磁场驱动法制备ZrO_2-Co功能梯度材料研究
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摘要
功能梯度材料是具有独特微观结构的新型材料,其连续变化的组成、结构和性能,可以满足在单一材料内部的不同部位实现不同功能的需要,具有广泛的应用前景。本论文基于组元磁导率的差异,利用运动磁场对磁性组元的磁驱动作用,设计并搭建了磁场驱动装置,制备了成分和性能连续变化的Zr02-Co功能梯度材料。通过金相显微镜、显微硬度仪和振动样品磁强计等手段,系统的研究了复合浆料成分(包括浆料固相分数、Co含量、粒子粒径)和磁场驱动参数(包括磁场强度、磁场运动速度、磁场作用次数)等因素对Zr02-Co梯度材料组织和性能的影响。
主要研究结果如下：
利用运动磁场驱动磁性组元制备功能梯度材料的方法,成功制备了成分和性能连续变化的Zr02-Co梯度材料。
随着浆料固相分数的增加,样品致密度逐渐增加,而成分梯度却逐渐降低。采用抽滤过程进行脱水处理,能够在低固相分数的条件下获得较高致密度的样品。随着Co含量由4 wt.%增加到20wt.%,样品中Co沿着磁场运动方向成梯度分布。在各成分样品中,沿长度方向形成了硬度和归一化饱和磁化强度梯度,其结果同Co的成分分布相吻合。随着Co和Zr02粒径比的增加,Co的成分梯度逐渐增加。在粒径比相当的情况下,降低Co和Zr02粒径,有助于成分梯度的增加。
随着磁场强度的增加,Co沿着磁场运动方向梯度分布,且成分梯度逐渐增加。随着磁场运动速度的增加,Co沿着磁场运动方向梯度分布,且成分梯度逐渐减小。当磁场运动速度增加到3mm/s时,样品中基本无成分梯度形成。浆料中粒子移动与磁场作用次数有关。磁场作用次数越多,最终形成成分梯度越大。建立了磁性粒子在运动磁场中的受力模型,合理解释了试验结果。
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a class of novel materials. The composition, microstructure and properties of these materials vary continuously and smoothly. They have been extensively used in many engineering field, where a material is required to perform different functions at different locations. Based on the distinct difference in magnetic susceptibility between components, new magnetic-field-driving method was developed to prepare ZrO2-Co FGMs. The magnetic-field-driving device was designed and built to meet the need of experiments. The influences of mixed slurry composition (including solid content, Co concentration and particle size) and magnetic field strength, magnetic field velocity and the action times on composition distribution, microhardness and normallized saturation magnetization of ZrO2-Co FGMs were studied systematically by means of optical microscope, microhardness tester and vibrating sample magnetometer.
The results are summarized as follows:
The gradient of microstructure, composition distribution and properties were formed along the field moving direction in samples prepared by moving magnetic-field-driving method. As the solid content in suspension increased, the density of FGMs increased, but the composition gradient decreased. High density of the samples with low solid content can be obtained by vacuum filtration processing. With increasing Ni content from 5 to 20 wt.%, the composition gradient formed as well as microhardness and normallized saturation magnetization, the composition gradient increased with increasing of particle diameter ratio between Co and ZrO2.
With increasing of magnetic field strength increased, the composition gradient of Co was formed and increased. As the magnetic field velocity increased from 0.25mm/s to 3mm/s, Ni gradient decreased. However, little gradient was formed as the velocity was up to 3mm/s. The composition gradient increased with adding the action times of magnetic field from 1 to 15. A schematic model was proposed to explain the distribution of particles in gradient magnetic fields.
主要研究结果如下：
利用运动磁场驱动磁性组元制备功能梯度材料的方法,成功制备了成分和性能连续变化的Zr02-Co梯度材料。
随着浆料固相分数的增加,样品致密度逐渐增加,而成分梯度却逐渐降低。采用抽滤过程进行脱水处理,能够在低固相分数的条件下获得较高致密度的样品。随着Co含量由4 wt.%增加到20wt.%,样品中Co沿着磁场运动方向成梯度分布。在各成分样品中,沿长度方向形成了硬度和归一化饱和磁化强度梯度,其结果同Co的成分分布相吻合。随着Co和Zr02粒径比的增加,Co的成分梯度逐渐增加。在粒径比相当的情况下,降低Co和Zr02粒径,有助于成分梯度的增加。
随着磁场强度的增加,Co沿着磁场运动方向梯度分布,且成分梯度逐渐增加。随着磁场运动速度的增加,Co沿着磁场运动方向梯度分布,且成分梯度逐渐减小。当磁场运动速度增加到3mm/s时,样品中基本无成分梯度形成。浆料中粒子移动与磁场作用次数有关。磁场作用次数越多,最终形成成分梯度越大。建立了磁性粒子在运动磁场中的受力模型,合理解释了试验结果。
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a class of novel materials. The composition, microstructure and properties of these materials vary continuously and smoothly. They have been extensively used in many engineering field, where a material is required to perform different functions at different locations. Based on the distinct difference in magnetic susceptibility between components, new magnetic-field-driving method was developed to prepare ZrO2-Co FGMs. The magnetic-field-driving device was designed and built to meet the need of experiments. The influences of mixed slurry composition (including solid content, Co concentration and particle size) and magnetic field strength, magnetic field velocity and the action times on composition distribution, microhardness and normallized saturation magnetization of ZrO2-Co FGMs were studied systematically by means of optical microscope, microhardness tester and vibrating sample magnetometer.
