾网.
[12]蒋高明.看国外如何治理地沟油[N].新京报.2011-9-24.
[13]赵文军.餐厨垃圾资源化技术研究.[M].黑龙江：黑龙江大学出版社.2011.
[14]科普:什么是"地沟油"[J/OL].新华网.2011-8-17.
[15]李国建、赵爱华、张益.城市垃圾处理工程.[M].科学出版社.2011.
[16]刘晓燕、王丹丹、徐佳丽.深圳福田政府指定餐厨垃圾回收企业亏损倒闭[N].南方都市报.2010-4-24.
[17]2007年中国食品安全报告[R].
[18]国家十二五发展规划纲要[R].
[19]李斐然.地沟油也有春天[N].中国青年报.2011-08-31.
[20]方艳梅.地沟油整治不力“一把手”将被问责——我市餐厨废弃物监管实行县区长负责制[N].承德晚报.2011-8-5.
[21]陶渊,黄兴华.城市生活垃圾处理导论.[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2006
[22]黄明钢、通讯员、崔嵩.垃圾收集困难首家餐厨垃圾回收项目半停产[N].深圳商报.2011-9-19.
[23]陈亮.餐厨垃圾处理厂停产1年2300万环保项目缘何成摆设[N].东方今报.2010-10-27.
[24]郑曼英.广州市餐厨垃圾管理对策研究[J].环境卫生工程.2004,9.
[25]王瑜.地沟油黑色产业链曝光监管部门互相推诿引质疑[N].工人日报.2011-9-18.
[26]蔡林.我国垃圾污染治理及综合利用财税政策调整问题.环境保护.2003,06.
[27]李娜.正规粮油企业偷售地沟油暴利链条涉及28个省份[N].法制日报.2011-12-13.
[28]张继先.生活垃圾回收市场机制研究.[M].中国农业出版社.2010.
[29]殷婷婷、赵梦龙.男子挖地沟油被抓现行无法律依据惩罚成难题[N].河南商报.2010-4-12.
[30]赵由才、.宋玉.生活垃圾处理与资源化技术手册.[M].冶金工业出版社.2007.
[31]包晓凤、龙九尊.餐厨垃圾能用做生物饲料吗？[N].科学时报.2010-3-21.
[32]陈国美.餐厨垃圾生产肥料管理研究[D].硕士学位论文.天津,天津大学.2011.
[33]窦红梅.按现有国标检测地沟油竟然“合格”[N].北京日报.2011-9-16.
[34]徐海云、徐文龙、卢英方.城市生活垃圾管理与处理技术[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2006.
[35]地沟油检测难倒卫生部[N].新京报.2011-10-14.
[36]李先昭、陈炳山、孙巡.道道防线为何挡不住“垃圾猪”[N].新华日报.2011-3-23.
[37]李小卉.餐厨垃圾的危害及综合治理对策[J].研究与探讨.2006，11.