The results are summarized as follows:
The gradient of microstructure, composition distribution and properties were formed along the field moving direction in samples prepared by moving magnetic-field-driving method. As the solid content in suspension increased, the density of FGMs increased, but the composition gradient decreased. High density of the samples with low solid content can be obtained by vacuum filtration processing. With increasing Ni content from 5 to 20 wt.%, the composition gradient formed as well as microhardness and normallized saturation magnetization, the composition gradient increased with increasing of particle diameter ratio between Co and ZrO2.
With increasing of magnetic field strength increased, the composition gradient of Co was formed and increased. As the magnetic field velocity increased from 0.25mm/s to 3mm/s, Ni gradient decreased. However, little gradient was formed as the velocity was up to 3mm/s. The composition gradient increased with adding the action times of magnetic field from 1 to 15. A schematic model was proposed to explain the distribution of particles in gradient magnetic fields.
引文
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[8]Ye.P. Mamunya, V.V. Davydenko, P. Pissis, E.V. Lebedev, Electrical and thermal conductivity of polymers filled with metal powders, Journal of European Polymer,2002,38 (10):1887-1897.
[9]S.S. Ahankari, K. K. Kar, Processing and characterization of functionally graded materials through mechanical properties and glass transition temperature, Materials Letters,2008,62 (5):3398-3400.
[10]M.A. Guler, F. Erdogn, Contact mechanics of two deformamble elastic solids with graded coatings, Mechanics of Materials,2006,38 (7):633-647.
[11]A. Mortensen, S. Suresh, Funcitonally graded metals and metal-ceramic composites:Part 1 Processing, International Materials Reviews,1995,40 (6):239-265.
[12]Y. Gelbstein, Z. Dashevsky, M.P. Dariel, Powder metallurgical processing of functionally graded p-Pbl-xSnxTe materials for thermoelectric applications, Physics B,2007,391 (8): 256-265.
[13]X. Li, J.P. Gao, L.J. Xue, Y.C. Han, Porous polymer films with gradient-refractive-index structure for broadband and omnidirectional antireflection, Advanced Functional Materials, 2010,20 (2):259-265.
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[15]E. Miiller, C. Drasar, J. Schilz, W. A. Kaysser, Functionally graded materials for sensor and energy applications, Materials Science and Engineering A,2003,362 (1-2):17-39.
[16]R. Jedamzik. A. Neubrand, J.Rodel, Functionally graded materials by electrochemical processing and infiltration:application to tungsten/copper composites. Journal of Materials Science,2000.35 (2):477-486.
[17]T. Nakamura, T. Wang, S. Sampath, Determination of properties of graded materials by inverse analysis and instrumented indentation, Acta Materialia,2000,48 (17):4293-4306.
[18]M. Koizumi, M. Niino. Overview of FGM research in Japan, In:Functionally Gradient Materials. MRS Bull,1995:19-21.
[19]J.B. Holt, M. Koizumi, Z.A. Munirl, Ceramic Transactions. Proceedings of second international symoposium on functionally gradient material. Functionally Gradient Materials, 1992:152-160.
[20]李永,宋健,张志民,梯度功能力学,北京：清华大学出版社.2003.
[21]B. Inschner, M. Yamanouchi, M. Koizumi. Proceeding of the First International Symposium on Functionally G rad ientMaterials. FGM Forum,1990:101-103.
[22]A. J. Markworthl, K. S. Ramesh, W. P. Parks. Modelling studies applied to functionally graded materials. Journal of Material Science,1995,30 (9):2183-2193.
[23]M. Sasaki, Y. Wang, T. Hirano, T. Hirai. Design of SiC/C functionally gradient material and its preparation by chemical vapor deposition. Journal of the Ceramic Socciety Japan,1989, 97 (5):539-543.
[24]S. Eroglu, N.C. Birla, M. Demirci, Synthesis of functionally gradient nickel-chromium-aluminum/magnesia-Zirconia coatings by plansma spray technique. Materials Letters,1993,12(14):1099-1102.
[25]H. Ishibashi, H. Tobimatsu, T. Matsumoto, K. Hayashi, A. P. Tomsia, E. Saiz, Characterization of Mo-SiO2 functionally graded materials. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science,2000,31 (1):299-308.
[26]X.F. Tang, L.M. Zhang, R.Z. Yuan, Thermal stress relaxation design and fabrication of PSZ/Mo Functionally Gradient Materials. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,1994,22: 44-49.
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